Dieting practices, weight perceptions, and body composition: A comparison of normal weight, overweight, and obese college females

BACKGROUND: Of concern to health educators is the suggestion that college females practice diet and health behaviors that contradict the 2005 dietary guidelines for Americans. In this regard, there remain gaps in the research related to dieting among college females. Namely, do normal weight individuals diet differently from those who are overweight or obese, and are there dieting practices used by females that can be adapted to promote a healthy body weight? Since it is well recognized that females diet, this study seeks to determine the dieting practices used among normal, overweight, and obese college females (do they diet differently) and identify dieting practices that could be pursued to help these females more appropriately achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. METHODS: A total of 185 female college students aged 18 to 24 years participated in this study. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and skinfold thickness were measured to assess body composition. Surveys included a dieting practices questionnaire and a 30-day physical activity recall. Participants were classified according to body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (n = 113), overweight (n = 35), or obese (n = 21). Data were analyzed using JMP IN® software. Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviations, and frequency. Subsequent data analysis involved Pearson X(2 )and one-way analysis of variance with comparison for all pairs that were significantly different using Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference test. RESULTS: Outcomes of this study indicate the majority of participants (83%) used dieting for weight loss and believed they would be 2% to 6% greater than current weight if they did not diet; normal weight, overweight, and obese groups perceived attractive weight to be 94%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, of current weight; 80% of participants reported using physical activity to control weight, although only 19% exercised at a level that would promote weight loss; only two of 15 dieting behaviors assessed differed in terms of prevalence of use among groups, which were consciously eating less than you want (44% normal weight, 57% overweight, 81% obese) and using artificial sweeteners (31% normal weight and overweight, 5% obese); and the most prevalent explicit maladaptive weight loss behavior was smoking cigarettes (used by 9% of participants) and most unhealthy was skipping breakfast (32%). CONCLUSION: Collectively, results indicate female college students, regardless of weight status, would benefit from open discussions with health educators regarding healthy and effective dieting practices to achieve/maintain a healthy body weight. The results are subject to replication among high school, middle-aged, and older females

Sediment source fingerprinting: benchmarking recent outputs, remaining challenges and emerging themes

Abstract: Purpose: This review of sediment source fingerprinting assesses the current state-of-the-art, remaining challenges and emerging themes. It combines inputs from international scientists either with track records in the approach or with expertise relevant to progressing the science. Methods: Web of Science and Google Scholar were used to review published papers spanning the period 2013–2019, inclusive, to confirm publication trends in quantities of papers by study area country and the types of tracers used. The most recent (2018–2019, inclusive) papers were also benchmarked using a methodological decision-tree published in 2017. Scope: Areas requiring further research and international consensus on methodological detail are reviewed, and these comprise spatial variability in tracers and corresponding sampling implications for end-members, temporal variability in tracers and sampling implications for end-members and target sediment, tracer conservation and knowledge-based pre-selection, the physico-chemical basis for source discrimination and dissemination of fingerprinting results to stakeholders. Emerging themes are also discussed: novel tracers, concentration-dependence for biomarkers, combining sediment fingerprinting and age-dating, applications to sediment-bound pollutants, incorporation of supportive spatial information to augment discrimination and modelling, aeolian sediment source fingerprinting, integration with process-based models and development of open-access software tools for data processing. Conclusions: The popularity of sediment source fingerprinting continues on an upward trend globally, but with this growth comes issues surrounding lack of standardisation and procedural diversity. Nonetheless, the last 2 years have also evidenced growing uptake of critical requirements for robust applications and this review is intended to signpost investigators, both old and new, towards these benchmarks and remaining research challenges for, and emerging options for different applications of, the fingerprinting approach

L’accompagnement du patient dans la pratique pharmaceutique : point sur les dispositifs formalisés

International audienceThe evolution of patient management has led the pharmacist to change gear and get closer to the patient. To better ensure these missions, several educational and support programs have emerged: "Advice", "consultations" and "pharmaceutical interviews", "shared medication report" or "therapeutic patient education", all these programs are intended "guarantee the best conditions for initiation, monitoring and compliance as well as evaluation of treatment", taking into account the wishes and needs of patients. Although these programs have similarities, there are significant differences (i.e. regulatory, functional, organisational, educational). The aim here is to clarify the various support programs in order to better know their fields of application and put them into practice

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy training on mandibular 3-dimensional printed models for maxillofacial surgical residents

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Vaccine Distrust: Investigation of the Views and Attitudes of Parents in Regard to Vaccination of Their Children

International audienceBACKGROUND: In France, many parents have lost confidence in vaccinations, which has a direct impact on immunization coverage. Pharmacists, like other health professionals, often encounter parents exhibiting vaccine distrust. METHODS: Using a survey distributed in a school and in a number of volunteering pharmacies, the objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of the views and the attitude of parents in regard to vaccination of their children. RESULTS: Our results show that the main concerns were in regard to vaccine adjuvants, the risk of short- and long-term adverse effects, and the risk of developing a disease or a disability as a result of vaccination. The parents, although they tended to express a degree of reluctance and apprehension, in general, they were not opposed to vaccination, and they sought objective scientific information and full transparency regarding all aspects of vaccine composition, adverse effects, and effectiveness. Cooperation of all the parties involved in the health system on this subject is essential for a seamless chain of care and to improve vaccination coverage. CONCLUSION: The information collected, combined with a review of the international literature, allow avenues for dialogue adapted to parents' opinions to be established and thus assist health professionals to communicate effectively regarding vaccines, which is a bona fide public health issue

Patterns of Ice-Rafted Detritus in the Glacial North Atlantic (40-55°N)

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