Review on Effect of Bupropion on Attenuates Methamphetamine Self-administration in Adult Male Rat

Introduction: Methamphetamine is a highly potent, addictive drug that is widely abused in many countries around the world. Methamphetamine produces a general state of well-being along with increased wakefulness, talkativeness, and physical activity and decreased appetite. Behavioral treatment programs have had some success in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction, yet many patients continue to relapse after repeatedly seeking treatment. Thus, pharmacotherapies treatments for methamphetamine addiction are being evaluated. Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant with stimulant properties. This drug has been used off-label to treat methamphetamine addicts, thus prompting the need for systematic investigations of its efficacy. Methods and Results:Male wistar rats, weighing 200–250 g (8 weeks old) at the start of the experiment. In the self-administration study, rats were surgically prepared with indwelling jugular catheters. After the surgery rats were trained to press a lever of methamphetamine reinforcement (0.05 mg/kg/injection) in operant boxes under baseline conditions. When responding stabilized, rats entered the acute testing phase. Each rat was tested with a unique order of vehicle, 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg bupropion. Each solution was administered IP 5 min before placement in the chamber for a regular self-administration session and each test was separated by at least 2 maintenance days of methamphetamine self-administration without drug pretreatment. Bupropion pretreatment appeared to decrease active lever responding. Consistent with the active lever data, rats treated with 60 mg/kg bupropion took significantly fewer total methamphetamine infusions in comparison to the other 2 groups. When Control rats (n=6) (i.e., those pretreated with saline in the previous phase) were given an acute injection of 30 mg/kg bupropion, lever pressing decreased. Conclusions: Several questions remain about bupropion’s impact during withdrawal, abstinence, and relapse in a preclinical setting. Research investigating these aspects of addiction will help provide a clearer picture on the effects of bupropion on methamphetamine self-administration in laboratory animals and methamphetamine abuse in humans

Comparison of laboratory wave generation techniques on response of a large monopile in irregular sea

As the offshore wind industry moves toward larger monopile turbines, model testing and validation of hydrodynamic load models become more important for new designs of turbines. Wave generation is an important aspect of hydrodynamic model testing. When generating irregular waves with a piston-type wavemaker, first order wavemaker theory is commonly used. This leads to generating spurious free waves in the tank. Using second order wavemaker theory reduces the generation of these spurious waves. In this study, the two wave generation techniques have been used in the measurement of the dynamic responses of a monopile with (full-scale) natural period of 5 sec. The effect of superharmonic spurious waves on the response statistics was minor. A marginal improvement in experimental repeatability of the second mode response in large wave events was observed by using second order wavemaker theory.publishedVersio

Chelating and Bridging Roles of 2-(2-Pyridyl)benzimidazole and Bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene in Stabilizing a Cyclic Tetranuclear Platinum(II) Complex.

The reaction of complex [Pt(Me)(DMSO)(pbz)], 1, (pbz = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazolate) with [PtMe(Cl)(DMSO)2], B, followed by addition of bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene (dppac), gave the novel tetranuclear platinum complex [Pt4Me4(μ-dppac)2(pbz)2Cl2], 2, bearing both the pbz and dppac ligands. In this structure, the pbz ligands are both chelating and bridging to stabilize the tetraplatinum framework. The tetranuclear Pt(II) complex was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and mass spectrometry, and its electronic structure was investigated and supported by DFT calculations

Correction to “Does the repeat dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger in polycystic ovarian syndrome improve in vitro fertilization cycles outcome? A clinical trial study” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2020; 18: 485-490]

This is a corrigendum to “Does the repeat dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger in polycystic ovarian syndrome improve in vitro fertilization cycles outcome? A clinical trial study” [Int J Reprod BioMed 2020; 18: 485-490] and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article HTML

Does the repeat dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger in polycystic ovarian syndrome improve in vitro fertilization cycles outcome? A clinical trial study

Background: A repeat dose of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist could provide long duration of luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and amplitude appropriately. Objective: Improvement in oocyte maturity could be obtained by a repeat dose of GnRH agonist. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blinded study, 120 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome and serum estradiol level (E2) > 3000 who were candidate for in vitro fertilization with Antagonist protocol were enrolled between July 2018 and July 2019. Participants were randomized in two groups - and final oocyte maturation was triggered with two doses: In group A, a repeat dose of 0.1 mg, 12 hr. after the first dose and in group B, 0.2 mg SC triptorelin (decapeptyl) 35 hr. prior to oocyte retrieval. Serum Estradiol, LH, and progesterone concentration were measured on the trigger day. Serum LH measurement was done three times in both groups. The outcomes were oocyte yield, meiosis (M) I, MII, Maturity rate, germinal vesicle (GV) rate, 2 pronuclear, embryo yield, ovarian hyper stimulation syndrome rates. Results: Maturity rate (p = 0.89), MI (p = 0.38), MII (p = 0.89), and GV oocytes (p = 0.38) were not statistically different between the two study groups. LH levels measured at 12 hr post-trigger did not relate statistically significant with maturity rate in our participants (p = 0.96). No empty follicular syndrome was reported. Conclusion: Although the second dose of GnRH agonist after 12 hr since the first dose could provide duration of LH surge and amplitude and as a result no empty follicular syndrome was seen, the maturity rate, MI, MII, and GV oocytes were not different between the two study groups. Key words: Polycystic ovarian syndrome, Treatment, In vitro fertilization, Gonadotropin-Releasing hormone

