Effect of seminal plasma on hipoosmotic swelling test in fresh alpaca spermatozoa

A study was designed with the objective of evaluating the effect of seminal plasma on the response to the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) in alpaca spermatozoa, for which three experimental groups were organized as follows: Group 1(n=15) plasma free sperm seminal (obtained from the vas deferens, aspirated in PBS), Group 2(n=15) free seminal plasma sperm reconstituted with seminal plasma (obtained from the vas deferens, aspirated in PBS, mixed in 50/50% with seminal plasma) and Group 3(n=15) whole semen (obtained by artificial vagina), The samples were incubated in a hypoosmotic solution adjusted to 100mOsmol (sodium citrate+fructose+2H2Ocsp 100mL). 0.1mL of semen+0.9mL of hypoosmotic solution was mixed, incubated for 30minutes in a water bath at 37°C and the reaction was stopped with 0.1mL of 4% formaldehyde. A count of at least 200 spermatozoa was performed per sample, using an optical microscope with immersion objective (100X), the vitality was evaluated by supravital eosin staining (0.7%)-nigrosin(1%), the results indicate that it does not exist a detrimental effect of the seminal plasma on the endosmotic response, being, on the contrary, superior in the whole semen; the vitality of the spermatozoa with and without seminal plasma is similar, however it decreases when it is reconstituted with seminal plasma, possibly due to the seminal plasma of another animal; there is no positive correlation between endosmosis and vitality, indicating that the latter would not necessarily reflect the integrity of the membrane, which is why it is recommended to perform this test routinely in alpaca semen exams

Lean Production Model Aligned with Organizational Culture to Reduce Order Fulfillment Issues in Micro- and Small-sized Textile Businesses in Peru

This paper proposes an optimization model aimed at increasing production capabilities at a small-sized textile business dedicated to manufacturing polo shirts, while reducing order fulfillment issues, including incomplete orders and late deliveries. Hence, an assessment identified downtimes from unnecessary transportation travel, time spent looking for materials, and excessive losses due to cutting fabric errors. In this light, the study focused on selecting adaptable tools, such as 5S, Plant Layout, and Method Study, which may help improve production capabilities and address these situations. However, to guarantee that the objectives set forth are being met, the organizational culture must also be identified and improved so that it may serve as the foundation for the optimization model. Then, the proposed model will be validated to determine whether the selected operating tools supported by the strengthening of organization culture contribute to increasing production

Kepatuhan Masyarakat terhadap Protokol COVID-19 pada Masa Pemberlakuan New Normal di Kota Jayapura, Provinsi Papua, Indonesia

 Jumlah kasus penyakit infeksi COVID-19 di Kota Jayapura saat tiga bulan terahkir terus bertambah, peluang untuk terinfeksi Rt 1,57 artinya bahwa COVID-19 di Kota Jayapura belum terkontrol. Kepatuhan saat melakukan protokol kesehatan pada masyarakat di kota ini masih rendah, pemerintah daerah telah mengeluarkan peraturan daerah dengan harapan bahwa masyarakat tetap taat protokol kesehatan.Penelitian kuantitatif dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional study sedangkan informasi kualitatif mendukung penjelasan varibael yang akan dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariate untuk menampilkan informasi hasil besar risiko dan kemaknaan. Sampel survey probabilitas berjumlah 1033 responden, jumlah responden laki-laki  534 responden (51.7%) dan perempuan 499 responden (48.3%).Hasil penelitian bahwa karateristik suku terhadap tindakan penggunaan masker probabilitas 7 kali terinfeksi COVID-19 di Kota Jayapura sedangkan karakteristik jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan agama terhadap tindakan penggunaan masker probabilitas 2 kali terinfeksi COVID-19 di Kota Jayapura, untuk pemberlakuan protokol kesehatan COVID-19 di Kota Jayapura belum dipatuhi dengan baik oleh masyaraka

¿Los Hongos Micorrícicos Arbusculares pueden potenciar el crecimiento de especies forrajeras ante fertilización fosfatada?

