Information security risk management model for Peruvian PYMES

Hoy en día, las empresas tratan de proteger su activo muy valioso, la información, para lo que recurren a la gestión de sus riesgos, tratando de evitar situaciones negativas tales como pérdidas financieras significativas, violación de la confidencialidad de información sensible, pérdida de integridad o disponibilidad de datos confidenciales. En organizaciones como las PYMES no se implementan modelos de gestión de riesgos debido a que estas organizaciones no consideran relevante la seguridad de la información, ya que no se encuentra dentro de lo presupuestado. Existen diferentes enfoques de riesgos, pero, generalmente dirigidos a grandes empresas; para las PYMES es más adecuado emplear un enfoque cualitativo. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de gestión de riesgos basado en la metodología OCTAVE-S y la norma ISO/IEC 27005, consta de las 3 fases de OCTAVE al que se le añade la lista de vulnerabilidades y escenarios en la fase 1, además el cálculo y tratamiento del riesgo de la ISO/IEC 27005 en la última fase. Asimismo, el modelo adopta un enfoque cuantitativo que permite calcular el riesgo residual con base en la efectividad de los controles otorgados, de este modo se logra brindar un modelo adecuado para las organizaciones. El modelo propuesto fue implementado en el proceso de ventas de una PYME peruana del sector cerámicos, demostrando un fácil uso, y logrando identificar los controles necesarios para reducir el riesgo, cuya implementación podría reducir el riesgo en un 53%.Nowadays, companies seek to protect their information because it is a very valuable asset. In order to protect it, it is necessary to manage the risks, which will prevent scenarios that generate a negative impact such as significant financial losses, violation of the confidentiality of sensitive information, loss of integrity, or the availability of confidential information. Organizations such as SMEs do not implement risk management models because they do not care about allocating a budget for information security. There are different approaches that are used to manage the risks, but, in general, these focus on big companies. However, those that target SMEs have a qualitative approach. This paper presents a suitable risk management model, based on the OCTAVE-S methodology and the standard ISO/IEC 27005, it consists of the 3 phases of OCTAVE to which is added the list of vulnerabilities and scenarios in phase 1, as well as the calculation and treatment of the risk of ISO/IEC 27005 in the last phase. Likewise, the model takes a quantitative approach that allows to calculate the residual risk based on the effectiveness of the controls given, creating a suitable model for the organizations, in order to and, therefore, to facilitate decision making. This model has been applied in a Peruvian clay-ceramic industry SME in its sales process, showing its easy use and managing to identify the necessary controls to reduce the risk, whose implementation could reduce the risk by 53%

Some color in the desert: description of a new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from southern Peru, and its conservation status.

The desert of southern Peru and northern Chile is an area with a high degree of endemismin squamate reptiles. In this work, an endemic new species is described in the genus Liolaemus with a restricted geographical distribution on the western slopes of the La Caldera batholith in the Department of Arequipa, southern Peru, that inhabits the Desert province of southern Peru, between 1,800 and 2,756 m asl. The new species is characterized by a unique combination of morphological and molecular characters that distinguish it from all other Liolaemus species, and it is included in the L. reichei clade within the L. montanus group. Evidence presented shows that the category of threat corresponds to Endangered under the IUCN Red List criteriaFil: Huamani Valderrama, Ling. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento Académico de Biología. Museo de Historia Natural; PerúFil: Quiroz, Aarón J.. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento Académico de Biología. Museo de Historia Natural; PerúFil: Gutierrez, Roberto C.. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento Académico de Biología. Museo de Historia Natural; PerúFil: Aguilar Kiriguin, Alvaro. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento Académico de Biología. Museo de Historia Natural; PerúFil: Huanca Mamani, Wilson. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Valladares Faúndez, Pablo. Universidad de Tarapaca.; ChileFil: Cerdeña, José. Universidad Nacional de San Agustín. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Departamento Académico de Biología. Museo de Historia Natural; PerúFil: Chaparro, Juan C,. Museo de Biodiversidad del Perú; PerúFil: Abdala, Cristian Simón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; Argentin

Estadística

La siguiente guía Estadística toca temas como el método científico y organización de datos, medidas estadísticas descriptivas, así como también las probabilidades y distribuciones muéstrales y por ultimo las pruebas de hipótesis

Effect of fibrin-rich plasma and collagen sponge on healing of the palatal mucosa

