Learning for sustainability in an age of wicked problems:a conceptual review

Abstract. Sustainable Development is a contested concept, yet some major transformations towards a more sustainable world must occur to ensure global wellbeing within planetary boundaries. The United Nations’ Agenda2030 provides a global vision for pathways towards sustainability. For achieving its goals, learning and education are in a crucial role. This thesis is a conceptual literature review synthesising international and mainly peer-reviewed research on sustainable behaviour and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The aim is to explore what kinds of factors explain sustainable behaviour and how learning and education can further sustainability transformations. Sustainable behaviour is influenced by several demographic, internal and external factors such as age, nature connectedness, sense of self-efficacy, cultural norms, and childhood experiences. Furthermore, there seems to be a link between education and sustainable behaviour, yet it is typical that people’s behaviours demonstrate a value-action, attitude-action, concern-action, or knowledge-action gap. ESD is an internationally promoted approach to education, which advances Sustainable Development especially through developing learners’ competencies. Through providing meaningful formal, non-formal and informal learning experiences for people at all ages, ESD has potential to drive sustainability transformations. Pedagogical solutions that allow critical deliberation, experiential learning, authentic participation and multi-actor collaboration while maintaining hope seem to support implementing transformative ESD. However, individual learning experiences are undermined if the surrounding society does not support sustainable behaviour and sustainability transformations. Thus, the magnitude and urgency of the current local and global problems require a joint and continuous learning process, which involves all societal actors to collaboratively seek for sustainable solutions.Tiivistelmä. Kestävä kehitys on kiistelty käsite, mutta varmaa on, että isoja kestävyysmurroksia tarvitaan, jotta globaali hyvinvointi voidaan varmistaa planeetan sietokyvyn rajoissa. Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien Agenda2030 tarjoaa globaalin vision ja suuntaviivat kohti kestävämpää maailmaa. Oppiminen ja koulutus ovat hyvin keskeisessä roolissa sen tavoitteiden saavuttamiseksi. Tämä pro gradu -tutkielma on käsitteellinen kirjallisuuskatsaus, joka tutkii kansainvälistä ja pääosin vertaisarvioitua kestävän elämäntavan ja kestävän kehityksen kasvatuksen tutkimusta. Tavoitteena on selvittää, millaiset tekijät selittävät kestävää elämäntapaa ja miten kasvatus, koulutus ja oppiminen voivat edistää kestävyysmurroksia. Kestävään elämäntapaan vaikuttavat useat demografiset, sisäiset ja ulkoiset tekijät, kuten ikä, luontosuhde, minäpystyvyyskokemus, kulttuuriset normit ja lapsuuden kokemukset. Koulutuksen ja kestävän elämäntavan välillä vaikuttaa olevan yhteys. Tyypillistä kuitenkin on, että ihmisten arvot, asenteet, huoli tai tietoisuus eivät aina näy heidän käytöksessään. Kestävän kehityksen kasvatus on kansainvälisesti tuettu lähestymistapa kasvatukseen, joka edistää kestävää kehitystä erityisesti kehittämällä oppijoiden kompetensseja. Kestävän kehityksen kasvatus voi olla merkittävässä roolissa kestävyysmurrosten mahdollistamisessa tarjoamalla merkityksellisiä formaaleja, non-formaaleja ja informaaleja oppimiskokemuksia kaikenikäisille ihmisille. Pedagogiset ratkaisut, jotka mahdollistavat kriittisen pohdinnan, kokemuksellisen oppimisen, aidon osallistumisen ja monialaisen yhteistyön sekä ylläpitävät positiivista tulevaisuudenkuvaa tukevat transformatiivista kestävän kehityksen kasvatusta. Yksilöiden oppimiskokemukset eivät kuitenkaan riitä, mikäli ympäröivä yhteiskunta ei tue kestävää elämäntapaa tai kestävyysmurroksia. Jotta isoihin ja kiireellisiin kestävyyshaasteisiin voidaan löytää ratkaisuja, tarvitaan kaikkien yhteiskunnan osapuolten yhteinen ja jatkuva oppimisprosessi

