Susceptibilidad a antibióticos en cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa aisladas de canes con otitis externa

The purpose of this study was to determine susceptibility to antibiotics in strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs with external otitis in Callao, Perú. Twenty strains were tested for their susceptibility to 11 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. The aminoglycosides presented the best sensitivity (94.4%). Multiresistance was registered in 70%. Mongrel breed were the most affected (50%). The aminoglycosides and then the fluoroquinolones remain as treatment options.El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la susceptibilidad a los antibióticos en cepas de P.aeruginosa aisladas de canes con otitis externa en Callao, Perú. Veinte cepas fueron probadasen su susceptibilidad a 11 antibióticos mediante el método de disco difusión. Los aminoglucósidos presentaron la mejor sensibilidad (94,4%). La multirresistencia se observó en un 70%. Los animales de raza definida fueron los más afectados (50%). Los aminoglucósidos yseguidamente las fluoroquinolonas se mantienen como opciones de tratamiento

Cellular and subcellular localization of Marlin-1 in the brain

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Marlin-1 is a microtubule binding protein that associates specifically with the GABA_B1subunit in neurons and with members of the Janus kinase family in lymphoid cells. In addition, it binds the molecular motor kinesin-I and nucleic acids, preferentially single stranded RNA. Marlin-1 is expressed mainly in the central nervous system but little is known regarding its cellular and subcellular distribution in the brain.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we have studied the localization of Marlin-1 in the rodent brain and cultured neurons combining immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and pre-embedding electron microscopy. We demonstrate that Marlin-1 is enriched in restricted areas of the brain including olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Marlin-1 is abundant in dendrites and axons of GABAergic and non-GABAergic hippocampal neurons. At the ultrastructural level, Marlin-1 is present in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of CA1 neurons in the hippocampus. In the cytoplasm it associates to microtubules in the dendritic shaft and occasionally with the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and dendritic spines. In the nucleus, clusters of Marlin-1 associate to euchromatin.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results demonstrate that Marlin-1 is expressed in discrete areas of the brain. They also confirm the microtubule association at the ultrastructural level in neurons. Together with the abundance of the protein in dendrites and axons they are consistent with the emerging role of Marlin-1 as an intracellular protein linking the cytoskeleton and transport. Our study constitutes the first detailed description of the cellular and subcellular distribution of Marlin-1 in the brain. As such, it will set the basis for future studies on the functional implications of Marlin-1 in protein trafficking.</p

Polysulfone tailor-made implant for the surgical correction of a frontoparietal meningoencephalocoele in a cat

Case summary: A 6-week-old entire female domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation of a soft bulge and a palpable skull defect on the forehead, present since adoption a few days earlier. The neurological examination revealed an absent menace response bilaterally and apparent blindness, localising the lesion to the occipital cortex. The main differential diagnoses were meningocoele (MC) and meningoencephalocoele (MEC). Surgical repair was proposed once the cat reached adult size. Meanwhile, the cat developed seizures and was treated with anticonvulsant therapy. At 6 months of age, CT confirmed a frontoparietal MEC with associated porencephaly. Based on a three-dimensional printed skull mould, a polysulfone implant was created. The meninges were dissected from the skin, a durectomy was performed and samples of the protruding brain were obtained. Part of the cerebrospinal fluid was drained until the size of the protruding brain decreased enough to be included below the implant that was anchored on top of the skull with cerclages. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of MEC. Three years and 7 months later, the cat had partially recovered vision but continued to seize monthly despite antiepileptic drugs. Relevance and novel information: MC/MEC is a relatively uncommon disease reported in companion animals, and only four cases of surgical management have been described, and did not use a polysulfone tailor-made implant. In human medicine, surgical intervention is the treatment of choice. This case highlights a new implant option for surgical correction of MEC with good long-term result and no complications after 3 years and 7 months

