Oligodendroglioma anaplásico en el nervio óptico de un perro

Los gliomas son tumores no neuronales del tejido nervioso. En el Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) dependiendo de su origen se clasifican en astrocitomas, oligodendrogliomas, tumores mixtos (oligoastrocitomas), ependimomas y papilomas de plexos coroideos. La retina y el nervio óptico pertenecen al SNC. Aunque las neoplasias primarias de la retina y el nervio óptico son bastante infrecuentes, son los meningiomas los tumores primarios más comunes siendo los gliomas más raros

Información de actualidad en TikTok. Viralidad y entretenimiento para nativos digitales

[EN] Since its appearance in 2018, TikTok has become one of the most popular social media platforms among digital natives because of its algorithm-based engagement strategies, a policy of public accounts, and a simple, colorful, and intuitive content interface. As happened in the past with other platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, various media are currently seeking ways to adapt to TikTok and its particular characteristics to attract a younger audience less accustomed to the consumption of journalistic material. Against this background, the aim of this study is to identify the presence of the media and journalists on TikTok, measure the virality and engagement of the content they generate, describe the communities created around them, and identify the presence of journalistic use of these accounts. For this, 23,174 videos from 143 accounts belonging to media from 25 countries were analyzed. The results indicate that, in general, the presence and impact of the media in this social network are low and that most of their content is oriented towards the creation of user communities based on viral content and entertainment. However, albeit with a lesser presence, one can also identify accounts and messages that adapt their content to the specific characteristics of TikTok. Their virality and engagement figures illustrate that there is indeed a niche for current affairs on this social network.[ES] Desde su aparición en 2018, TikTok se ha convertido en una de las redes sociales preferidas por los nativos digitales, gracias a sus estrategias de engagement o enganche mediante el uso de algoritmos, una política de cuentas públicas, y una interfaz de contenidos simple, colorida e intuitiva. Al igual que ocurrió en su momento con otras plataformas como Facebook, Twitter o Instagram, diversos medios de comunicación buscan en la actualidad la manera de adaptarse a TikTok y a sus particulares características para captar a una audiencia más joven y menos acostumbrada al consumo de información periodística. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación consiste en identificar la presencia de los medios de comunicación y periodistas en TikTok, medir la viralidad y el enganche de los contenidos que generan, describir las comunidades que se crean a su alrededor e identificar la presencia de usos periodísticos en estas cuentas. Para ello se han analizado 23.174 vídeos de 143 cuentas pertenecientes a medios de comunicación de 25 países. Los resultados indican que, con carácter general, la presencia y el impacto de los medios de comunicación en esta red social es baja, y que la mayoría de los contenidos se orientan hacia la creación de comunidades de usuarios sobre la base de contenidos virales y de entretenimiento. Sin embargo, aunque su presencia es menor, pueden identificarse asimismo cuentas y mensajes que adaptan sus contenidos a las características específicas de TikTok que por sus cifras de viralidad y enganche muestran que existe un nicho para la información de actualidad en esta red social.This work is part of the project “Noticias, redes y usuarios en el sistema híbrido de medios” (RTI2018-095775-B-C41), financed by Plan Nacional del I+D+i, of the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades and by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by Grupo de Investigación del Gobierno Vasco “Gureiker” (IT- 1112)

Defining risk factors associated with difficult peripheral venous Cannulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Peripheral venous catheterization is a common technique in hospitals which is not always successful, resulting in multiple punctures and degradation of the vessels. This scenario, which we have termed 'difficult peripheral venous access', is associated to delays in care, obtention of samples or diagnosis, as well as a higher use of central catheters. This study intends to identify risk factors associated to the incidence of 'difficult peripheral venous access' in adults at hospital. We designed a systematic review of published studies (protocol PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018089160). We conducted structured electronic searches using key words and specific vocabulary, as well as directed searches in several databases. After validity analysis, we selected 7 studies with observational methodology. We found great variability in the definition of 'difficult peripheral venous access' and in the variables proposed as risk factors. Statistically significant factors through studies include demographic and anthropometric variables (gender, Body Mass Index), as well as medical and health conditions (diabetes, renal insufficiency, parenteral drug abuse, cancer chemotherapy), together with variables related to the vein or vascular access (vein visibility and palpability, vessel diameter, previous history of difficulty). Some studies have also considered variables related to the professional performing the technique. Meta-analyses were carried out for gender and obesity as potential risk factors. Only obesity appeared as a statistically significant risk factor with OR of 1.48; 95% CI (1.03 to 1.93; p = 0.016). Methodological heterogeneity prevented the development of further meta-analyses. It is essential to design future studies with diverse hospital populations, in which a wide selection of potential risk factors can be studied in a unique analysis. Our work identifies the most relevant variables that should be included in those studies

Networks and Stories. Analyzing the Transmission of the Feminist Intangible Cultural Heritage on Twitter

