Los ganadores y perdedores de la globalización. El dilema de la derecha francesa frente a la Unión Europea

Trabajo de Fin de Máster. Máster en Estudios de la Unión Europea. Curso 2018-2019[ES]Este Trabajo de Fin de Máster es el fruto de una reflexión personal sobre el tema del futuro de la organización política de Europa teniendo en cuenta el desplazamiento de los clivajes políticos y de los espacios ideológicos europeos. Ha podido ser llevado a cabo gracias al profesor Iván Llamazares, cuyas lecciones sobre los sistemas de partidos europeos me han permitido estructurar mi reflexión. Es pertinente subrayar que se trata en este estudio de una hipótesis : al no estar una ciencia exacta, la ciencia política nos permite suponer lo que pasará en el futuro, deduciéndolo de elementos del presente. Así, este trabajo no tiene la pretensión elucidar la complejidad del futuro político de Europa, sino presentar algunas pistas de reflexiones sobre el largo proceso de reestructuración de las ideas politicas en torno a la Unión europea, analizando las interactuaciones entre globalización, proyecto europeo, y escenas politicas nacionales.[EN] This Master's Thesis is the result of a personal reflection on the theme of the future of the political organization of Europe taking into account the displacement of political cleavages and of the European ideological spaces. It could have been carried out thanks to Professor Iván Llamazares, whose lessons on European party systems have allowed me Structure my reflection. It is pertinent to underline that this is a hypothesis study: not being an exact science, political science allows us to assume what will happen in the future, deducting it from elements of the present. Thus, this work is not intended to elucidate the complexity of the political future of Europe, but to present some clues of reflections on the long process of restructuring of political ideas around the European Union, analyzing the interactions between globalization, European project, and national political scenes

SDN for 5G Mobile Networks: NORMA perspective

Proceeding of: 11th EAI International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks (CROWNCOM 2016)To build a flexible and an adaptable architecture network supporting variety of services and their respective requirements, 5G NORMA introduced a network of functions based architecture breaking the major design principles followed in the current network of entities based architecture. This revolution exploits the advantages of the new technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in conjunction with the network slicing and multitenancy concepts. In this paper we focus on the concept of Software Defined for Mobile Network Control (SDM-C) network: its definition, its role in controlling the intra network slices resources, its specificity to be QoE aware thanks to the QoE/QoS monitoring and modeling component and its complementarity with the orchestration component called SDM-O. To operate multiple network slices on the same infrastructure efficiently through controlling resources and network functions sharing among instantiated network slices, a common entity named SDM-X is introduced. The proposed design brings a set of new capabilities to make the network energy efficient, a feature that is discussed through some use casesThis work has been performed in the framework of the H2020-ICT-2014-2 project 5G NORMA

Implementation and use of green manures for weed suppression in sequential maize cropping

Correspondence should be addressed to Amílcar Servín Niz; [email protected] ground cover produced by green manures has a direct influence on weed suppression and, in addition, the biomass produced by these same plants influences crop growth. This study was carried out to compare the effect of green manure species on the incidence of weeds, in sequence, in order to evaluate the effects of the use of green manure cover on the productive characteristics of maize plants. A completely randomised experimental design was used, with 11 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were cover crops Canavalia ensiformis (T1), Cajanus cajan (T2), Stizolobium pruriens (T3), Crotalaria juncea (T4), Phaseolus vulgaris (T5), Stizolobium trigre (T6), Stizolobium aterrimum (T7), Crotalaria retusa (T8), Crotalaria breviflora (T9), Dolichos lablab (T10), and conventional system (T11). Ninety days after sowing, the green manures were cut, and 30 days after the green manures were cut, the hybrid maize Crop Top 520 was sown. The variables evaluated in relation to the planting of green manures were the green and dry biomass of green manures, alongside the green biomass of weeds and suppression of weeds. Concerning maize plants, the variables evaluated were plant height at 60 DAS, stalk diameter at 60 DAS, number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per grain row, and yield. The averages were subsequently analyzed using Tukey’s test at 95% significance level. The use of green manure significantly reduces the green mass of weeds up to 90 days due to lack of access to light of the weeds, which reduces their appearance and growth. Stizolobium aterrimum showed the best results both as a dry mass producer and weed suppressor and also as a yield enhancer in maize crops.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPrograma Paraguayo para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y Tecnología. Programa Nacional de Incentivo a los Investigadore

