The effect of Fe2Nio4 and Fe4Nio4Zn nanoparticles on hepatic, renal and spleen tissues in male wistar rat

Background and aims: Nanoparticles in a wide range of consumer products (cosmetics, health, industrial, ...) is used. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the nanoparticle Fe2NiO4 and Fe4NiO4Zn on the Hepatic, Renal and Spleen Tissues. Methods: This study of experimental was conducted on 40 male Wistar rats. The average weight was between 200-250g and divided into 5 groups. Group I: control group received 0.5ml saline. Respectively it was injected 0.5ml from second to fifth group with concentration 100 and 200 ppm of Fe4Nio4Zn and Fe2Nio4 nanoparticles. These injections were performed for 7 consecutive days with intraperitoneally injection. Results: Results of H and E showed that Fe4NiO4Zn nanoparticles (200nm) had effect on the hepatic tissue and caused to damage tissues. Also, upper doze of (200nm) damaged to spleen tissue. Fe2NiO4 nanoparticle with doze (200nm) damaged the renal tissue, but, Fe2NiO4 nanoparticle with doze (100nm) had not no effect on hepatic, renal, and spleen tissues. The results of iron stain in the current study showed that iron has deposited on the spleen tissue in all of groups, but this iron sediment in the spleen in Fe4NiO4Zn treatment group (100, 200nm) was more compared with the control group (groups that contain zinc nanoparticles). Conclusion: Both of Fe2NiO4 and Fe4NiO4Zn nanoparticles damage on Hepatic, renal and spleen tissues, but, damage in both of them was more in an upper doze, and iron stain showed that Fe4NiO4Zn caused more damage on spleen

The effects of Fe4NiO4Zn nanoparticles on thyroid tissue and serum level of T3, T4 and TSH

زمینه و هدف: نانوذرات به دلیل اندازه کوچک و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی منحصر به فرد کاربرد گسترده‌ای در صنایع داروسازی، ساختمان‌سازی، مواد غذایی و لوازم آرایش پیدا کرده‌اند. افزایش تولید و مصرف نانوذرات سنتزی سبب افزایش نگرانی در رابطه با اثرات جانبی منفی آن ‌ها بر سلامتی انسان شده است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر ارزیابی اثر نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn بر میزان ترشح هورمون‌های تیروئیدی و TSH و همچنین بافت تیروئید بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، 24 رت نر نژاد ویستار به صورت تصادفی به 3 گروه 8 تایی تقسیم شدند. گروه کنترل 5/0 میلی‌لیتر سرم فیزیولوژی و گروه دوم و سوم 5/0 میلی‌لیتر محلول نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn را در غلظت‌هایppm ۱۰۰و 200 به مدت 7 روز متوالی دریافت کردند. غلظت هورمون‌های TSH و تیروئیدی در روزهای 2، 7 و 14 تعیین گردید. در روز 14 بافت تیروئید تحت بی‌هوشی عمیق خارج شده و مورد بررسی بافت شناسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: تزریق صفاقی نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn سبب کاهش معنی‌داری در غلظت TSH و افزایش معنی‌داری در غلظت هورمون T4 شد. نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn تأثیر معنی‌داری بر سطح هورمون T3 نداشت. نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn سبب تغییرات بافتی غده تیروئید شامل التهاب و بزرگ شدن فولیکول‌های شد. نتیجه گیری: نانوذره Fe4NiO4Zn قادر است با تأثیر بر محور هیپوتالاموس- هیپوفیز- آندوکراین و آسیب فولیکول‌های تیروئید ترشح هورمون‌های TSH و تیروکسین را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد

A Modified Formula for Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Aphakic Refraction in a Pediatric Population

Purpose: To investigate and optimize the accuracy of aphakic refraction (AR) techniques for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in aphakic children.Methods: Thirty-three aphakic eyes of 18 patients who were candidates for secondary IOL implantation were enrolled in the present study. Axial length (AL) measured by optical biometry was used in the biometric formula (SRK-T, Holladay II, and Hoffer-Q). AR and spherical equivalent (SE) were used in two AR-based formulas (Ianchulev, Leccissotti). True power was calculated based on postoperative SE at three months’ follow-up. Results: Regarding the postoperative SE, 13 (40%) eyes were within ±1.00 diopters (D) and 22 (66%) were within ±2.00 D. Median absolute error (MedAE) was predicted to be 4.4 and 7.3 D with the use of Ianchulev and Leccissotti formulas, respectively. The corresponding value was 0.8 D with the biometric formula. All eyes were deemed to have myopic refraction when using the AR-based formulas except one eye with the Ianchulev formula. The coefficient of our modified formula was 1.7 instead of 2.01 in the Ianchulev formula. MedAE with the use of new formulae was 0.5 D and was comparable with the true IOL power (P = 0.22). Conclusion: Both Ianchulev and Leccissotti formulas resulted in a significant myopic surprise in aphakic children aged between 4.5 and 14 years. The modified formula proved to determine a more accurate SE that is comparable with biometric formulas