This article belongs to the Special Issue of Big Data Cogn.Comput.= "Big Data Analytics for Cultural Heritage"Internet social media is a key space in which the memorial resources of social movements, including the stories and knowledge of previous generations, are organised, disseminated, and reinterpreted. This is especially important for movements such as feminism, which places great emphasis on the transmission of an intangible cultural legacy between its different generations or waves, which are conformed through these cultural transmissions. In this sense, several authors have highlighted the importance of social media and hashtivism in shaping the fourth wave of feminism that has been taking place in recent years (e.g., #metoo). The aim of this article is to present to the scientific community a hybrid methodological proposal for the network and content analysis of audiences and their interactions on Twitter: we will do so by describing and evaluating the results of different research we have carried out in the field of feminist hashtivism. Structural analysis methods such as social network analysis have demonstrated their capacity to be applied to the analysis of social media interactions as a mixed methodology, that is, both quantitative and qualitative. This article shows the potential of a specific methodological process that combines inductive and inferential reasoning with hypothetico-deductive approaches. By applying the methodology developed in the case studies included in the article, it is shown that these two modes of reasoning work best when they are used together.This research was funded by Basque Government grant number IT-1112

The shallow water equations and their application to realistic cases

The numerical modelling of 2D shallow flows in complex geometries involving transient flow and movable boundaries has been a challenge for researchers in recent years. There is a wide range of physical situations of environmental interest, such as flow in open channels and rivers, tsunami and flood modelling, that can be mathematically represented by first-order non-linear systems of partial differential equations, whose derivation involves an assumption of the shallow water type. Shallow water models may include more sophisticated terms when applied to cases of not pure water floods, such as mud/debris floods, produced by landslides. Mud/debris floods are unsteady flow phenomena in which the flow changes rapidly, and the properties of the moving fluid mixture include stop and go mechanisms. The present work reports on a numerical model able to solve the 2D shallow water equations even including bed load transport over erodible bed in realistic situations involving transient flow and movable flow boundaries. The novelty is that it offers accurate and stable results in realistic problems since an appropriate discretization of the governing equations is performed. Furthermore, the present work is focused on the importance of the computational cost. Usually, the main drawback is the high computational effort required for obtaining accurate numerical solutions due to the high number of cells involved in realistic cases. However, the proposed model is able to reduce computer times by orders of magnitude making 2D applications competitive and practical for operational flood prediction. Moreover our results show that high performance code development can take advantage of general purpose and inexpensive Graphical Processing Units, allowing to run almost 100 times faster than old generation codes in some cases

Características y funciones para marcas de lugar a partir de un método Delphi

[ES] Introducción. La representación de territorios mediante el uso de marcas es una cuestión recurrente en la sociedad contemporánea que vivimos. Este artículo tiene por objetivo principal determinar algunas de las características y funciones que presentan las marcas asociadas a espacios geográficos. Metodología. Se ha optado por una investigación cualitativa vehiculada a partir de un método Delphi conformado por un panel de catorce expertos en marcas de lugar. Resultados. En relación con las marcas comerciales, se constata que las marcas de lugar, por su naturaleza de bien público, requieren de una gestión más compleja, preferentemente a tres niveles: administración pública, organizaciones privadas y ciudadanía. Conclusiones. En función de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que la gestión de los lugares se encuentra nuevamente ocupada en la proyección de identidades espaciales singulares, en el marco de una creciente competencia entre territorios.Introduction. Representation of territories through brands is a recurring issue in today’s modern society. The aim of this article is to establish certain characteristics and functions pertaining to brands linked to geographical areas. Methodology. The decision was made to conduct qualitative research based on a Delphi method comprising a panel of fourteen place branding experts. Results. In relation to commercial brands, it is found that, since they are publicly owned, place brands call for more complex management, preferably on three levels: public administration, private organisations and citizens. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that management of places centres on the projection of unique, spatial identities on the context of increasing competition between territories

Depth of the brittle-ductile transition in the Betic-Rif belt and Alboran Sea crust

A three dimensional rheological model has been developed in the Betic-Rif and Alboran Sea region to characterize the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) in the upper crust; calculating a multiple set of regularlyspaced strength profiles based on a synthetic 3D lithospheric structure that gathers most of the available geological and geophysical data in the region. This is the first numerical modelling calculated in the region, for either compressional or tensional tectonic regimes, to characterize the rheological layering of the crust in the Betic-Rifean belt. The model results in a BDT topology highly constrained by the lithospheric thickness. The upper-crust brittle domain gets thinnest in the East Alboran Basin and the transition to the South Balearic Basin (7 and 6 km for tensional and compressional tectonic regimes), and becomes thicker westwards, getting the major values in the West Alboran Basin, near the Gibraltar Arc (18-16 km). In the onshore Betics, the BDT deeps towards the NW, with a general trend that results to be oblique to the shore line and to the main orientation of the mountain ranges, with a maximum value in the Southiberian Domain (~15-12 km) continued by a gently thinning of the brittle domain towards the Iberian forelan