The purpose was to evaluate the variation in thickness and early healing of the donor area of the palate with the placement of a collagen sponge and the use of fibrin-rich plasma (L-PRF).Thirty patients who required mucogingival surgery treatment were selected and distributed into 2 groups. After obtaining the free palate graft, L-PRF was placed in Group A, and a collagen sponge was placed in Group B. The healing process of the palate was evaluated at 24 hours and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postsurgery. The thickness of the donor area (palate) was evaluated using an acrylic splint. These measurements were made before and 4 months after surgery.In the collagen sponge group, less gain of the palatal mucosa was observed, with a mean difference of 0.1 ± 0.8 mm (CI: −0.341–0.518) (p=0.691), whereas in the fibrin-rich plasma group, a mean difference of 0.0 ± 0.5 mm (CI: −0.229–0.229) (p=0.934) was found; however, when comparing the gain of the palatal mucosa in both groups, no significant difference was observed (p=0.932). The healing index at 24 hours indicated the presence of clots, on Day 28 vascularisation and total epithelialisation (100.0%), and finally, the collagen sponge group on Day 14 presented 93.3% partial vascularisation of connective tissue and 33.3% L-PRF (p=0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in the thickness of the palatal mucosa after the use of L-PRF and the collagen sponge

ESTUDIO DE REPLICABILIDAD DE DOS SUJETOS EXPERIMENTALES EN UN TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE CONDUCTA DISCRIMINATORIA

Objetivo: Analizar el grado de replicabilidad experimental de un método de condicionamiento y discriminación aplicado a dos sujetos de trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron para la investigación sobre los métodos de condicionamiento y discriminación, 2 sujetos experimentales introducidos dentro de la caja de Skinner Lafayette con una división de madera. Se consideró a las luces de la caja de Skinner Lafayette como estímulos a discriminar y nicovita como recompensa y refuerzo de la conducta deseada. Se estableció la línea base y se registraron 10 conductas iniciales. Se fortaleció la conducta de cruce como conducta principal para el refuerzo, se incluyeron las luces como variable a discriminar para la obtención de la recompensa. Resultados: Considerando las frecuencias observadas y obtenidas durante la aplicación del experimento, más del 90% de los resultados del sujeto experimental N°1 se asemejan a los resultados del sujeto experimental N°2, y en las conductas número 7 (palanca) y conducta numero 8 (luz) existe una variabilidad, que a comparación del primer sujeto experimental, estas últimas aumentan su frecuencia al presentar luz apagada, además de que hay una variación en la cantidad de cruces en el segundo sujeto. A pesar de lo expuesto, el aumento de la conducta objetivo en ambos sujetos experimentales se logró de manera satisfactoria al igual que la conducta discriminatoria en ambos casos, demostrando la capacidad de replicabilidad del experimento. Conclusión: El experimento realizado arroja resultados fiables que cuentan con la adecuada replicabilidad de resultados para poder aplicarse en otros sujetos experimentales

SOUTH AMERICAN COLLABORATION IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON LEISHMANIASIS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN SCOPUS (2000-2011)

HUAMANÍ, Charles, ROMANÍ, Franco, GONZÁLEZ-ALCAIDE, Gregorio [et al.]. South American collaboration in scientific publications on leishmaniasis: bibliometric analysis in scopus (2000-2011). Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo [en línea]. 2014, vol. 56, no. 5, p. 381-390. ISSN 0036-4665.Objectives: Evaluate the production and the research collaborative network on Leishmaniasis in South America. Methods: A bibliometric research was carried out using SCOPUS database. The analysis unit was original research articles published from 2000 to 2011, that dealt with leishmaniasis and that included at least one South American author. The following items were obtained for each article: journal name, language, year of publication, number of authors, institutions, countries, and others variables. Results: 3,174 articles were published, 2,272 of them were original articles. 1,160 different institutional signatures, 58 different countries and 398 scientific journals were identified. Brazil was the country with more articles (60.7%) and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) had 18% of Brazilian production, which is the South American nucleus of the major scientific network in Leishmaniasis. Conclusions: South American scientific production on Leishmaniasis published in journals indexed in SCOPUS is focused on Brazilian research activity. It is necessary to strengthen the collaboration networks. The first step is to identify the institutions with higher production, in order to perform collaborative research according to the priorities of each country

Cataclysmic Variables from Sloan Digital Sky Survey V -- the search for period bouncers continues

