Traducciones árabes de la Biblia

The article deals with the Arabic translations from the Bible made after the arrival of Islam. The study is organized according to the three languages, Hebrew, Greek and Syriac, on which the translations are based, and according to the Samarian tradition. I enumerate the Arabic manuscripts that I have located in the various libraries.El artículo trata de la las versiones árabes de la Biblia hechas después de la llegada del Islam. Las traducciones árabes son estudiadas según las lenguas de origen, hebrea, griega, siríaca, que son la base de la lectura ahora vigente, y según la línea samaritana. Enumero los manuscritos árabes que he localizado en las distintas bibliotecas

Mısır Yönetimine Karşı Suriye’de Alevilerin İsyanı (1834-1835)

Nachdem sie jahrhundertelang unter der Herrschaft des Osmanischen Reiches gelebt haben, hat die Geschichte der Aleviten in Syrien in den Jahren von 1834-1835 eine wichtige Etappe bezeugt, als die Aleviten gegen die ägyptische Administration rebelliert haben. In dieser Arbeit wurde das Leben der Aleviten in Syrien vorgestellt, die unter der osmanischen Herrschaft gelebt haben, bis 1832 als Teil der neuen Periode der ägyptischen Administration in Syrien Muhammed Ali Paşa die Kontrolle erlangte. Gleichzeitig wurden in der Arbeit die Ursachen für den Aufstand der Aleviten gegen die Ägypter im Jahr 1834 untersucht: Entwaffnung, Zwangswehrdienst, Baumwoll verarbeitungsmaschinen und das Abholzen von Wäldern und Fällen von Bäumen. Die Arbeit behandelt zusätzlich zu Operationen der alevitischen Rebellen zur Kontrolle der Territorien wie den Yunus-Aufstand, Raubüberfälle, die Entlassung von Gefangenen und die Exekution von drusischen Soldaten, auch die ersten Anfänge des Aufstandes und die diesbezüglich wichtigsten Ereignisse. Gleichzeitig werden auch die Anstrengungen der ägyptischen Verantwortlichen zur Unterdrückung des Aufstandes vor Augen geführt. Die Arbeit erörtert auch das Problem, dass alevitische Frauen verkauft wurden, die Reaktion Ägyptens hierauf und wie die Osmanen auf diesen Aufstand als Ganzes reagierten. Es wurden auch die Gründe hinter dem Scheitern des Aufstandes diskutiert. Im Schlussteil wurden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit überprüft. Diese Arbeit basiert sowohl auf den Quellen, die diesen Aufstand aus Sicht seiner Umstände und der Gründe seines Scheiterns analysieren, als auch auf vielen zeitgenössischen arabischen Dokumenten, die die Details der Rebellionen aufgezeichnet haben. Solchen Untersuchungen entsprechend wurde in dieser Arbeit zusammen mit der historisch-beschreibenden Methode soweit möglich die analytische Methode verwendet.The history of Alawites in Syria witnessed an important stage, when they rebelled against Egyptian rule 1834-1835, after centuries of living under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. This research deals with an introduction to the Alawites and their lives in Syria during the period of Ottoman rule until Muhammad Ali Pasha took control as part of starting a new era of Egyptian rule in Syria in 1832. This research also examines the reasons for the rebellion of the Alawites against the Egyptians in 1834: Disarm, Military Conscription, Cotton Press Machine, and Cutting Down Forests and Trees. The research also deals with the first beginnings of the rebellion and the most important events therein, in addition to the operations of the Alawite rebels in controlling the territories involved including Yunus rebellion, the robberies, the release of prisoners, and the execution of Druze soldiers. This is while also considering the efforts made by the Egyptian authorities to suppress the rebellion. The research also deals with the problem of the selling of Alawites women, the Egyptian reaction to it, and how the Ottomans dealt with the rebellion as a whole. The reasons behind the rebellion’s failure have also been discussed. The conclusion addresses the most important results of this research. This research relied on many contemporary Arab documents that recorded the details of the events of the rebellion, in addition to recent references that approach the rebellion through a form of analysis in terms of the circumstances of the rebellion and the reasons for its failure. This research is based on a descriptive historical method and the analytical method as much as possible, which is appropriate for this type of research.Yüzyıllardır Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun egemenliği altında yaşadıktan sonra, Suriye’deki Alevilerin tarihi 1834-1835 yıllarında Mısır yönetimine karşı isyan ettiklerinde önemli bir aşamaya tanıklık etti. Bu çalışmada, 1832’de Suriye’de Mısır yönetiminin yeni bir dönemin başlamasının bir parçası olarak Muhammed Ali Paşa’nın kontrolü ele geçirmesine kadar Osmanlı hakimiyeti boyunca Alevilerin ve onların Suriye’deki yaşamları tanıtılmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışmada 1834 yılında Mısırlılara karşı Alevilerin isyanının nedenleri de incelenmiştir: Silahsızlanma, zorunlu askerlik, pamuk baskı makinesi ve orman ve ağaçların kesilmesi. Çalışma, Yunus isyanı, soygunlar, mahkumların serbest bırakılması ve Dürzi askerlerin infazı gibi Alevi isyancıların toprakların kontrol edilmesindeki operasyonlarına ek olarak isyanın ilk başlangıçlarını ve buradaki en önemli olayları ele almaktadır. Aynı zamanda Mısırlı yetkililerin isyanı bastırmak için sarf ettikleri çabalar da göz önünde bulundurulmaktadır. Çalışmada Alevi kadınların satılması sorunu, Mısır’ın buna tepkisi ve Osmanlıların bu isyanı bir bütün olarak nasıl ele aldığı üzerinde de durulmaktadır. İsyanın başarısızlığının ardındaki nedenler de tartışılmıştır. Sonuç kısmında bu çalışmanın en önemli sonuçları irdelenmiştir. İsyanın koşulları ve başarısızlığının nedenleri açısından bu isyanı analiz eden yeni kaynaklarla birlikte bu çalışma isyanların ayrıntılarını kaydeden pek çok çağdaş Arap belgesine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada bu tür araştırmalara uygun olarak tarihsel betimleyici yöntem ile birlikte mümkün olduğunca analitik yöntem kullanılmıştır