A two-scale finite element model for the fatigue design of large welded structures

Weld toes and weld roots of continuously welded structures subjected to cyclic loading are critical zones in terms of the fatigue resistance. The finite element method coupled with a fatigue criterion is commonly used to ensure the correct sizing and fatigue design of welded structures. However, weld geometries are often simplified or idealized to limit computational cost. In this work, a numerical two-scale approach is proposed in order to calculate a non-local multiaxial equivalent stress at the weld toe and the weld root from a global finite element shell model. The influence of the parameters of the proposed model on the stiffness behaviour is investigated for three welded structures and for different loading cases. A comparison in terms of stiffness with other models from the literature is also proposed. The results show that the stiffness behaviour is not affected by the parameters of the proposed approach and that it is the most robust model for the different geometries and loading cases studied. The variation in the non-local multiaxial equivalent stress as a function of the parameters of the proposed approach was also studied. The comparison with full solid finite element models makes it possible to define minimum values for the different parameters studied and validates the potential of the proposed approach for the fatigue design of welded structures

Experimental characterization and numerical modeling of the influence of a proof load on the fatigue resistance of welded structures

The influence of a proof load, or an initial overload, on the fatigue resistance of welded structures is investigated in this study. Arc welded stiffeners made of S355 steel are considered and fatigue-tested in as-welded and proof-loaded conditions. X-ray diffraction analyses are carried out to evaluate the influence of a proof load on the residual stress field. To better understand the role of a proof load on the mechanical fields in the stress concentration zones, a numerical approach based on elasto-plastic finite element analyses is proposed. The methodology includes a non-local multiaxial fatigue criterion, which integrates a strain hardening contribution, that makes it possible to estimate the number of cycles to failure. The comparison between experimental and numerical results indicates that the beneficial effect of a proof load on the fatigue resistance can be mainly attributed to residual stress and strain hardening effects. The final result is a master SN curve adapted to the fatigue design of stiffener structures, tested under different loading conditions

Variability in the contents of pork meat nutrients and how it may affect food composition databases

Pork meat is generally recognised as a food with relevant nutritional properties because of its content in high biological value proteins, group B vitamins, minerals especially heme iron, trace elements and other bioactive compounds. But pork meat also contributes to the intake of fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and other substances that, in inappropriate amounts, may result in negative physiologically effects. However, there are relevant factors affecting the content of many of these substances and somehow such variability should be taken into consideration. So, genetics, age and even type of muscle have a relevant influence on the amount of fat and the contents in heme iron. Also the composition in fatty acids of triacylglycerols is very sensitive to the contents of cereals in the feed; for instance, polyunsaturated fatty acids may range from 10% to 22% in pork meat. The content of other nutrients, like vitamins E and A, are also depending on the type of feed. Some bioactive substances like coenzyme Q10, taurine, glutamine, creatine, creatinine, carnosine and anserine show a large dependence on the type of muscle. This manuscript describes the main factors affecting the composition of pork meat nutrients and how these changes may affect the general food composition databases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Grant AGL2010-16305 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Madrid, Spain) and FEDER Funds and collaboration of Vaquero Foundation for R+D on Pork Meat (Madrid, Spain) are acknowledged. Grant PROMETEO/2012/001 from Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) is also acknowldeged. Work prepared within the Unidad Asociada IAD (UPV)-IATA (CSIC) framework.Reig Riera, MM.; Aristoy, M.; Toldra, F. (2013). Variability in the contents of pork meat nutrients and how it may affect food composition databases. Food Chemistry. 140(3):478-482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.085S478482140