The antioxidant activity of Beta vulgaris leaf extract in improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory disorders in rats

Objective: Medicinal plants have attracted global attention due to their safety as well as their considerable antioxidant content that helps to prevent or ameliorate various disorders including memory impairments. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of beet root (Beta vulgaris) leaf extract on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairments in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): Control (C), scopolamine 1 mg/kg/day (S), scopolamine+50 mg/kg B. vulgaris leaf extract (S+B 50), scopolamine+100 mg/kg B. vulgaris leaf extract (S+B 100) and scopolamine+200 mg/kg B. vulgaris leaf extract (S+B 200). Morris water maze task was used to assess spatial memory. Serum antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were also measured. Results: Group S spent significantly less time in the target quadrant compared to the control group, and the administration of B. vulgaris leaf extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly increased this time (

THE IMPACT OF UNDER KNEE PROSTHESIS ON VARIOUS DIMENSIONS OF LIFE QUALITY OF DISABLED INDIVIDUALS REFERRING TO REHABILITATION CENTER OF SHIRAZ RED CRESCENT IN 2017

Objectives: Mutilation is one of the most common motor disability and each year due to factors such as illness, trauma and birth defects about 200 to 500 million mutilation occurs that from this number almost 85% is related to lower limb. Lower limb mutilation creates many changes in the life quality of patients and their families. This study is semi-experimental before and after intervention which has been performed in 2017. Methods: The research sample is 78 disabled individual of lower limb mutilation referring to rehabilitation center of Shiraz Red Crescent selected with census method. For evaluating variables, TAPES questionnaire has been used. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software and using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Using under knee prosthesis has a significant impact on adaptation scales (the individual adaptation rate with mutilation and using prosthesis) and satisfaction (the individual satisfaction rate from various aspects of prosthesis) but the under knee prosthesis on limitation scale doesn’t have a significant impact. Using under knee prosthesis has had a significant impact on two scales of adaptation and satisfaction of disables and has increased their life quality. Conclusion: Despite using prosthesis, still there are limitations and dissatisfactions due to sport activities and also high weight of prosthesis for disabled individuals that this problem could be somewhat solved using carbonic prostheses and sport claws. This point should be mentioned that due to the high price of prostheses, most disabled individuals don’t have the possibility of using these services and necessity of being under insurance coverage of these costs for providing more facilities for disabled people is felt more than before. Peer Review History: Received 29 September  2017;   Revised 12 February; Accepted 20 February, Available online 15 March 2018 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments:  Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Prof. Dr. Kaijian Hou, Endocrine Department, Longhu, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou city, PR China, [email protected] Prof Dr. Ahmed Kadry Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassan, Atos pharma-Seke, Egypt, [email protected]

Influence of Near Vision Tasks on Intraocular Pressure in Normal Subjects and Glaucoma Patients

Purpose: To investigate the effect of static accommodative tasks on intraocular pressure (IOP) of glaucomatous and normal eyes. Methods: Four groups of subjects categorized as primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure suspects (PACS), normal age-matched controls, and normal young adults (NYA; age <40 years) were enrolled. The baseline IOPs were measured after the subjects were looking at a distant target for 15 min. Static accommodation was obtained by execution of near vision tasks (reading at 33 cm in daylight [300 lux] for 60 min). IOPs were measured at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min intervals while accommodating and then measured again after 15 min of relaxing accommodation while looking at a distant target. Results: One-hundred and eighteen eyes of 98 subjects were recruited. The study groups consisted of the following categories: 25 POAG (46 eyes), 24 PACS (47 eyes), 25 matched controls (50 eyes), and 24 NYA (48 eyes). Within all groups, the mean IOP decreased throughout the accommodation period at all time points. Maximum IOP reduction after accommodation was detected at the 30-min time among the POAG subjects, at the 45-min time in the PACS and matched control groups, and at 15 min after the relaxation of accommodation in the NYA group. IOP reduction levels showed no statistically significant difference among POAG, PACS, and the normal matched groups in their response to accommodation. However, NYA had significantly lower IOP and greater IOP reduction after the resting period (relaxation of accommodation). Conclusion: Static accommodative tasks can significantly reduce IOP in normal, POAG, and PACS individuals. Encouraging glaucoma patients to practice periodical near vision tasks could be viewed as an adjunctive measure for glaucoma management