Työolosuhteiden mukauttaminen vammaisilla henkilöillä: vaikuttavuus sekä estävät ja edistävät tekijät. Järjestelmällinen kirjallisuuskatsaus

Katsauksen tavoitteena oli selvittää työolosuhteiden mukauttamisen vaikuttavuutta vammaisten henkilöiden työelämään osallistumiseen, työkykyyn ja mukautustoimenpiteiden kustannushyötyyn. Toisena tavoitteena oli kuvata työolosuhteiden mukauttamista estäviä ja edistäviä tekijöitä. Katsausta varten haettiin työolosuhteiden mukauttamista koskevia määrällisiä ja laadullisia tutkimuksia. Tulosmuuttujina oli työelämässä oleminen (työllistyminen, työssä jatkaminen, työhön paluu), työkyky ja kustannushyöty. Laadullisissa tutkimuksissa selvitettiin työolosuhteiden mukauttamista estäviä ja edistäviä tekijöitä. Tutkimusten kohderyhmänä oli työikäiset (16−68 v) henkilöt, joilla oli liikunta-, näkö- tai kuulovamma, kognitiivinen häiriö tai kehitysvamma. Englanninkieliset vertaisarvioidut alkuperäisartikkelit piti olla julkaistu välillä tammikuu 1990–marraskuu 2012. Haku tehtiin 10 tietokannasta: Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medic, OTseeker, PEDro, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus ja Web of Science. Katsaukseen otettiin mukaan kolme määrällistä ja kahdeksan laadullista tutkimusta. Tulosten perusteella on kohtalaista näyttöä siitä, että kohdennettu työolosuhteiden mukauttaminen (ammatillinen neuvonta ja ohjaus, koulutus ja pystyvyyden vahvistaminen, toisten antama apu, työaikajärjestelyt ja työn organisointi) tukee liikuntavammaisten henkilöiden työssä olemista ja vähentää kustannuksia. Vähäinen näyttö on siitä, että ”case-managerien” koordinoima työolosuhteiden mukauttaminen (yhteistyö, koulutus, apuvälineet, työmenetelmät) aivovamman jälkeen lisäisi työhön paluuta ja olisi perinteistä hoitoa kustannustehokkaampaa. Työssä olemista edistivät henkilön hyvä pystyvyyden tunne, työnantajan ja työyhteisön tuki, opastus ja ohjaus, sekä joustavat työaikajärjestelyt ja työn organisointi. Tarvitaan enemmän korkealaatuisia tutkimuksia, joissa vammaisten työ- ja toimintakykyä mitataan validoiduilla menetelmillä ja tutkimusasetelmissa hyödynnetään laadullisten tutkimusten tuloksia

Temperature dependence of the Brewer global UV measurements

Spectral measurements of global UV irradiance recorded by Brewer spectrophotometers can be significantly affected by instrument-specific optical and mechanical features. Thus, proper corrections are needed in order to reduce the associated uncertainties to within acceptable levels. The present study aims to contribute to the reduction of uncertainties originating from changes in the Brewer internal temperature, which affect the performance of the optical and electronic parts, and subsequently the response of the instrument. Until now, measurements of the irradiance from various types of lamps at different temperatures have been used to characterize the instruments' temperature dependence. The use of 50 W lamps was found to induce errors in the characterization due to changes in the transmissivity of the Teflon diffuser as it warms up by the heat of the lamp. In contrast, the use of 200 or 1000 W lamps is considered more appropriate because they are positioned at longer distances from the diffuser so that warming is negligible. Temperature gradients inside the instrument can cause mechanical stresses which can affect the instrument's optical characteristics. Therefore, during the temperature-dependence characterization procedure warming or cooling must be slow enough to minimize these effects. In this study, results of the temperature characterization of eight different Brewer spectrophotometers operating in Greece, Finland, Germany and Spain are presented. It was found that the instruments' response changes differently in different temperature regions due to different responses of the diffusers' transmittance. The temperature correction factors derived for the Brewer spectrophotometers operating at Thessaloniki, Greece, and Sodankylä, Finland, were evaluated and were found to remove the temperature dependence of the instruments' sensitivity.This article is based upon work from COST Action ES1207 “A European Brewer Network (EUBREWNET)”, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) and from the ENV59-ATMOZ (“Traceability for atmospheric total column ozone”) Joint Research Programme (JRP)