Silencing cytokeratin 18 gene inhibits intracellular replication of Trypanosoma cruzi in HeLa cells but not binding and invasion of trypanosomes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As an obligatory intracellular parasite, <it>Trypanosoma cruzi</it>, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, must invade and multiply within mammalian cells. Cytokeratin 18 (CK18) is among the host molecules that have been suggested as a mediator of important events during <it>T. cruzi</it>-host cell interaction. Based on that possibility, we addressed whether RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated down regulation of the CK18 gene could interfere with the parasite life cycle <it>in vitro</it>. HeLa cells transiently transfected with CK18-RNAi had negligible levels of CK18 transcripts, and significantly reduced levels of CK18 protein expression as determined by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CK18 negative or positive HeLa cells were invaded equally as well by trypomastigotes of different <it>T. cruzi </it>strains. Also, in CK18 negative or positive cells, parasites recruited host cells lysosomes and escaped from the parasitophorous vacuole equally as well. After that, the growth of amastigotes of the Y or CL-Brener strains, was drastically arrested in CK18 RNAi-treated cells. After 48 hours, the number of amastigotes was several times lower in CK18 RNAi-treated cells when compared to control cells. Simultaneous staining of parasites and CK18 showed that in HeLa cells infected with the Y strain both co-localize. Although the amastigote surface protein-2 contains the domain VTVXNVFLYNR previously described to bind to CK18, in several attempts, we failed to detect binding of a recombinant protein to CK-18.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The study demonstrates that silencing CK18 by transient RNAi, inhibits intracellular multiplication of the Y and CL strain of <it>T. cruzi </it>in HeLa cells, but not trypanosome binding and invasion.</p

The Gaia-ESO Survey: Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted ≳105 stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (Teff ~ 30 000–52 000 K) all the way to K-M (≳3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant “Premiale VLT 2012”. L. Magrini and M. Van der Swaelmen acknowledge support by the WEAVE Italian consortium, and by the INAF Grant “Checs”. A.J. Korn acknowledges support by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). A. Lobel acknowledges support in part by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office under contract no. BR/143/A2/BRASS and by the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No. 823734. D.K. Feuillet was partly supported by grant no. 2016-03412 from the Swedish Research Council. D. Montes acknowledges financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovation through project PID2019-109522GB-C54 /AEI/10.13039/501100011033. E. Marfil acknowledges financial support from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Gobierno de Canarias through project ProID2021010128. J.I. Gonzalez Hernandez acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) project PID2020-117493GB-I00. M. Bergemann is supported through the Lise Meitner grant from the Max Planck Society and acknowledges support by the Collaborative Research centre SFB 881 (projects A5, A10), Heidelberg University, of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union, Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949173). P. Jofré acknowledges financial support of FONDECYT Regular 1200703 as well as Nucleo Mile-nio ERIS NCN2021_017. R. Smiljanic acknowledges support from the National Science Centre, Poland (2014/15/B/ST/03981). S.R. Berlanas acknowledges support by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (contract FJC 2020-045785-I) and NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) through grant Margarita Salas-ULL. T. Bensby acknowledges financial support by grant No. 2018-04857 from the Swedish Research Council. T. Merle is supported by a grant from the Foundation ULB. T. Morel are grateful to Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS for support, and are also indebted for an ESA/PRODEX Belspo contract related to the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium and for support through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Federation Wallonie-Brussels. W. Santos acknowledges FAPERJ for a Ph.D. fellowship. H.M. Tabernero acknowledges financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigation of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovation through project PID2019-109522GB-C51/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6 and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies

Convergent evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5 lineages has led to the emergence of several new subvariants, including BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6. and BQ.1.1. The subvariants BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 are expected to become predominant in many countries in November 2022. They carry an additional and often redundant set of mutations in the spike, likely responsible for increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Here, we established a viral amplification procedure to easily isolate Omicron strains. We examined their sensitivity to 6 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and to 72 sera from Pfizer BNT162b2-vaccinated individuals, with or without BA.1/BA.2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection. Ronapreve (Casirivimab and Imdevimab) and Evusheld (Cilgavimab and Tixagevimab) lost any antiviral efficacy against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, whereas Xevudy (Sotrovimab) remained weakly active. BQ.1.1 was also resistant to Bebtelovimab. Neutralizing titers in triply vaccinated individuals were low to undetectable against BQ.1.1 and BA.2.75.2, 4 months after boosting. A BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infection increased these titers, which remained about 18-fold lower against BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1, than against BA.1. Reciprocally, a BA.5 breakthrough infection increased more efficiently neutralization against BA.5 and BQ.1.1 than against BA.2.75.2. Thus, the evolution trajectory of novel Omicron subvariants facilitated their spread in immunized populations and raises concerns about the efficacy of most currently available mAbs.N

The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products

Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products