High Risk Situations Predicting Relapse in Self-Referred Addicts to Bushehr Province Substance Abuse Treatment Centers

Background: Relapse prevention is a medical intervention designed for educating cognitive and behavioral skills to avoid continued drug abuse and relapse. Objectives: This study examined high risk situations for relapse for self-referred addicts are related in Bushehr province substance abuse treatment centers. Patients and Methods: The present study is descriptive cross-sectional. The sample size consisted of 609 self-referred addicts to Bushehr province substance abuse centers. IDTS Marlatt questionnaire was used. Analytical and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings showed that 73.1% of addicts have used substance during the past 12 months, and 72% have experienced a full relapse. Unpleasant emotions and physical discomfort was the most important reason for relapse and testing personal control and pleasure emotions the least important reason. Interpersonal factors have also a great role in this regard. Conclusions: Considering the high rates of relapse, more attention should be paid to reasons for relapse. It seems necessary that both clinical and psychological approaches would be undertaken simultaneousl

Effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns

Introduction: The effect of touch on growth of newborns has been achieved by educated staff, but touch therapy by mothers as the most important care provider for their infants, had not been focused in previous studies. The aim of this work was to study effect of touch therapy by mothers on weight gaining of preterm newborns. Materials and Methods: In a randomized controlled trail and double blind study, 60 preterm newborns who discharged from neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to home, randomly allocated to control and touch therapy group (30 newborns in each group). Touch therapy was educated to mother in a direct education, also with offering guide booklet to the mothers. Touch was provided for three 20 minute period per day, until term corrected age. Neonate weight in two groups was measured at the time of discharge and then at the term corrected age by the electronic weighing scale with an accuracy of ± 10 gr. Results: In two groups, mean of age, kind of delivery, level of education, employment and socioeconomic status in mothers, also weight, sex and other neonate characteristics had no statistical differences. At the term corrected age, interventional group showed a weight gain of 10 g/day (30) more than control, which was statistically significant (31 g/day vs 21 g/day) (P=0.04). Conclusion: An important aspect of this study is that all stimulations were provided by mothers which had positive impact for preterm newborns, So, education of touch therapy to mothers can be recommended before discharge of pre-term newborns

Measuring customer-based brand equity in the Iranian Lubricants market Case Study: Sepahan oil Company

Purpose – This study seeks to examine the practicality and applications of a customer based brand equity model in the Iranian Lubricants market. Design/methodology/approach – Based on Aaker’s well-known conceptual framework of brand equity, extend by Yoo & Donthu, this study employed structural equation modeling to investigate the causal relationships among the three dimensions of brand equity and overall brand equity in the Lubricants industry. The present study used a sample of 300 actual consumers from sepahan oil company consumer in Tehran. Findings – The findings conclude that brand loyalty and Perceived Quality are influential dimensions of brand equity. Weak support was found for the brand associations / awareness dimension. Research limitations/implications – Future research needs to be done if the results are to be expanded into other regional Iranians markets in light of the significant gaps between different regions. Further research also could strengthen this analysis by adding performance measurement into the model. Practical implications – The paper shows that sepahan brand managers and marketing planners should consider the relative importance of brand equity in their overall brand equity evaluation, and should concentrate their efforts primarily on building brand loyalty. Originality/value – This study contributes to the scant literature testing the applicability of consumer-based brand equity in the Lubricants industry. this study provides important insights about the understanding of Lubricants consumers’ perceptions of overall brand equity and its dimensions. Keywords: Brand equity, Lubricants, brand loyalty, brand associations / awareness, Perceived Quality

Comparison of polyunsaturated fatty acids in depressed patients attempted suicide with healthy controls

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) especially omega-3 has been explored in many diseases. However, the profile of PUFA in depressed patients is not established. The aim of this study was to measure the amount of DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) in depressed and suicide group, compared to control group. METHODS: In a case-control study the amount of DHA and EPA in blood of 27 depressed patients, 32 attempted to suicide patients and 35 normal people were measured by gas-chromatography and then compared. FINDINGS: The amount of DHA in depressed and attempted to suicide patients and control group was 2.48±0.22, 2.25±0.24 and, 4.6±0.13 mg/ml, respectively (p<.001). However, there was not significant difference between depressed and attempted to suicide patients in this regard. The amount of EPA in attempted to suicide patients (0.44±0.05 mg/ml) was less in comparison to depressed (0.84±0.20 mg/ml) or control (0.95±0.11 mg/ml) groups (p<.001). CONCLUSION: It seems that there is a relation between the amount of DHA or EPA and attempt to suicide in depressed patients. However, in less severe depressed patients just DHA is changed, not EPA