SDSS-V is carrying out a dedicated survey for white dwarfs, single and in binaries, and we report the analysis of the spectroscopy of cataclysmic variables (CVs) and CV candidates obtained during the final plug plate observations of SDSS. We identify eight new CVs, spectroscopically confirm 53 and refute eleven published CV candidates, and we report 21 new or improved orbital periods. Combined with previously published data, the orbital period distribution of the SDSS-V CVs does not clearly exhibit a period gap. This is consistent with previous findings that spectroscopically identified CVs have a larger proportion of short-period systems compared to samples identified from photometric variability. Remarkably, despite a systematic search, we find very few period bouncers. We estimate the space density of period bouncers to be $\simeq0.2\times10^{-6}\,\mathrm{pc}^{-3}$, i.e. they represent only a few per cent of the total CV population. This suggests that during their final phase of evolution, CVs either destroy the donor, e.g. via a merger, or that they become detached and cease mass transfer.Comment: Submitted to MNRA

Molecular targeting of prostate cancer cells by a triple drug combination down-regulates integrin driven adhesion processes, delays cell cycle progression and interferes with the cdk-cyclin axis

Background: Single drug use has not achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of prostate cancer, despite application of increasingly widespread targeted therapeutics. In the present study, the combined impact of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitor RAD001, the dual EGFr and VGEFr tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on prostate cancer growth and adhesion in vitro was investigated. Methods: PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP cells were treated with RAD001, AEE788 or VPA or with a RAD-AEE-VPA combination. Tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression and cell cycle regulating proteins were then investigated by MTT-assay, flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins as well as migratory properties of the cells was evaluated, and integrin alpha and beta subtypes were analyzed. Finally, effects of drug treatment on cell signaling pathways were determined. Results: All drugs, separately applied, reduced tumor cell adhesion, migration and growth. A much stronger anti-cancer effect was evoked by the triple drug combination. Particularly, cdk1, 2 and 4 and cyclin B were reduced, whereas p27 was elevated. In addition, simultaneous application of RAD001, AEE788 and VPA altered the membranous, cytoplasmic and gene expression pattern of various integrin alpha and beta subtypes, reduced integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and deactivated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Signaling analysis revealed that EGFr and the downstream target Akt, as well as p70S6k was distinctly modified in the presence of the drug combination. Conclusions: Simultaneous targeting of several key proteins in prostate cancer cells provides an advantage over targeting a single pathway. Since strong anti-tumor properties became evident with respect to cell growth and adhesion dynamics, the triple drug combination might provide progress in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer

Consenso peruano para el uso de la resonancia magnética en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple

The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has optimized the care of the affected patients. Several international working groups have tried to clarify and standardize the global use of MRI but, on many occasions, data are extrapolated from other regions, do not contemplate local realities or are difficult to implement. Objective: To reach a consensus on aspects related to the use of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with MS in Peru. Material and Methods: A group of Peruvian experts (neurologists and radiologists) worked on the elaboration of the consensus using a remote survey round methodology. Results: The recommendations, established on the basis of published evidence and on the experts’ criteria, focused on the role of both, the conventional MRI techniques and the measurement of brain atrophy in MS patients both at the time of diagnosis and during the follow-up period. Conclusions: The consensual recommendations could potentially assist in the standardization and optimization of the care and follow-up of patients with MS in our country.El uso de la resonancia magnética (RM) en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) ha optimizado el cuidado de los pacientes afectados. Diversos grupos internacionales de trabajo han intentado clarificar y normatizar el uso global de la RM pero, en muchas ocasiones, se extrapolan datos de otras regiones que no contemplan la realidad de cada lugar o son difíciles de implementar. Objetivo: Consensuar aspectos relacionados con el uso de RM en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de pacientes con EM en el Perú. Material y Métodos: Un grupo de expertos peruanos, conformado por neurólogos y radiólogos, condujo la elaboración del consenso mediante metodología de ronda de encuestas a la distancia. Resultados: Las recomendaciones, basadas en la evidencia publicada y en el criterio de los expertos, enfocaron tanto el rol de las técnicas convencionales de RM como el de la medición de la atrofia cerebral en pacientes con EM al momento del diagnóstico y durante el periodo de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones del consenso podrán potencialmente homogenizar y optimizar el cuidado y seguimiento de pacientes con EM en nuestro país