326 research outputs found
Combining Sentiment Lexica with a Multi-View Variational Autoencoder
When assigning quantitative labels to a dataset, different methodologies may
rely on different scales. In particular, when assigning polarities to words in
a sentiment lexicon, annotators may use binary, categorical, or continuous
labels. Naturally, it is of interest to unify these labels from disparate
scales to both achieve maximal coverage over words and to create a single, more
robust sentiment lexicon while retaining scale coherence. We introduce a
generative model of sentiment lexica to combine disparate scales into a common
latent representation. We realize this model with a novel multi-view
variational autoencoder (VAE), called SentiVAE. We evaluate our approach via a
downstream text classification task involving nine English-Language sentiment
analysis datasets; our representation outperforms six individual sentiment
lexica, as well as a straightforward combination thereof.Comment: To appear in NAACL-HLT 201
Unsupervised Discovery of Gendered Language through Latent-Variable Modeling
Studying the ways in which language is gendered has long been an area of
interest in sociolinguistics. Studies have explored, for example, the speech of
male and female characters in film and the language used to describe male and
female politicians. In this paper, we aim not to merely study this phenomenon
qualitatively, but instead to quantify the degree to which the language used to
describe men and women is different and, moreover, different in a positive or
negative way. To that end, we introduce a generative latent-variable model that
jointly represents adjective (or verb) choice, with its sentiment, given the
natural gender of a head (or dependent) noun. We find that there are
significant differences between descriptions of male and female nouns and that
these differences align with common gender stereotypes: Positive adjectives
used to describe women are more often related to their bodies than adjectives
used to describe men.Comment: To appear in ACL 201
Social-ecological enabling conditions for payments for ecosystem services
The concept of âenabling conditionsâ centers on conditions that facilitate approaches to addressing social and ecological challenges. Although multiple fields have independently addressed the concept of enabling conditions, the literature lacks a shared understanding or integration of concepts. We propose a more synthesized understanding of enabling conditions beyond disciplinary boundaries by focusing on the enabling conditions that influence the implementation of a range of environmental policies termed payments for ecosystem services (PES). Through an analysis of key literature from different disciplinary perspectives, we examined how researchers and practitioners refer to and identify enabling conditions within the context of PES. Through our synthesis, we identified 24 distinct enabling conditions organized within 4 broad themes: biophysical, economic, governance, and social-cultural conditions. We found that the literature coalesces around certain enabling conditions, such as strong ecosystem science and existing institutions, regardless of disciplinary background or journal audience. We also observed key differences in how authors perceive the direction of influence for property type, program objectives, and number of actors. Additionally, we noted an emphasis on the importance of the contextual nature of many enabling conditions that may cause certain conditions to have a disproportionate impact on successful implementation in some circumstances. Unraveling the relative importance of specific enabling conditions in diverse contexts remains a research frontier. Ultimately, no single disciplinary perspective is likely to provide all necessary insights for PES creation, and given the intertwined nature of enabling conditions, practitioners need to consider insights from multiple dimensions. Our work suggests opportunities to better connect diverse conversations through integration of concepts, a common vocabulary, and a synthetic framework
Global state and potential scope of investments in watershed services for large cities
Investments in watershed services (IWS) programs, in which downstream water users pay upstream watershed service suppliers for actions that protect drinking water, are increasing in number and scope. IWS programs represent over $170 million of investment in over 4.3 million ha of watersheds, providing water to over 230 million people. It is not yet fully clear what factors contribute to the establishment and sustainability of IWS. We conducted a representative global analysis of 416 of the worldâs largest cities, including 59 (14%) with IWS programs. Using random forest ensemble learning methods, we evaluated the relative importance of social and ecological factors as predictors of IWS presence. IWS programs are more likely present in source watersheds with more agricultural land and less protected area than otherwise similar watersheds. Our results suggest potential to expand IWS as a strategy for drinking water protection and also contribute to decisions regarding suitable program locations
Simulated void galaxies in the standard cold dark matter model
We analyze a (120 h^{-1} Mpc)^3 adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamic
simulation that contains a higher-resolution 31 x 31 x 35 h^{-3} Mpc subvolume
centered on a ~30 Mpc diameter void. Our detailed ~1 kpc resolution allows us
to identify 1300 galaxies within this void to a limiting halo mass of ~10^{10}
M_sun. Nearly 1000 galaxies are found to be in underdense regions, with 300
galaxies residing in regions less than half the mean density of the simulation
volume. We construct mock observations of the stellar and gas properties of
these systems, and reproduce the range of colors and luminosities observed in
the SDSS for nearby (z < 0.03) galaxies. We find no trends with density for the
most luminous (M_r
-16), though they are less reliably resolved, typically appear bluer, with
higher rates of star formation and specific star formation and lower mean
stellar ages than galaxies in average density environments. We find a
significant population of low luminosity (M_r ~ -14) dwarf galaxies that is
preferentially located in low density regions and specifically in the void
center. This population may help to reduce, but not remove, the discrepancy
between the predicted and observed number of void galaxies.Comment: 23 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Ap
Self-focused attention in anorexia nervosa: Self-Focused Attention in Anorexia Nervosa
The clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by preoccupation with body experience, intrusive concerns regarding shape, and pathological fears of weight gain. These symptoms are suggestive of unrelenting self-focused attention. No research to date has characterized self-focused attention (SFA) in AN nor examined neurocognitive features that may facilitate an excessive, rigid, or sustained focus on oneâs appearance
Introducing the Dirac-Milne universe
The \Lambda CDM standard model, although an excellent parametrization of the
present cosmological data, requires two as yet unobserved components, Dark
Matter and Dark Energy, for more than 95% of the Universe. Faced to this
unsatisfactory situation, we study an unconventional cosmology, the Dirac-Milne
universe, a matter-antimatter symmetric cosmology, in which antimatter is
supposed to present a negative active gravitational mass. The main feature of
this cosmology is the linear evolution of the scale factor with time which
directly solves the age and horizon problems of a matter-dominated universe. We
study the concordance of this model to the cosmological test of Type Ia
Supernov\ae\ distance measurements and calculate the theoretical primordial
abundances of light elements for this cosmology. We also show that the acoustic
scale of the Cosmic Microwave Background naturally emerges at the degree scale
despite an open geometry.Comment: Replaced to match published versio
Morphological changes in the enteric nervous system caused by carcinoma of the human large intestine.
Exact Solution for the Exterior Field of a Rotating Neutron Star
A four-parameter class of exact asymptotically flat solutions of the
Einstein-Maxwell equations involving only rational functions is presented. It
is able to describe the exterior field of a slowly or rapidly rotating neutron
star with poloidal magnetic field.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D as Rapid Communication. 8
pages, 2 eps figure
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