El P es el principal nutriente que limita la producción forrajera en pastizales y pasturas de la Cuenca del río Salado (Argentina), siendo necesario estudiar nuevas estrategias que permitan incrementar la producción de forraje de manera sustentable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto combinado de la fertilización fosfatada y la inoculación con hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) sobre el crecimiento y eficiencia de absorción de P de especies forrajeras con diferente metabolismo carbonado. Se realizó un ensayo en macetas ante condiciones controladas con un Natraquoll típico de la Cuenca previamente esterilizado (14,67 mgP/kg Bray I). Se fertilizó con 15 y 75 mgP/kg como KH2PO4 y se inoculó con el mismo suelo como fuente de HMA nativos. Se realizaron controles sin inocular +/-P. Se sembraron en forma separada Lotus tenuis (leguminosa), Schedonorus arundinaceus (gramínea C3) y Panicum coloratum (gramínea C4). Luego de 68 DDS se cosechó el material vegetal, se analizó biomasa seca, largo radical específico y colonización de HMA. Se calculó la respuesta micorrícica y la absorción específica de P. ANOVA y Tukey se utilizaron en la comparación de medias (P<0,05). La aplicación de P+HMA potenció el crecimiento del vástago de L. tenuis en comparación con los tratamientos ?HMA para cada nivel de P. Ambas gramíneas aumentaron la producción del vástago ante fertilización P pero solo P. coloratum registró un efecto significativo de la inoculación con HMA. La fertilización disminuyó la colonización de HMA y la respuesta micorrícica en las tres especies. Tanto L. tenuis como P. coloratum registraron porcentajes de colonización relativamente altos ante 15 mgP/kg. A su vez, P. coloratum presentó mayor porcentaje de colonización y respuesta micorrícica que S. arundinaceus ante 0 y 15 mgP/kg. Estos resultados son acordes con trabajos previos, los cuales han reportado que las leguminosas presentan mayor dependencia por HMA que las gramíneas, y las gramíneas C4 más que las C3. La fertilización P y la inoculación con HMA afectaron la absorción específica de P y el largo radical específico en las tres especies. Particularmente en L. tenuis sin P, la inoculación con HMA disminuyó 25% el largo radical específico y aumentó 97% la absorción específica de P. El mayor largo radical específico de S. arundinaceus le permite incrementar el volumen de suelo explorado y depender en menor medida de la asociación con HMA para absorber P. Concluimos que la aplicación de una dosis baja de P+HMA pudieron potenciar el crecimiento de L. tenuis, el cual se asocia con altos niveles de colonización y absorción de P. En este sentido, la simbiosis con HMA sería la principal estrategia de esta especie para incrementar la absorción de P y por lo tanto la producción de forraje ante condiciones limitantes, a diferencia de ambas gramíneas. A partir del presente estudio se postula que L. tenuis y P. coloratum serían capaces de mantener en sus raíces el inóculo de HMA, incluso ante dosis bajas de fertilizante P en un Natraquoll de la Cuenca del río Salado.Fil: Chippano, Tomás Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Mamani, A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez López, E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Corrientes; ArgentinaFil: Cofré, María Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: García, I.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaXXVII Congreso Argentino de la Ciencia del SueloArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Tecnología AgropecuariaUniversidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasAsociación Argentina de la Ciencia del SueloConsejo Federal de Inversione

Characteristics of the Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4 German outbreak strain and of STEC strains isolated in Spain

A Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strain belonging to serotype O104:H4, phylogenetic group&nbsp;B1 and sequence type ST678, with virulence features common to the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) pathotype, was reported as the cause of the recent 2011 outbreak in Germany. The outbreak strain was determined to carry several virulence factors of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and to be resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. There are only a few&nbsp;reports of serotype O104:H4, which is very rare in humans and has never been detected in animals or food. Several research&nbsp;groups obtained the complete genome sequence of isolates of the German outbreak strain as well as the genome sequences of&nbsp;EAEC of serotype O104:H4 strains from Africa. Those findings suggested that horizontal genetic transfer allowed the emergence of the highly virulent Shiga-toxin-producing enteroaggregative E. coli (STEAEC) O104:H4 strain responsible for theoutbreak in Germany. Epidemiologic investigations supported a linkage between the outbreaks in Germany and France and&nbsp;traced their origin to fenugreek seeds imported from Africa. However, there has been no isolation of the causative strain&nbsp;O104:H4 from any of the samples of fenugreek seeds analyzed. Following the German outbreak, we conducted a large sampling to analyze the presence of STEC, EAEC, and other types of diarrheagenic E. coli strains in Spanish vegetables. During&nbsp;June and July 2011, 200 vegetable samples from different origins were analyzed. All were negative for the virulent serotype&nbsp;O104:H4 and only one lettuce sample (0.6%) was positive for a STEC strain of serotype O146:H21 (stx1, stx2), considered&nbsp;of low virulence. Despite the single positive case, the hygienic and sanitary quality of Spanish vegetables proved to be quite&nbsp;good. In 195 of the 200 samples (98%), &lt;10 colony-forming units (cfu) of E. coli per gram were detected, and the microbiological levels of all samples were satisfactory (&lt;100 cfu/g). The samples were also negative for other pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli (EAEC, ETEC, tEPEC, and EIEC). Consistent with data from other countries, STEC belonging to serotypeO157:H7 and other serotypes have been isolated from beef, milk, cheese, and domestic (cattle, sheep, goats) and wild (deer,&nbsp;boar, fox) animals in Spain. Nevertheless, STEC outbreaks in Spain are rare

