Outcome of laparoscopic Ovarian drilling in anovulatory infertility associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of world wild endocrine problem ,affecting women during their  reproductive life . 75%of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) complain from infertility due to Anovulatory  dysfunction   , together with menstrual abnormality  and signs &symptoms of hyper andorganism.. One of the second line of treatment is Laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) that used to induce ovulation in women with PCOS . Objective: To assess the effectiveness of LOD surgery  in management of PCOS related  to an ovulation , menstrual regularity and failure of conception. Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 47female  had  previously tried  multiple  drugs  for stimulation of   ovulation for conception, and undergo surgery by laparoscope  ovarian drilling   for period  between 1st of  May 2011 to  15 th of  May 2016,  At  private hospital with follow –up for 1 year . Results: Surgical  ovarian drilling by laparoscopy  was successfully done without    any surgical or anesthetic   problems , and follow-up  the patient for 1 year    .  There were significant   decrease (P<0.05) in LH,  prolactine  and Testosterone  hormones levels with significant     increase in the hormonal  level of Progesterone following the LOD procedure compared to before the drilling. (70.2% ) of the patient start again  to had ordinary regular   menstrual cycle and( 61.70% )  establish  to ovulate  spontaneously while only (48.93%)  has been conceived. Conclusion: Laparoscopic ovarian drilling appear as   an efficacious  and  safe  second line treatment for PCOS  women with Clomphine acetate  failure , anovulatory  dysfunction    and  may achieve  immediate correction of  the patient s endocrinology  with increase ovulation and pregnancy rates.

Effect of Sex Education Program on Knowledge of Secondary School Girls in El- Beheira Governorate

Background: Lack of knowledge about sexual matters among adolescents’ leads to pre- marital unprotected sexual indulgence, results in sexual transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS, illegitimate teenage pregnancy, sexual abuse, violence and exploitation. Aim of study: Is to evaluate the effect of sex education program on knowledge of secondary school girls in El- Beheira Governorate. Hypothesis secondary school girls who attend sex education program exhibits better knowledge than those who don’t attend it. Material and Methods: Experimental study design was assumed. Settings: The study was executed at five secondary schools for girls in El- Beheira Governorate that were selected by multistage random sample technique. Subjects: 120 girl students were chosen randomly, these were randomized into 60 girl students for study groups and 60 girl students for control groups. Tools: two tools were developed by the researchers for data collection.  The first tool was concerned with Socio-demographic characteristics, and the second tool was to assess the knowledge of girl students before and after the sex education program. Results: Among study groups, the program created a positive effect on general information about sexuality (p= 0.001), anatomy and physiology of male reproductive system (p= 0.001), anatomy and physiology of female reproductive system (p= 0.214), fertilization/ conception (p= 0.042), and contraception (p= 0.417). Conclusion and Recommendations: After implementation of the sex education program, a positive improvement on knowledge of study group was apparent: So, this study recommended Sex education topics should be implemented in the curriculum of school and college, and teachers should actively participate in sex education program. Keywords: sex education, reproductive health, and sexuality

Financial Leverage and its Relationship to Prediction of Financial Failure an Experimental Analytical Study of a Sample of Iraqi Private Banking Sector Banks for the Period 2014-2022