Social and Economic Characteristics of AIDS Patient in Jordan A Descriptive Field Study

This study aims to identify the status of AIDS patients in Jordan and their social and economic characteristics through detecting number of the cases and ways of contracting this disease The patients were classified according to age gender place of contracting the disease and their origin The study came with the following result

CLOUD COMPUTING AND ITS EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE EXCELLENCE AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN EGYPT (AN ANALYTICAL STUDY)

This period is marked by current financial crisis and challenges related to many growing needs. Consequently, universities are facing problems in providing necessary information technology (IT) support for fulfilling excellence in performance. More specifically, the best practices of Cloud Computing need to be considered within higher education institutions. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating cloud computing, in terms of: (1) definition; (2) its most important principles; (3) models; and (4) benefits of its use to fulfill performance excellence in higher education institutions. This involves shedding light on cloud computing models and the possibility of its use in higher education institutions, and exploring the effect of using cloud computing in achieving performance excellence there. Additionally, the study aimed at clarifying the challenges and obstacles that face cloud computing. To reach these objectives, the researchers employed a qualitative research methodology for collecting and analyzing data. The study concluded some results, most important of which are: (1) there is a significant relationship between cloud computing and excellence of performance as cloud computing mainly aims at achieving tasks quickly with the least effort and cost. Personnel, customers, innovation and leadership are the core elements to achieve excellence in higher education institutions, and are major components of cloud computing. These positive results support the use of Cloud-Computing solutions in universities and improving knowledge in this field and providing a practical guide adaptable to the university structure

Utilization of Batteries in The Momentary Load Variations of a Cruise Ship

The shipping and cruising industry is considered one of the most important and cheapest transportation, however, it is considered responsible for almost 2.89% of global emissions in 2018. Due to the new regulations provided by IMO, the need to reduce fuel consumption and emissions from the shipping industry becomes imperative. Several technologies have been applied to achieve those challenges, but the main focus of this thesis will be on the utilization of batteries as one of the most promising energy storage technologies, to handle the load variation rather than the operation of the auxiliary diesel engines at an economical loading range. In cruise ship applications, the auxiliary diesel engines are utilized to supply the power required for the auxiliary loads and thruster motors, usually, thruster motors operate close to harbors. So, to ensure power availability, the auxiliary diesel engines usually run at low loading levels. The optimum operating point for the diesel engines is at 80% of loading, if that percentage decreases, both fuel consumption, and NOx emissions increased exponentially, moreover, the engine’s lifetime will be reduced and more maintenance will be required. By utilizing batteries, it will be capable of providing the required power for the operation of thruster motors or during peak loading periods rather than the operation of all available auxiliary diesel engines at low loading levels. The presented study focused on four different scenarios with different battery-pack sizes, showing the space required for each scenario and the operating profile of each diesel engine indicating the fuel consumption with and without the presence of batteries. The first scenario utilized a 940-kWh battery pack, which increased the efficiency of the running engines close to the optimum operating level. The last scenario utilized a 3240-kWh battery pack, which enables the shutdown of the auxiliary engines during the operation of thruster motors or peak loading. By using the large battery model scenario, half the number of diesel engines will not be required in the future new builds of a cruise ship. This will not only improve the fuel consumption efficiency and reduce emissions, moreover, the maintenance and overall build cost will also be reduced. Technical and economic analysis is presented showing the payback period of the batteries with different fuel and battery price options. The payback period is highly affected by the saving associated with fuel costs and the price of batteries

Isolation, Identification Bacteria and Bioremediation of Soil Contaminate Crude Oil from Specific Area (Baiji_Iraq)