Bacterial biodiversity drives the evolution of CRISPR-based phage resistance

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Nature via the DOI in this record About half of all bacteria carry genes for CRISPR–Cas adaptive immune systems, which provide immunological memory by inserting short DNA sequences from phage and other parasitic DNA elements into CRISPR loci on the host genome. Whereas CRISPR loci evolve rapidly in natural environments, bacterial species typically evolve phage resistance by the mutation or loss of phage receptors under laboratory conditions. Here we report how this discrepancy may in part be explained by differences in the biotic complexity of in vitro and natural environments. Specifically, by using the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its phage DMS3vir, we show that coexistence with other human pathogens amplifies the fitness trade-offs associated with the mutation of phage receptors, and therefore tips the balance in favour of the evolution of CRISPR-based resistance. We also demonstrate that this has important knock-on effects for the virulence of P. aeruginosa, which became attenuated only if the bacteria evolved surface-based resistance. Our data reveal that the biotic complexity of microbial communities in natural environments is an important driver of the evolution of CRISPR–Cas adaptive immunity, with key implications for bacterial fitness and virulence.European CommissionNatural Environment Research Council (NERC

Un conjunto numismático del siglo XVI en la Cova del Ramal de la Raconada (Castelldefels, Barcelona)

[eng]A few 16th century coins found in the Cova del Ramal de la Raconada (Castelldefels, Barcelona) This paper announces the finding of eight coins at the excavation site of the Cova del Ramal de la Raconada (Castelldefels, Barcelona). An analysis of the cluster enables this numismatic material to be situated chronologically in the third quarter of the 16th century and to associate it with the monetary circulation at the beginning of the Modern Age. In addition, the material from the Cova del Ramal de la Raconada and other Bajo Llobregat locations enables us to make assumptions on the historical context at the end of the 16th century in the Barcelona coastal region.[spa]En el presente trabajo se da a conocer el hallazgo de ocho monedas procedentes del yacimiento arqueológico de la Cova del Ramal de la Raconada (Castelldefels, Barcelona). El estudio del conjunto permite situar cronológicamente el material numismático en el tercer cuarto del siglo XVI y ponerlo en relación con la circulación monetaria del inicio de la Edad Moderna. Asimismo, los materiales procedentes de la Cova del Ramal de la Raconada, junto con otras localidades del Bajo Llobregat, permiten hacer inferencias sobre el contexto histórico de finales del siglo XVI en el litoral de Barcelona

Multi-Platform Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus Antibodies and Provirus as Biomarkers of Production Losses

Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are endemic in most areas of Europe, causing a chronic infection and a multisystemic disease affecting the udder, carpal joints, lungs, and central nervous system. Due to the lack of treatments and protective vaccination strategies, infection control is focused on the identification of infected animals through serological or molecular techniques. However, antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of SRLVs represent a clear drawback for diagnosis. Infected animals may present lower animal production parameters such as birth weight or milk production and quality, depending on productive systems considered and, likely, to the diagnostic method applied. In this study, four sheep flocks dedicated to dairy or meat production were evaluated using three different ELISA and two PCR strategies to classify animal population according to SRLV infection status. Productive parameters were recorded along one whole lactation or reproductive period and compared between positive and negative animals. SRLV was present in 19% of the total population, being unequally distributed in the different flocks. Less than half of the infected animals were detected by a single diagnostic method, highlighting the importance of combining different diagnostic techniques. Statistical analysis employing animal classification using all the diagnostic methods associated lambing size, lamb weight at birth, and daily weight gain with SRLV infection status in meat flocks. Milk production, somatic cell count, fat, and protein content in the milk were associated with SRLV infection in dairy flocks, to a greater extent in the flock showing higher seroprevalence. A multi-platform SRLV diagnostic strategy was useful for ensuring correct animal classification, thus validating downstream studies investigating production traits

The formation of the university teaching staff for the education in the management of the sustainability

