How much is your diet? (Estimation about prices of “traditional Hungarian”, diabetic, low energy diets, and related life-style expenses)

Nutrition and lifestyle-related diseases are some of the leading morbidities among the Hungarian population. People who want to lose weight often complain that healthy diet is expensive. Our aim was to quantify the costs of three different types of diet for a three-day period. We compared “traditional Hungarian”, low energy, and diabetic diets, considering both energy content and expenses related to lifestyle. According to our estimation: diabetic (including medication) and ”traditional” Hungarian diets were the most expensive. Low energy diet proved to be the most cost-effective despite the extra expenditures of higher physical activity

The Existence of Awig-Awig as a Basis in the Development of Hidden Canyon Tourism Destinations by Local Communities in Guwang Village, Gianyar District, Bali

According to Koentjaraningrat (2003: 76) the cultural value system is the highest and most abstract level of customs because cultural values consist of concepts regarding everything that is considered valuable and important by society so that it can function as a guide in their lives. This can be seen in the various rules applied in Guwang Village, such as not being allowed to sell land because the land belongs to the adat village; it is forbidden to cut down trees without village permission; for tourists who want to visit the Hidden Canyon Beji Guwang tour, they must obey the established rules, such as wearing a scarf and not entering the temple during menstruation; and tourists are also expected not to visit sacred places past the specified time. The research method used is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive research approach that aims to describe, describe, summarize various conditions, situations or variables that arise in the community that are the object of research. This research will be conducted in Hidden Canyon Tourist Destination, Guwang. by applying a purposive random sampling data collection technique. Overall, awig-awig has a very important role in the development of Hidden Canyon tourist destinations. Through the implementation of awig-awig, Hidden Canyon can be preserved, maintain the culture and social life of the local community, and provide a safe and comfortable experience for visitors. Thus, awig-awig becomes a strong foundation in the development of sustainable and responsible tourist destinations in Hidden Canyon

The Effect of Skepticism, Experience, And Intelligence on Audit Opinions Decision with Time Budget Pressure as the Moderation Variable

The audit opinion decision may affected by professional auditor skepticism, audit experience and auditor intelligence. Time budget pressure weakens the relationship between these variables. This study aims to get the empirical evidence the effect of time budget pressures to moderate the effect of skepticism, audit experience, and auditor intelligence on audit opinion decision. The population is auditor at Bali Province Audit Board (BPK-RI) and Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in Bali. The samples are selected by purposive sampling method, totaling 98 auditors. The data is analyzed by Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The study results show that time budget pressure weakens the effect of skepticism and auditor intelligences on audit opinion decision. However, time budget pressure does not weaken the effect of audit experience on audit opinion decision. Keywords: skepticism, audit experience, auditor intelligence, time budget pressure, public accounting firm, CPC (financial auditing body)

Synthesis Pid Controller for Objects Second Order with Regard to the Location Poles

Рассмотрена методика синтеза ПИД-регулятора системы управления для объектов второго порядка. В качестве теоретической основы методики использован модальный метод для линейных систем с учетом расположения комплексных полюсов. Получены соотношения, связывающие значения переходной характеристики, значения комплексных полюсов и коэффициентов объекта управления. Приводится числовой примерThe paper explored the method of synthesis of PID control systems for objects of the second order. As a theoretical basis of methods used modal method for linear systems with respect to the location of the complex poles. The obtained equations linking the values of the transient response, the complex poles and coefficients of the control object. The numerical illustration is give

X-RED: A Satellite Mission Concept To Detect Early Universe Gamma Ray Bursts

Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic eruptions known in the Universe. Instruments such as Compton-GRO/BATSE and the GRB monitor on BeppoSAX have detected more than 2700 GRBs and, although observational confirmation is still required, it is now generally accepted that many of these bursts are associated with the collapse of rapidly spinning massive stars to form black holes. Consequently, since first generation stars are expected to be very massive, GRBs are likely to have occurred in significant numbers at early epochs. X-red is a space mission concept designed to detect these extremely high redshifted GRBs, in order to probe the nature of the first generation of stars and hence the time of reionisation of the early Universe. We demonstrate that the gamma and x-ray luminosities of typical GRBs render them detectable up to extremely high redshifts (z~10-30), but that current missions such as HETE2 and SWIFT operate outside the observational range for detection of high redshift GRB afterglows. Therefore, to redress this, we present a complete mission design from the science case to the mission architecture and payload, the latter comprising three instruments, namely wide field x-ray cameras to detect high redshift gamma-rays, an x-ray focussing telescope to determine accurate coordinates and extract spectra, and an infrared spectrograph to observe the high redshift optical afterglow. The mission is expected to detect and identify for the first time GRBs with z > 10, thereby providing constraints on properties of the first generation of stars and the history of the early Universe.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, spie.cls neede