Assessment of Neuroprotective Properties of Melissa officinalis in Combination With Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells After Spinal Cord Injury

Introduction: The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) has a classically bad prognosis. It has been demonstrated that human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) and Melissa officinalis (MO) are useful for the prevention of neurological disease. Methods: Thirty-six adult male rats were randomly divided into intact, sham, control (SCI), MO, hUCBSC, and MO-hUCBSC groups. Intraperitoneal injection of MO (150 mg/kg) was commenced 24 hr post-SCI and continued once a day for 14 days. Intraspinal grafting of hUCBSCs was commenced immediately in the next day. The motor and sensory functions of all animals were evaluated once a week after the commencement of SCI. Electromyography (EMG) was performed in the last day in order to measure the recruitment index. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscopy evaluations were performed to determine the level of astrogliosis and myelination. Results: The results revealed that motor function (MO-hUCBSC: 15 ± 0.3, SCI: 8.2 ± 0.37, p <.001), sensory function (MO-hUCBSC: 3.57 ± 0.19, SCI: 6.38 ± 0.23, p <.001), and EMG recruitment index (MO-hUCBSC: 3.71 ± 0.18, SCI: 1.6 ± 0.1, p <.001) were significantly improved in the MO-hUCBSC group compared with SCI group. Mean cavity area (MO-hUCBSC: 0.03 ± 0.03, SCI: 0.07 ± 0.004, p <.001) was reduced and loss of lower motor neurons (MO-hUCBSC: 7.6 ± 0.43, SCI: 3 ± 0.12, p <.001) and astrogliosis density (MO-hUCBSC: 3.1 ± 0.15, SCI: 6.25 ± 1.42, p < 0.001) in the ventral horn of spinal cord were prevented in MO-hUCBSC group compared with SCI group. Conclusion: The results revealed that the combination of MO and hUCBSCs in comparison with the control group has neuroprotective effects in SCI. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016

Raptor-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of Deamidated 4E-BP2 Regulates Postnatal Neuronal Translation and NF-κB Activity

The translation initiation repressor 4E-BP2 is deamidated in the brain on asparagines N99/N102 during early postnatal brain development. This post-translational modification enhances 4E-BP2 association with Raptor, a central component of mTORC1 and alters the kinetics of excitatory synaptic transmission. We show that 4E-BP2 deamidation is neuron specific, occurs in the human brain, and changes 4E-BP2 subcellular localization, but not its disordered structure state. We demonstrate that deamidated 4E-BP2 is ubiquitinated more and degrades faster than the unmodified protein. We find that enhanced deamidated 4E-BP2 degradation is dependent on Raptor binding, concomitant with increased association with a Raptor-CUL4B E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Deamidated 4E-BP2 stability is promoted by inhibiting mTORC1 or glutamate receptors. We further demonstrate that deamidated 4E-BP2 regulates the translation of a distinct pool of mRNAs linked to cerebral development, mitochondria, and NF-κB activity, and thus may be crucial for postnatal brain development in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD

Novel and emerging mutations of SARS-CoV-2: Biomedical implications

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 virus strains has geographical diversity associated with diverse severity, mortality rate, and response to treatment that were characterized using phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Although, there is no explicit and integrative explanation for these variations, the genetic arrangement, and stability of SARS-CoV-2 are basic contributing factors to its virulence and pathogenesis. Hence, understanding these features can be used to predict the future transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection, drug development, and vaccine. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings on the mutations in the SARS-CoV-2, which provide valuable information on the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2, especially for DNA-based diagnosis, antivirals, and vaccine development for COVID-19. © 202

Corrigendum to: �Novel and emerging mutations of SARS-CoV-2: Biomedical implications� Biomed. Pharmacother. 139 (2021) 111599 (Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (2021) 139, (S075333222100384X), (10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111599))

The authors regret the incorrect publication of affiliations of some of the authors in the original article. The correct affiliation of the authors are presented below: Elmira Mohammadia,b Fatemeh Shafieec Kiana Shahzamanid Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbare Abbas Alibakhshif Shahrzad Ahangarzadehg Leila Beikmohammadih,i Laleh Shariatij,k Soodeh Hooshmandil Behrooz Ataeim Shaghayegh HaghjooyJavanmarda a Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran b Core Research Facilities, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran c Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran d Isfahan Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center (lGHRC), Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran e Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran f Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran g Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran h Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands i Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6559 Tehran, Iran j Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran k Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran l Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran m Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 202