El artículo se inscribe en las propuestas de los Organismos Internacionales (ONU, Global Compact, 2004; ONU, Principios para una Educación Responsable en Gestión, 2007; UNESCO, Replantear la educación ¿Hacia un bien común mundial?, 2015; UNESCO, Educación para los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Objetivos de aprendizaje, 2017) para erradicar la pobreza, proteger el planeta y asegurar la prosperidad para todos como parte de la agenda de desarrollo sostenible con la mirada puesta en 2030. En concreto, se parte de los Principios para una Educación Responsable en Gestión (ONU, 2007) y el papel que se asigna a las universidades y a su profesorado. El propósito del artículo se concreta en la presentación de las directrices sobre los objetivos de aprendizaje que se proponen al profesorado universitario, así como de las pedagogías universitarias que tendrían que aplicar en la formación de sus estudiantes. De este estudio preliminar, se puede obtener información relevante para formular propuestas para el diagnóstico de la formación del profesorado universitario.The article is part of the proposals of the International Organizations (UN, Global Compact, 2004, UN, Principles for Responsible Education in Management, 2007, UNESCO, Rethinking education Towards a global common good, 2015, UNESCO, Education for the Sustainable Development Goals, Learning Objectives, 2017) to eradicate poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all as part of the sustainable development agenda with an eye on 2030. In particular, it is based on the Principles for a Responsible Education in Management (UN, 2007) and the role assigned to universities and their teaching staff. The objective of the article is specified in the presentation of the guidelines on the learning objectives that are proposed to the university teaching staff as well as the university pedagogies that they would have to apply in the training of their students. From this preliminary study, relevant information can be obtained to formulate proposals for the diagnosis of university teacher training

Survival Time after Surgical Debulking and Temozolomide Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Canine Intracranial Gliomas

Intracranial gliomas are associated with a poor prognosis, and the most appropriate treatment is yet to be defined. The objectives of this retrospective study are to report the time to progression and survival times of a group of dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial gliomas treated with surgical debulking and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. All cases treated in a single referral veterinary hospital from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria comprised a histopathological diagnosis of intracranial glioma, adjunctive chemotherapy, and follow-up until death. Cases were excluded if the owner declined chemotherapy or there was insufficient follow-up information in the clinical records. Fourteen client-owned dogs were included with a median time to progression (MTP) of 156 days (95% CI 133-320 days) and median survival time (MST) of 240 days (95% CI 149-465 days). Temozolomide was the first-line adjuvant chemotherapy but changed to another chemotherapy agent (lomustine, toceranib phosphate, or melphalan) when tumour relapse was either suspected by clinical signs or confirmed by advanced imaging. Of the fourteen dogs, three underwent two surgical resections and one, three surgeries. Survival times (ST) were 241, 428, and 468 days for three dogs treated twice surgically and 780 days for the dog treated surgically three times. Survival times for dogs operated once was 181 days. One case was euthanized after developing aspiration pneumonia, and all other cases after progression of clinical signs due to suspected or confirmed tumour relapse. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are well-tolerated options in dogs with intracranial gliomas in which surgery is a possibility and should be considered a potential treatment option. Repeated surgery may be considered for selected cases

Performance of global retention models in the optimisation of the chromatographic separation (I): Simple multi-analyte samples

Conventional retention models lead to accurate descriptions of the elution behaviour from the fitting of data for single solutes or from a set of solutes, one by one. However, the simultaneous fitting of several solutes through a regression process that separates the contributions of column and solvent from those of each solute is also possible. The result is a global retention model constituted by a set of equations with some common parameters (those associated with column and solvent), whereas others, specific to each solute, differ for each equation. This work explores the possibilities, advantages, and limitations of global models when they are applied to the optimisation of chromatographic resolution. A set constituted by 13 drugs (diuretics and β-blockers) and a training experimental design of seven multi-linear gradients are considered. Since standards for all compounds were available, the optimisation based on global models could be compared with the conventional optimisation, which is based on individual models. In their current state, global models do not predict changes in elution order, but they do allow for incorporating additional solutes (e.g., new analytes or matrix peaks) with only one new experiment. This possibility is explored by extending the model for the 13 analytes to include 26 peaks associated with a contamination in the injector. The combination of individual and global models allows an optimisation where the effects of matrix peaks on the separation of analytes can be integrated.Fil: Peiró Vila, P.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Villamonte, María Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Luján Roca, I.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Torres Lapasió, J.R.. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: García Alvarez Coque, M. C.. Universidad de Valencia; Españ