In this paper new eight types of bacteria that degrading crude oil were isolated. The isolated were from Baiji, near Tikrit, the center of Salah al-Din Governorate, IRAQ. The nucleotide sequences of the 16rRNA gene revealed that these isolates belong to the genus Bacillus, Cytobacillus and Staphylococcus. These isolated bacteria proved their ability to degradation petroleum hydrocarbons with varying effectiveness, as Cytobacillus firmus IBMA1 bacteria proved 98% effective in degrading hydrocarbons among the mineral salts in petroleum, Bacillus cereus IBMA3 showed a capacity to crack oil compounds by 92% in the medium of SMS mineral salts agar and Bacillus zhangzhouensis IBMA4 showed a cracking ability of 90% for the compounds present in crude oil. The other bacteria degraded petroleum compound with different rates. Based on it, three species that are big destroyers were taken to bioremediate crude oil containment soil from the same polluted site. The capacity of each basin is 10 kg. Each basin was treated with one type of bacteria over a period of two months.  Then also, gas chromatography (GC) was used for soil samples after one and two months of treatment. The experiment was conducted from 17/2/2022 to 17/4/2022. The biological treatment was done using bacteria and contaminated soil. The results showed that IBMA1 bacteria have a great ability to consume PAHs with a consumption rate of 60.365% and that the lowest concentration of the remaining aromatic hydrocarbons was (6.5ppm), while IBMA3 bacteria showed their ability to consume PAHs with an average of 52.217% within two months. From the treatment, the lowest concentration of the remaining aromatic hydrocarbons was (9ppm) and IBMA4 bacteria showed the minimum ability to consume polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with a consumption rate of 44.65% as an average consumption, and the lowest remaining concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons were by (12ppm), while the average consumption of compounds during the two-month treatment period was 39.280%, and the results of the statistical analysis show the superiority of soil treatment with IBMA1 bacteria over IBMA3 bacteria and IBMA4 bacteria at the probability of  P≤0.01

The Moderating Role of Type of University in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Supply Chain Management: Evidence from Universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract- This paper aims to explore the extent to which the type of university affects the link between transformational leadership and supply chain management (SCM), in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This paper uses quantitative methods to study the link between the main variables. The data were gathered from 611 lecturers in 14 public and 11 private universities in the Kurdistan Region. SmartPLS3 was used to evaluate measurement model and structural model. The results show a significant correlation between transformational leadership and readiness for change. Smart PLS results show that type of university were found to not have an effect on the correlation between these two variables. This paper contributes to existing literature by presenting a more complete understanding for practitioners and researchers of the potential effect of transformational leadership during organisational change by investigating its effect on the readiness for change by the moderating role of type of university

Determination of Doxycycline Hyclate by Batch and Reverse Flow Injection Analysis Based on the Oxidative Coupling Reaction with 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone Hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH)

New, simple and sensitive batch and reverse FIA spectrophotometric methods for the determination of doxycycline hyclate in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations were proposed. These methods based on oxidative coupling reaction between doxycycline hyclate and 3-methylbenzothiazolinone-2-hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH) in the presence ammonium ceric sulfate in acidic medium, to form green water-soluble dye that is stable and has a maximum absorbance at 626 nm. A calibration graph shows that a Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 1-80 and 0.5-110 ?g.mL-1 of DCH for the batch and rFIA respectively with detection limit of 0.325 ?g.mL-1 of DCH for r-FIA methods. All different chemicals and physical experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the colored product were carefully studied. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of DCH in pharmaceutical preparations

The Cognitive Style (Focusing-Scanning) among Al-Quds University Students

This study aims to explore the cognitive style (focusing - scanning) among Al-Quds University students. A descriptive approach was used to achieve this objective. The study population included the first-term student of Al-Quds University for the academic year (2019/2020). The sample of the research consisted of (262) students who were selected using the Stratified Random Method. The validity and reliability of the study instrument were assessed. The findings showed that there were differences due to the gender in favor of females towards focusing, and to the faculty variable in favor of the faculty of Science towards focusing, the findings also revealed differences attributed to (GPA) in favor of the average (70-80). Importantly, the findings found no differences were attributed to the educational level, and that confirming the need to pay more attention to develop the cognitive styles of focusing for all university students as they affect positively the level of learning and education

Text Messaging in English and Arabic with Reference to Translation

In the twenty-first century, many people now live their lives through text messaging. In fact, you can witness people using their cell phones to send character-based messages to their friends, classmates, family members, and coworkers in malls, schools, and pretty much anywhere else. The popularity of this method of communication has increased particularly among young people. One benefit is that technology enables people to speak with others virtually anywhere. Second, it enables individuals to speak softly, which is useful in noisy places like bars, where it would be challenging to have a productive conversation over the phone, or when extraneous communication needs to be done quietly, such as in a school. Thirdly, it combines some of the advantages of phone and email communication by allowing them to communicate both synchronously (i.e., two-way communication occurs concurrently) and asynchronously (i.e., two-way communication is delayed). The usage of acronyms, abbreviations, and other shorthand notations has become commonplace in this technology's creation of a new language form. The focus of this research is on these qualities specifically and how they are used. The aim of this study was to analyze not only how frequently but also how these symbolic expressions are used in relation to the linguistic functions that they signal, which was followed by a number of discoveries