A public health threat in Hungary: obesity, 2013

Background: In Hungary, the last wide-range evaluation about nutritional status of the population was completed in 1988. Since then, only limited data were available. Our aim was to collect, analyze and present updated prevalence data. Methods. Anthropometric, educational and morbidity data of persons above 18 y were registered in all geographical regions of Hungary, at primary care encounters and within community settings. Results: Data (BMI, waist circumference, educational level) of 40,331 individuals (16,544 men, 23,787 women) were analyzed. Overall prevalence for overweight was 40.4% among men, 31.3% among women, while for obesity 32.0% and 31.5%, respectively. Abdominal obesity was 37.1% in males, 60.9% in females. Among men, the prevalence of overweight-obesity was: under 35 y = 32.5%-16.2%, between 35-60 y = 40.6%-34.7%, over 60 y = 44.3%-36.7%. Among women, in the same age categories were: 17.8%-13.8%, 29.7%-29.0%, and 36.9%-39.0%. Data were presented according to age by decades as well. The highest odds ratio of overweight (OR: 1.079; 95% CI [1.026-1.135]) was registered by middle educational level, the lowest odds ratio of obesity (OR: 0.500; 95% CI [0.463-0.539]) by the highest educational level. The highest proportion of obese people lived in villages (35.4%) and in Budapest (28.9%). Distribution of overweighed persons were: Budapest (37.1%), other cities (35.8%), villages (33.8%). Registered metabolic morbidities were strongly correlated with BMIs and both were inversely related to the level of urbanization. Over the previous decades, there has been a shift in the distribution of population toward being overweight and moreover obese, it was most prominent among males, mainly in younger generation. Conclusions: Evaluation covered 0.53% of the total population over 18 y and could be very close to the proper national representativeness. The threat of obesity and related morbidities require higher public awareness and interventions

Family medicine in post-communist Europe needs a boost. Exploring the position of family medicine in healthcare systems of Central and Eastern Europe and Russia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have experienced a lot of changes at the end of the 20th century, including changes in the health care systems and especially in primary care. The aim of this paper is to systematically assess the position of family medicine in these countries, using the same methodology within all the countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A key informants survey in 11 Central and Eastern European countries and Russia using a questionnaire developed on the basis of systematic literature review.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Formally, family medicine is accepted as a specialty in all the countries, although the levels of its implementation vary across the countries and the differences are important. In most countries, solo practice is the most predominant organisational form of family medicine. Family medicine is just one of many medical specialties (e.g. paediatrics and gynaecology) in primary health care. Full introduction of family medicine was successful only in Estonia.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Some of the unification of the systems may have been the result of the EU request for adequate training that has pushed the policies towards higher standards of training for family medicine. The initial enthusiasm of implementing family medicine has decreased because there was no initiative that would support this movement. Internal and external stimuli might be needed to continue transition process.</p

Nuclear Tracks Morphology Study Using Raman Methodology

In this work, a new methodology for rendering profiles of etched nuclear tracks is presented, using confocal micro-Raman spectrometry instrumentation. The precise profile of etched nuclear tracks with normal and/or angular incidence of the particle can be determined in few minutes, with a great visual and numerical resolution, that means a quantitative and qualitative simultaneous chemical and morphology characterization with the Raman technique. The Raman image routine is designed to acquire at each image pixel a complete Raman spectrum. This is a mapping of the functional groups that form the polymeric structure, which may be broken by the damage caused by the incident radiation and/or the etching process

Self-reported lifestyle behaviours in families with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes across six European countries: a cross-sectional analysis from the Feel4Diabetes-study

BACKGROUND: A healthy lifestyle decreases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current cross-sectional study aimed to describe self-reported lifestyle behaviours and compare them to current health guidelines in European Feel4Diabetes-families at risk for developing type 2 diabetes across six countries (Belgium, Finland, Spain, Greece, Hungary and Bulgaria). METHODS: Parents and their children were recruited through primary schools located in low socio-economic status areas. Parents filled out the FINDRISC-questionnaire (eight items questioning age, Body Mass Index, waist circumference, PA, daily consumption of fruit, berries or vegetables, history of antihypertensive drug treatment, history of high blood glucose and family history of diabetes), which was used for the risk assessment of the family. Sociodemographic factors and several lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour, water consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, soft drink consumption, sweets consumption, snack consumption, breakfast consumption) of both adults and children were assessed by parental questionnaires. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to investigate families'' lifestyle behaviours, to compare these levels to health guidelines and to assess potential differences between the countries. Analyses were controlled for age, sex and socio-economic status. RESULTS: Most Feel4Diabetes-families at risk (parents and their children) did not comply with the guidelines regarding healthy behaviours, set by the WHO, European or national authorities. Less than half of parents and children complied with the physical activity guidelines, less than 15% of them complied with the fruit and vegetable guideline, and only 40% of the children met the recommendations of five glasses of water per day. Clear differences in lifestyle behaviours in Feel4Diabetes-families at risk exist between the countries. CONCLUSIONS: Countries are highly recommended to invest in policy initiatives to counter unhealthy lifestyle behaviours in families at risk for type 2 diabetes development, taking into account country-specific needs. For future research it is of great importance to focus on families at risk in order to counter the development of type 2 diabetes and reduce health inequity. © 2022. The Author(s)