The survival, continuity and growth of business organizations, whether they are productive or service, such as financial institutions, including (banks) in their environments, is attributed to the extent of their success or failure in their commercial activities due to the dynamic and evolving environment produced by globalization, as well as the policies related to financial liberalization and openness, so it has become imperative for the managements of those banks to It works to face these financial challenges and risks, represented by the increase in its fixed costs in its productive activities, as well as the lack of funds necessary to meet its obligations towards its creditors, which forces it to take the right decisions to enhance its financial position, including the use of financial leverage to rely on public debt funds in its business to achieve its successes by entering investment projects and generating Profits for their owners to cover their fixed costs and pay their dues to creditors, and it is no secret that the process of expanding the debt without well-studied plans will lead to bankruptcy and then to its financial failure soon, and the process of predicting the financial failure of financial institutions is necessary due to the benefits it achieves that make benefiting from these effects The negative and economic effects of these challenges as a warning bell for the work of the departments of those banks.Among those methods and means taken by its departments is the use of the Altman (1968) model, which adopted the mathematical formula (z-score) through its application to some financial ratios. The study relied on conducting two processes of analysis and testing on the Bank of Baghdad of the Iraqi private banking sector for the purpose of determining the extent of its success, survival, growth and continuity in its work environment or failure. It included the financial and statistical analyzes of its data for the period from (2014-2022). After completing the two analyzes and testing, a number of conclusions were drawn up, the most prominent of which was the existence of a good significant relationship between the two variables (financial leverage and prediction of financial failure). The study came out with it, perhaps the most important of which are two basic aspects: the first is the need for banks to adopt plans that work to cover their credit activities in an efficient manner that works to make the most of their assets and that they do not use financial leverage except within certain limits (when exposed to financial hardship) that would reduce their fixed costs and generate It has profits to cover the resulting interests of loans and advances and to obtain profits for its permanence and growth in the work environment, and if it expands in the public debt, it will lead to failure, and the second is that its plans include using the aforementioned model to know the strength or weakness of its credit position to be remedied

Determination of fungal and parasitic infections caused vaginitis: molecular identification of Candida parapsilosis in Al-Nasiriyah city, Iraq

هدفت الدراسة الحالية لتحديد انتشار طفيلي Trichomonas vaginalis وفطريات Candida spp. وكذلك التعرف عن Candida parapsilosis وبعض جينات الضراوة. اجريت هذه الدراسة في مستشفى بنت الهدى للولادة والاطفال في محافظة ذي قار, جنوب العراق للفترة من بداية شهر كانون الثاني الى نهاية شهر كانون الاول 2020. تم جمع 250 عينة من المنطقة التناسلية الانثوية لنساء تتراوح اعمارهم من17-50 سنة. استخدم كل من التشخيص المجهري والتقليدي والجزيئي في فحص العينة. سجلت النتائج 12 (4.8%) عينة مصابة بطفيلي T. vaginalis, بينما 130 (52%) عينة اظهرت مصابة بـ Candida spp. والتي توزعت كالاتي: 75 (30%) C. albicans, 20 (8%) C. krusei, 14 (5.6%) C. parapsilosisas, 11 (4.4%) C. glabrata و 10 (4%) C. tropicalis. ظهر جين 18S rRNA  في كل عينات C. parapsilosisas التي اكدت مع الفحوصات الكيموحيوية ووسط CHROM. لوحظت الجينات cph1  و hwp1 في كل عزلات C. parapsilosis بنسبة (100%), بينما جينات sap1 و plb1 ظهرت مع نسب مختلفة (64.3%, 57.1%) على التوالي. اعتمادا على تحليل الشجرة التطورية, كان هناك تغاير جيني خفيف بين تتابعات العزلات المحلية مقارنة مع السلالات المسجله عالميا. اكدت الدراسة الحالية ان جين 18S rRNA يمتلك حساسية عالية في تشخيص C. parapsilosis. ان ظهور او غياب و/او وجود التغاير الجيني في بعض جينات الضراوة قد يسبب اعراض سريرية مختلفة.The current study aims to determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida spp., and also to identify Candida parapsilosis and some virulence genes. It was conducted in Bint Al-Hoda Hospital of Maternity and Children in Thi-Qar province, south of Iraq for the period from the beginning of January to the end of December 2020. Two hundred and fifty samples were collected from the female genital tract for women whose age ranged between 17-50 years. Microscopic, traditional and molecular tests were used in the sample examination. The results recorded 12 (4.8%) samples infected with T. vaginalis parasite, whereas 130 (52%) samples showed Candida yeast distributed as follows: 75 (30 %) C. albicans, 20 (8%) C. krusei, 14 (5.6%) C. parapsilosisas, 11 (4.4 %) C. glabrata and 10 (4%) C. tropicalis. A 18S rRNA gene of C. parapsilosisas appeared in all samples confirmed with biochemical tests and CHROM agar Candida. The cph1 and hwp1 genes were observed in all of C. parapsilosis isolates (100%), whereas sap1 and plb1 genes showed different proportions (64.3% and 57.1%, respectively). Depending on phylogenetic analysis, there was a slight genetic variation between local isolate sequences compared with global recorded strains.  The current study confirmed that 18S rRNA gene is highly precise to identify C. parapsilosis. The appearance or absence of the genetic variation of some virulence genes may cause different clinical manifestations.