"Validity of a scale of Latin American perception of fear and concern transmitted by the media during the pandemic (MED-LAT-COVID-19)"

"Introduction: The pandemic has caused fear, especially due to the daily disseminated news; however, there is not an instrument to measure this fear in multiple realities. Objective: To validate a scale for Latin American perception of fear and concern transmitted by the media during the pandemic. Methodology: This is an instrumental study. The survey was based on an instrument which was pre-validated in Peru and submitted to 15 experts in almost 10 countries. Subsequently, thousands of people were surveyed in 13 Latin American countries, whose answers were used for descriptive statistics for validation. Results: Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) generated two re-specifications, where four items were eliminated from the original scale. With these changes, the global goodness of fit (absolute and incremental) were satisfactory (CFI ¼ 0.978; TLI ¼ 0.964; GFI ¼ 0.976; AGFI ¼ 0.949; RMSEA ¼ 0.075 and RMR ¼ 0.029). The first factor measures the media exaggeration (three questions); the second, the fear transmitted by the media (three questions); and the third, the fear transmitted by others different from the media (two questions). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was higher than 0.70 for the scale and its factors. Conclusion: The MED-LAT-COVID-19 scale reported a good adjustment. It has eight items in three factors, which could be measured in an isolated way, or along with other tests that assess mental health in the current pandemic context.

Características petrográficas del volcánico Quenamari asociadas con la ocurrencia de minerales de uranio

El volcánico Quenamari fue estudiado por primera vez por Audebaud, Etienne (1973) al este de la laguna Sibinicocha, al NO de Macusani-Puno, y posteriormente Valencia, J y Arroyo, G (1985) le dan la categoría de formación, siendo dividida en tres miembros en el estudio geológico del cuadrángulo de Nuñoa (Lopez, J. C.; 1996). Se emplazan en una extensa meseta conocida como meseta de Quenamari, la cual está constituida por tobas riolíticas a dacíticas del Neógeno. Se caracteriza por tener naturaleza félsica, lo cual es evidenciado en la composición modal de las 08 muestras descritas en el presente trabajo. Asimismo, el volcánico Quenamari es considerado como un metalotecto importante para el emplazamiento de Uranio (Rivera A., 2010), porque se encuentra relacionado con los campos uraníferos de la cuenca de Macusani, enriquecidos en elementos radiactivos tales como el uranio, el cual se encuentra en los minerales diseminados en rocas piroclásticas (Rivera R., 2010). El presente trabajo busca realizar una caracterización petrográfica de las muestras de los volcánicos Quenamari para identificar las ocurrencias mineralógicas de uranio, en tal sentido se seleccionaron aquellas muestras que presentaron anomalías de uranio y torio con el equipo de Fluorescencia de Rayos X portátil (FRX), para luego ser estudiadas mediante el microscopio petrográfico. La caracterización petrográfica de las muestras diferenciaron dos tipos de rocas, tobas de cristales y cuerpos subvolcánicos, ambas de composición riolítica. Cabe resaltar que dentro de los cuerpos subvolcánicos una de las muestras analizadas de composición dacítica presenta cristales de biotita con halos metamícticos, lo que indica la presencia de desintegración por elementos radiactivos. Asimismo, en las tobas se observó sectores con presencia de micas radiactivas con posible contenido de uranio

Improving houses in the Bolivian Chaco increases effectiveness of residual insecticide spraying against infestation with Triatoma infestans, vector of Chagas disease