Diminished coagulation capacity assessed by calibrated automated thrombography during acute Puumala hantavirus infection

Coagulation abnormalities are associated with Puumala-virus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (PUUV-HFRS). We evaluated the coagulation capacity of plasma during acute PUUV-HFRS by measuring thrombin generation using calibrated automated thrombography (CAT). The study cohort comprised 27 prospectively collected, consecutive, hospital-treated patients with acute PUUV infection. Blood samples were drawn in the acute phase and at the control visit approximately 5 weeks later. To evaluate thrombin generation, the lag time of initiation, endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), and peak and time to peak thrombin concentration were assessed by CAT in platelet poor plasma without corn trypsin inhibitor. Plasma levels of d-dimer, fibrinogen and prothrombin fragments (F1 + 2) were also evaluated. When the acute phase was compared with the control phase, ETP was decreased (median 1154 nmol/l/min, range 67-1785 vs. median 1385 nmol/l/min, range 670-1970; P <0.001), while the lag time was prolonged (median 3.8 min, range 2.1-7.7 vs. median 2.9 min, range 2.0-4.1; P <0.001). Low ETP correlated with low peak thrombin concentration (r = 0.833, P <0.001). Prolonged time to peak associated with the lag time (r = 0.78, P <0.001). ETP was associated with thrombocytopenia (r = 0.472, P = 0.015) and weakly with fibrinogen level (r = 0.386, P = 0.047). The measured CAT parameters did not associate with d-dimer and F1 + 2 levels. Decreased ETP together with low peak and prolonged lag time indicate decreased plasma potential for thrombin generation in vitro. Together with low platelet count and enhanced fibrinolysis, this further refers to altered blood coagulation and increased propensity toward bleeding in acute PUUV-HFRS. Copyright (C) 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Compressive loading of the murine tibia reveals site-specific micro-scale differences in adaptation and maturation rates of bone

Loading increases bone mass and strength in a site-specific manner; however, possible effects of loading on bone matrix composition have not been evaluated. Site-specific structural and material properties of mouse bone were analyzed on the macro- and micro/molecular scale in the presence and absence of axial loading. The response of bone to load is heterogeneous, adapting at molecular, micro-, and macro-levels. INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease resulting in reduced bone mineral density, structure, and strength. The overall aim was to explore the hypothesis that changes in loading environment result in site-specific adaptations at molecular/micro- and macro-scale in mouse bone. METHODS: Right tibiae of adult mice were subjected to well-defined cyclic axial loading for 2 weeks; left tibiae were used as physiologically loaded controls. The bones were analyzed with μCT (structure), reference point indentation (material properties), Raman spectroscopy (chemical), and small-angle X-ray scattering (mineral crystallization and structure). RESULTS: The cranial and caudal sites of tibiae are structurally and biochemically different within control bones. In response to loading, cranial and caudal sites increase in cortical thickness with reduced mineralization (-14 and -3%, p < 0.01, respectively) and crystallinity (-1.4 and -0.3%, p < 0.05, respectively). Along the length of the loaded bones, collagen content becomes more heterogeneous on the caudal site and the mineral/collagen increases distally at both sites. CONCLUSION: Bone structure and composition are heterogeneous, finely tuned, adaptive, and site-specifically responsive at the micro-scale to maintain optimal function. Manipulation of this heterogeneity may affect bone strength, relative to specific applied loads