Commensal-derived OMVs elicit a mild proinflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells

Under normal physiological conditions, the intestinal immunity remains largely hyporesponsive to the commensal microbiota, yet also retains the inherent ability to rapidly respond to pathogenic antigens. However, immunomodulatory activities of extracellular products from commensal bacteria have been little studied, with previous investigations generally utilising the live bacterium to study microbiota-epithelial interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that extracellular products of a commensal bacterium, Escherichia coli C25, elicit a moderate release of proinflammatory IL-8 and stimulate transcriptional up-regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in intestinal epithelial cell lines, HT29-19A and Caco-2. Additionally, we show that removal of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) diminishes the proinflammatory effect of secreted products from E. coli C25. Furthermore, we show that isolated OMVs have a dose-dependent proinflammatory effect on IECs. Interestingly, a relatively high concentration (10x culture concentration) of OMVs had no significant regulatory effects on TLR mRNA expression in both cell lines. Finally, we also demonstrate a that pre-incubation with E. coli C25-derived OMVs subsequently inhibited the internalisation of the bacterium itself in both cell lines. Taken together, our results suggest that commensal-derived extracellular products, in particular OMVs, could significantly contribute to intestinal homeostasis. We also demonstrate a unique interaction between commensal-derived OMVs and host cells

Designing Efficient and Sustainable Predictions of Water Quality Indexes at the Regional Scale Using Machine Learning Algorithms

Water quality and scarcity are key topics considered by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), institutions, policymakers and stakeholders to guarantee human safety, but also vital to protect natural ecosystems. However, conventional approaches to deciding the suitability of water for drinking purposes are often costly because multiple characteristics are required, notably in low-income countries. As a result, building right and trustworthy models is mandatory to correctly manage available groundwater resources. In this research, we propose to check multiple classification techniques such as Decision Trees (DT), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Discriminants Analysis (DA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Ensemble Trees (ET) to design the best strategy allowing the forecast a Water Quality Index (WQI). To achieve this goal, an extended dataset characterized by water samples collected in a total of twelve municipalities of the Wilaya of Naâma in Algeria was considered. Among them, 151 samples were examined as training samples, and 18 were used to test and confirm the prediction model. Later, data samples were classified based on the WQI into four states: excellent water quality, good water quality, poor water quality, and very poor or unsafe water. The main results revealed that the SVM classifier obtained the highest forecast accuracy, with 95.4% of prediction accuracy when the data are standardized and 88.9% for the accuracy of the test samples. The results confirmed that the use of machine learning models are powerful tools for forecasting drinking water as larger scales to promote the design of efficient and sustainable water quality control and support decision-plans.This work is part of PRFU project N° E04N01CU450120220001. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the General Directorate of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGRSDT) and to Taif University Researchers Supporting Project TURSP 2020/34, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

Effects of Steel Fibers (SF) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) on Recycled Aggregate Concrete

[EN] Recycled aggregate is a good option to be used in concrete production as a coarse aggregate that results in environmental benefits as well as sustainable development. However, recycled aggregate causes a reduction in the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. On the other hand, the removal of industrial waste would be considerably decreased if it could be incorporated into concrete production. One of these possibilities is the substitution of the cement by slag, which enhances the concrete poor properties of recycled aggregate concrete as well as provides a decrease in cement consumption, reducing carbon dioxide production, while resolving a waste management challenge. Furthermore, steel fiber was also added to enhance the tensile capacity of recycled aggregate concrete. The main goal of this study was to investigate the characteristics of concrete using ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a binding material on recycled aggregate fibers reinforced concrete (RAFRC). Mechanical performance was assessed through compressive strength and split tensile strength, while durability aspects were studied through water absorption, acid resistance, and dry shrinkage. The results detected from the different experiments depict that, at an optimum dose (40% RCA, 20%GGBS, and 2.0%), compressive and split tensile strength were 39% and 120% more than the reference concrete, respectively. Furthermore, acid resistance at the optimum dose was 36% more than the reference concrete. Furthermore, decreased water absorption and dry shrinkage cracks were observed with the substitution of GGBS into RAFRC.SIThe authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through a group research program under grant number RGP. 2/129/42 and Taif University Researchers Supporting Project grant number [TURSP-2020/324]

