Toma de decisiones bajo riesgo. Decisiones secuenciales. Ejemplos de aplicación en la gestión de empresas

El análisis de las decisiones se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial para analizar una gran variedad de modelos de administración en las empresas.La toma de decisiones es una constante del día a día tanto personal como de la empresa, y mientras que algunas decisiones no tienen consecuencias importantes a largo plazo, otras pueden ser el detonante para dirigirnos hacia el éxito o el fracaso.Como ya sabemos, toda información y conocimiento, por muy insignificante que sea a priori, es clave para realizar una buena gestión y supone una aportación a la hora de tomar las mejores decisiones en el mundo empresarial. Aquí analizaremos modelos de decisión, basados en la cantidad de información disponible en cada caso y acompañados de diferentes criterios de decisión. Presentaremos la estructura de la teoría de decisiones a través de los diferentes modelos de decisión que existen, haciendo especial hincapié en las decisiones bajo riesgo. También nos adentraremos en el mundo de los árboles de decisión, que suponen una herramienta complementaria muy provechosa a la hora de analizar una secuencia de decisiones con eventos inciertos

On the Assessment of Fitness to Drive: Steering and Brake Operative Forces

[EN] The Directive (EU) 2015/653 aimed at facilitating that the maximum force that any disabled driver could make on the vehicle's primary controls could be adjusted to their needs. The technical adjustment in the vehicle's design requires a measurement of the operational forces applied by the driver on the steering and brake controls, in order to determine its functional capacity during the execution of driving maneuvers. The objective of this paper is to define the steering and braking operative forces used for driving current market M1 motor vehicles for the ¿fitness to drive assessment of drivers with physical disabilities. A total of 200 trials were performed with 17 different vehicles and 26 drivers. The results obtained help to define a new threshold's criteria for operative forces onto the steering and braking systems for adapting motor vehicles to disabled drivers. The main contribution of this paper consist on a new technical recommendations about the use of code 20.07 -braking- and 40.01 -steering- to be used in the ¿fitness to drive assessment of driver with disabilities according to Directive (EU) 2015/653 requirements.This work involved human subjects or animals in its research. Approval of all ethical and experimental procedures and protocols was granted by the UPV Ethical Committee at a session celebrated on June 18, 2019, under Reference No. P5_18_06_19.Dols Ruiz, JF.; Girbés-Juan, V.; Jiménez, I. (2021). On the Assessment of Fitness to Drive: Steering and Brake Operative Forces. IEEE Access. 9:134682-134694. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3116080134682134694

Comparing the fundamental limit of detection for interferometric and resonant biosensors with coherent phase read-out

We compare the limit of detection of coherently interrograted photonic biosensors, using both interferometric and resonant architectures.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Los swap deuda-naturaleza : estado del arte

En este trabajo se aborda el análisis de los swaps deuda/naturaleza como una forma de financiar la conservación del medio ambiente y desde aquí apoyar al desarrollo sostenible de un país en vías de desarrollo. Se estudian sus mecanismos básicos, sus tipos, su estructura, algunos ejemplos ilustrativos, y sus posibles problemas. ____________________________________________In this paper, we show the analysis of debt/nature swaps as a way of financing the environment conservation and, hence, to support the sustainable development of a developing country. Its basic mechanisms, types, structure, some interesting examples and potential problems are also studied

An Expert System to Improve the Energy Efficiency of the Reaction Zone of a Petrochemical Plant

Energy is the most important cost factor in the petrochemical industry. Thus, energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. This work describes the development of an expert system for the improvement of this efficiency of the reaction zone of a petrochemical plant. This system has been developed after a data mining process of the variables registered in the plant. Besides, a kernel of neural networks has been embedded in the expert system. A graphical environment integrating the proposed system was developed in order to test the system. With the application of the expert system, the energy saving on the applied zone would have been about 20%.Junta de Andalucía TIC-570

The case law of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Libya following the Arab uprisings: Lessons learned for the consolidation and legitimation of the Court