Local behavior of p-harmonic Green's functions in metric spaces

We describe the behavior of p-harmonic Green's functions near a singularity in metric measure spaces equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a Poincar\'e inequality

Determining Contingencies in the Management of Construction Projects

[EN] This research describes the managerial approaches that contractors follow to determine different types of contingencies in construction project management. Two large Spanish general contractors were selected for an in-depth analysis. Interviews and surveys were conducted with six additional companies to explore the external validity of the findings. Managers constrain time and cost buffers through project objectives, applying heuristics to determine inventory buffers. The management of capacity buffers is entrusted to subcontractors. The contractors take advantage of scope and quality buffers to meet project objectives but rarely share these buffers with the owner, unless the owner is an internal client.Ortiz-González, JI.; Pellicer, E.; Molenaar, KR. (2019). Determining Contingencies in the Management of Construction Projects. Project Management Journal. 50(2):226-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972819827389S226242502Adafin, J., Wilkinson, S., Rotimi, J. O. B., & Odeyinka, H. 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Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(3), 135-145. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2009)135:3(135)De la Cruz, M. P., del Caño, A., & de la Cruz, E. (2006). Downside Risks in Construction Projects Developed by the Civil Service: The Case of Spain. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(8), 844-852. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2006)132:8(844)Ford, D. N. (2002). Achieving Multiple Project Objectives through Contingency Management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 128(1), 30-39. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2002)128:1(30)González, V., Alarcón, L. F., & Molenaar, K. (2009). Multiobjective design of Work-In-Process buffer for scheduling repetitive building projects. Automation in Construction, 18(2), 95-108. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2008.05.005Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How Many Interviews Are Enough? Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. doi:10.1177/1525822x05279903Günhan, S., & Arditi, D. (2007). Budgeting Owner’s Construction Contingency. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(7), 492-497. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(2007)133:7(492)Hällgren, M., & Wilson, T. L. (2008). The nature and management of crises in construction projects: Projects-as-practice observations. International Journal of Project Management, 26(8), 830-838. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.10.005Harbuck R. H. (2004). Competitive bidding for highway construction projects (pp. ES91–ES94). Morgantown, WV: AACE International Transactions.HORMAN, M., & KENLEY, R. (1998). Process Dynamics: Identifying a Strategy for the Deployment of Buffers in Building Projects. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1(3), 221-237. doi:10.1080/13675569808962049Horman, M. J., & Thomas, H. R. (2005). Role of Inventory Buffers in Construction Labor Performance. 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Surface functionalization of surfactant-free particles : a strategy to tailor the properties of nanocomposites for enhanced thermoelectric performance

Altres ajuts: MCS acknowledge MINECO Juan de la Cierva Incorporation fellowship (JdlCI 2019) and Severo Ochoa. ICN2 is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. This study was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and Generalitat de Catalunya.The broad implementation of thermoelectricity requires high-performance and low-cost materials. One possibility is employing surfactant-free solution synthesis to produce nanopowders. We propose the strategy of functionalizing "naked" particles' surface by inorganic molecules to control the nanostructure and, consequently, thermoelectric performance. In particular, we use bismuth thiolates to functionalize surfactant-free SnTe particles' surfaces. Upon thermal processing, bismuth thiolates decomposition renders SnTe-BiS nanocomposites with synergistic functions: 1) carrier concentration optimization by Bi doping; 2) Seebeck coefficient enhancement and bipolar effect suppression by energy filtering; and 3) lattice thermal conductivity reduction by small grain domains, grain boundaries and nanostructuration. Overall, the SnTe-BiS nanocomposites exhibit peak z T up to 1.3 at 873 K and an average z T of ≈0.6 at 300-873 K, which is among the highest reported for solution-processed SnTe

Disparate Information Provided by Pulse Wave Velocity versus Other Measures of Aortic Compliance in End-Stage Renal Disease

acceptedVersionPeer reviewe