Check This Word Out! Exploring the Factors That Affect Students’ Vocabulary Learning Using Smartphones via Partial Least Squares

A rigorous understanding of the use of Smartphones for foreign language vocabulary acquisition is crucial. Employing the technology acceptancemodel, this study aims to investigate students’ behavioural factors affecting Saudi students’ attitudes towards employing Smartphones for foreign vocabulary acquisition. Two hundred and seventy-three students studying in a preparatory year programme were surveyed. SmartPLS was employed to analyse the data obtained fromthe study’s sample. The results revealed that perceived usefulness and attitude proved to be significantly and positively related to vocabulary development. In addition, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use proved to be significant predictors of students’ attitudes towards the use of Smartphone for vocabulary learning.However, the study showed that the relationship between perceived ease of use and vocabulary development is not significant.Thus, publishers of dictionariesmay find it necessary to take into account the important role played by the design of dictionaries interfaces in facilitating the use of dictionaries in Smartphones. Furthermore, teachers and educators are encouraged to employ creative activities (e.g., word guessing games) that invest students’ use of Smartphones to learn vocabularies. Using Smartphones in learning improves interaction among students and teachers. Discussion and conclusions are also provided

Thermophysical properties of graphene-based nanofluids

Heat transfer operations are very common in the process industry to transfer a huge amount of thermal energy, i.e., heat, from one fluid to another for different purposes. Many fluids are used as heat transfer fluid (HTF), in which water is the most common HTF due to its high specific heat, availability, and affordability. However, conventional HTFs, including water, have a lower thermal conductivity, which is the most critical thermophysical property, hence decreased heat transfer efficiency. The addition of solid particles of highly thermally conductive material, specifically at nano-size, i.e., nanoparticles NPs, result in nanofluid NF, which has evolved over the last two decades as efficient HTF and have been investigated in a wide range of applications. Among NPs, graphene (Gr) based materials have shown very high potential as NF due to the very high thermal conductivity up to 5,000 W/m.K, hence higher thermal conductivity NF. This work aims to thoroughly discuss the thermophysical properties of Gr-based NFs, including thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, and viscosity. The discussion focus on the thermophysical properties as it is the ultimate determinator of the heat transfer characteristics of the HTF, such as the convective and the overall heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat transfer capacity of the NF. The discussion expands to the relative enhancement in such thermophysical properties reaching up to a 40% increase in thermal conductivity, as the most critical thermophysical property. The discussion shows that Gr-based NF has a much higher thermal conductivity relative to widely studied metal oxide NF and at much lower content, and lower density and viscosity increase, which is critical for determining the pumping power requirements. Critical challenges facing the application of Gr-based NFs such as cost, stability, increased density and viscosity, and environmental impacts are thoroughly discussed with mitigation recommendations given

Prospect of Post-Combustion Carbon Capture Technology and Its Impact on the Circular Economy

The sudden increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to the high dependency on fossil products has created the need for an urgent solution to mitigate this challenge. Global warming, which is a direct result of excessive CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, is one major issue that the world is trying to curb, especially in the 21st Century where most energy generation mediums operate using fossil products. This investigation considered a number of materials ideal for the capturing of CO2 in the post-combustion process. The application of aqueous ammonia, amine solutions, ionic liquids, and activated carbons is thoroughly discussed. Notable challenges are impeding their advancement, which are clearly expatiated in the report. Some merits and demerits of these technologies are also presented. Future research directions for each of these technologies are also analyzed and explained in detail. Furthermore, the impact of post-combustion CO2 capture on the circular economy is also presented