This article examines the two cases brought before the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights following the Libyan uprising in 2011: African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (Benghazi) v Libya and African Commission (Saif al-Islam Gaddafi) v Libya. These two cases mark three ‘firsts’: the first time for the African Commission to transfer a case to the African Court; the first order for provisional measures by the Court; and the first time the Court rendered a judgment by default. This study reveals that although the Court has taken significant steps in terms of its consolidation and legitimation, substantive and procedural challenges in its functioning remain. Moreover, the authors argue that the political divisions within the African Union diminished the Court’s potential impact on the Libyan crisis

Robustness and capabilities of ultrashort laser pulses characterization with amplitude swing

[EN]In this work we firstly study the influence of different parameters in the temporal characterization of ultrashort laser pulses with the recently developedamplitude swing technique. In this technique, the relative amplitude of two delayed replicas is varied while measuring their second-harmonic spectra. Herewe study the retrieval of noisy traces and the implications of having different delays or phase retardations (relative phases)between the two replicas. Then, we study the capability of the technique to characterize the pulses when the second-harmonic signal is spectrally uncalibrated or incomplete, presenting the analytical calculation of the marginal, which is used to calibrate the traces and to perform the pulse retrievals. We experimentally show the retrieval of different pulses using diverse delays and phase retardationsto perform the amplitude swing trace and demonstrate that, from an uncalibrated trace, both the pulse informationandthe response of the nonlinear process can be simultaneously retrieved.In sum, the amplitude swing technique is shown to be very robust against experimental constraints and limitations, showing a high degree of soundness.Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (FIS2017-87970-R, EQC2018-004117-P), Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León (SA287P18) and FEDER Funds, Fundación General de la Universidad de Salamanca (PC_TCUE18-20_020)

Capitalismo y pueblos indígenas en el Chaco argentino: formas y determinaciones de una subjetividad productiva

Los pueblos indígenas del Chaco argentino constituyen una población trabajadora desplazada de la producción rural, al encontrarse cada vez más en exceso relativo para los requerimientos del capital. Este trabajo se propone abordar el proceso de progresiva mutilación de sus atributos productivos, a partir de desplegar sus determinaciones generales hasta alcanzar las formas concretas específicas con que estas se realizan en el caso considerado. Para ello partimos de desarrollar las determinaciones materiales del trabajo como condición inherente a la vida humana, avanzando luego sobre la determinación de la subjetividad productiva humana propia del modo de producción capitalista. Nos enfrentamos así a la privación, impuesta sobre porciones significativas de la población trabajadora, del ejercicio de su capacidad para participar activamente en el proceso de producción y consumo social. Seguidamente desplegamos las expresiones que encuentra la mutilación de los atributos de los indígenas como sujetos del proceso de trabajo: la limitación en su participación -como productores independientes y trabajadores estacionales- en los distintos cultivos, la caída del salario, la venta de los productos del trabajo doméstico por debajo de su valor, su constitución generalizada en beneficiarios de programas sociales de asistencia.

Hard Metal Production by ERS: Processing Parameter Roles in Final Properties

Cemented carbide is a hard composite material, used widely in a variety of industries. The value of the global tungsten carbide market is expected to grow by 4.4% (compound annual growth rate) from 2017 to 2022. One of the main markets is in metal cutting and wear parts, where small pieces (or inserts), a few grams in weight, are used. Field-assisted sintering technique (FAST) technologies allow for the production of small blanks in a single step from powder, which are near final dimensions. Production cycles are very short. In this paper, one of the FAST processes, the ERS technology, is applied to obtain WC10Co parts. A review of the process variable effects on the final properties of the parts is accomplished. Final properties of a range of conventionally produced inserts are obtained, using 100 MPa compacting pressure, 80 MA/m2 of current density, and processing times of around 800 ms.This research was funded by EU, grant number FoF.NMP.2013-10 608729 (7th Framework Programme) EFFIPRO