Objective: Failure to control domestic Triatoma infestans in the Chaco is attributed to vulnerable adobe construction which provides vector refuges and diminishes insecticide contact. We conducted a pilot to test impact of housing improvement plus indoor residual spraying (IRS) on house infestation and vector abundance in a rural community in the Bolivian Chaco. Methods: The intervention included three arms: housing improvement + IRS [HI], assisted IRS [AS] in which the team helped to clear the house pre-IRS, and routine IRS [RS]. HI used locally available materials, traditional construction techniques, and community participation. Vector parameters were assessed by Timed Manual Capture for 2 person-hours per house at baseline and medians of 114, 173, 314, 389, and 445 days post-IRS-1. A second IRS round was applied at a median of 314 days post-IRS-1. Results: Post-intervention infestation indices and abundance fell in all three arms. The mean odds of infestation was 0.29 (95% CL 0.124, 0.684) in the HI relative to the RS arm. No difference was observed between AS and RS. Vector abundance was reduced by a mean 44% (24.8, 58.0) in HI compared to RS, with no difference between AS and RS. Median delivered insecticide concentrations per house were lower than the target of 50mg/m2 in >90% of houses in all arms. Conclusion: Housing improvement using local materials and community participation is a promising strategy to improve IRS effectiveness in the Bolivian Chaco. A larger trial is needed to quantify the impact on re-infestation over time

A high-density transcript linkage map with 1,845 expressed genes positioned by microarray-based Single Feature Polymorphisms (SFP) in Eucalyptus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Technological advances are progressively increasing the application of genomics to a wider array of economically and ecologically important species. High-density maps enriched for transcribed genes facilitate the discovery of connections between genes and phenotypes. We report the construction of a high-density linkage map of expressed genes for the heterozygous genome of <it>Eucalyptus </it>using Single Feature Polymorphism (SFP) markers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SFP discovery and mapping was achieved using pseudo-testcross screening and selective mapping to simultaneously optimize linkage mapping and microarray costs. SFP genotyping was carried out by hybridizing complementary RNA prepared from 4.5 year-old trees xylem to an SFP array containing 103,000 25-mer oligonucleotide probes representing 20,726 unigenes derived from a modest size expressed sequence tags collection. An SFP-mapping microarray with 43,777 selected candidate SFP probes representing 15,698 genes was subsequently designed and used to genotype SFPs in a larger subset of the segregating population drawn by selective mapping. A total of 1,845 genes were mapped, with 884 of them ordered with high likelihood support on a framework map anchored to 180 microsatellites with average density of 1.2 cM. Using more probes per unigene increased by two-fold the likelihood of detecting segregating SFPs eventually resulting in more genes mapped. <it>In silico </it>validation showed that 87% of the SFPs map to the expected location on the 4.5X draft sequence of the <it>Eucalyptus grandis </it>genome.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The <it>Eucalyptus </it>1,845 gene map is the most highly enriched map for transcriptional information for any forest tree species to date. It represents a major improvement on the number of genes previously positioned on <it>Eucalyptus </it>maps and provides an initial glimpse at the gene space for this global tree genome. A general protocol is proposed to build high-density transcript linkage maps in less characterized plant species by SFP genotyping with a concurrent objective of reducing microarray costs. HIgh-density gene-rich maps represent a powerful resource to assist gene discovery endeavors when used in combination with QTL and association mapping and should be especially valuable to assist the assembly of reference genome sequences soon to come for several plant and animal species.</p

Resilient Strategies and Sustainability in Agri-Food Supply Chains in the Face of High-Risk Events

[EN] Agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) are very vulnerable to high risks such as pandemics, causing economic and social impacts mainly on the most vulnerable population. Thus, it is a priority to implement resilient strategies that enable AFSCs to resist, respond and adapt to new market challenges. At the same time, implementing resilient strategies impact on the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability. The objective of this paper is twofold: analyze resilient strategies on AFSCs in the literature and identify how these resilient strategies applied in the face of high risks affect the achievement of sustainability dimensions. The analysis of the articles is carried out in three points: consequences faced by agri-food supply chains due to high risks, strategies applicable in AFSCs, and relationship between resilient strategies and the achievement of sustainability dimensions.Authors of this publication acknowledge the contribution of the Project 691249, RUC-APS "Enhancing and implementing Knowledge based ICT solutions within high Risk and Uncertain Conditions for Agriculture Production Systems" (www.ruc-aps.eu), funded by the European Union under their funding scheme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015.Zavala-Alcívar, A.; Verdecho Sáez, MJ.; Alfaro Saiz, JJ. (2020). Resilient Strategies and Sustainability in Agri-Food Supply Chains in the Face of High-Risk Events. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. 598:560-570. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62412-5_46S560570598Gray, R.: Agriculture, transportation, and the COVID-19 crisis. Can. J. Agric. 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