3,129 research outputs found
Hyper-Rayleigh scattering in centrosymmetric systems
Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) is an incoherent mechanism for optical second harmonic generation. The frequency-doubled light that emerges from this mechanism is not emitted in a laser-like manner, in the forward direction; it is scattered in all directions. The underlying theory for this effect involves terms that are quadratic in the incident field and involves an even-order optical susceptibility (for a molecule, its associated hyperpolarizability). In consequence, HRS is often regarded as formally forbidden in centrosymmetric media. However, for the fundamental three-photon interaction, theory based on the standard electric dipole approximation, representable as E13, does not account for all experimental observations. The relevant results emerge upon extending the theory to include E12M1 and E12E2 contributions, incorporating one magnetic dipolar or electric quadrupolar interaction, respectively, to a consistent level of multipolar expansion. Both additional interactions require the deployment of higher orders in the multipole expansion, with the E12E2 interaction analogous in rank and parity to a four-wave susceptibility. To elicit the correct form of response from fluid or disordered media invites a tensor representation which does not oversimplify the molecular components, yet which can produce results to facilitate the interpretation of experimental observations. The detailed derivation in this work leads to results which are summarized for the following: perpendicular detection of polarization components both parallel and perpendicular to the pump radiation, leading to distinct polarization ratio results, as well as a reversal ratio for forward scattered circular polarizations. The results provide a route to handling data with direct physical interpretation, to enable the more sophisticated design of molecules with sought nonlinear optical properties
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Pre-clinical development of a lentiviral vector expressing the anti-sickling beta AS3 globin for gene therapy for sickle-cell disease
Metastatic Crohn's Disease of the Ear
Objective. We reported a very rare case of metastatic Crohn's disease involving the retro-auricular region. Method. A case report and a review of literature concerning metastatic Crohn's disease.
Results. Metastatic Crohn's disease is an uncommon extraintestinal cutaneous manifestation of Crohn's disease and a very rare case involving the retro-auricular region is reported here. Given the limited existing literature little is known about this condition. The skin lesions appear to have a predilection for the lower trunk and genitalia regions. There is no clear association with the severity of Crohn's disease and in some cases, the cutaneous lesions predate the onset of gastrointestinal Crohn's disease. Treatment with immune-modulating medications together with the antitumour necrosis factor monoclonal antibody therapy appears to offer the best chance of remission. Conclusion. By reporting this interesting and rare condition we also hope to highlight the importance of considering underlying chronic systemic disorders, such as Crohn's disease, when presented with skin lesions resistant to simple local treatments
Solar-driven variation in the atmosphere of Uranus
Long-term measurements (1972-2015) of the reflectivity of Uranus at 472 and 551 nm display variability that is incompletely explained by seasonal effects. Spectral analysis shows this non-seasonal variability tracks the 11-year solar cycle. Two mechanisms could cause solar modulation, (a) nucleation onto ions or electrons created by galactic cosmic rays (GCR), or (b) UV-induced aerosol colour changes. Ion-aerosol theory is used to identify
expected relationships between reflectivity fluctuations and GCR flux, tested with multiple regression and compared to the linear response predicted between reflectivity and solar UV flux. The statistics show that 24% of the variance in reflectivity fluctuations at 472 nm is explained by GCR ion-induced nucleation, compared to 22% for a UV-only mechanism. Similar GCR-related variability exists in Neptuneâs atmosphere, hence the effects found at Uranus provide the first example of common variability in two planetary atmospheres driven
through energetic particle modulation by their host star
Submillimeter continuum observations of Sagittarius B2 at subarcsecond spatial resolution
We report the first high spatial resolution submillimeter continuum
observations of the Sagittarius B2 cloud complex using the Submillimeter Array
(SMA). With the subarcsecond resolution provided by the SMA, the two massive
star-forming clumps Sgr B2(N) and Sgr B2(M) are resolved into multiple compact
sources. In total, twelve submillimeter cores are identified in the Sgr B2(M)
region, while only two components are observed in the Sgr B2(N) clump. The gas
mass and column density are estimated from the dust continuum emission. We find
that most of the cores have gas masses in excess of 100 M and column
densities above 10 cm. The very fragmented appearance of Sgr
B2(M), in contrast to the monolithic structure of Sgr B2 (N), suggests that the
former is more evolved. The density profile of the Sgr B2(N)-SMA1 core is well
fitted by a Plummer density distribution. This would lead one to believe that
in the evolutionary sequence of the Sgr B2 cloud complex, a massive star forms
first in an homogeneous core, and the rest of the cluster forms subsequently in
the then fragmenting structure.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted by A&A letter
2.7 Ga plume associated VMS mineralisation in the Eastern Goldfields Superterrane: insights from the Ag-Zn-(Au) Nimbus deposit
Collaboration in sensor network research: an in-depth longitudinal analysis of assortative mixing patterns
Many investigations of scientific collaboration are based on statistical
analyses of large networks constructed from bibliographic repositories. These
investigations often rely on a wealth of bibliographic data, but very little or
no other information about the individuals in the network, and thus, fail to
illustrate the broader social and academic landscape in which collaboration
takes place. In this article, we perform an in-depth longitudinal analysis of a
relatively small network of scientific collaboration (N = 291) constructed from
the bibliographic record of a research center involved in the development and
application of sensor network and wireless technologies. We perform a
preliminary analysis of selected structural properties of the network,
computing its range, configuration and topology. We then support our
preliminary statistical analysis with an in-depth temporal investigation of the
assortative mixing of selected node characteristics, unveiling the researchers'
propensity to collaborate preferentially with others with a similar academic
profile. Our qualitative analysis of mixing patterns offers clues as to the
nature of the scientific community being modeled in relation to its
organizational, disciplinary, institutional, and international arrangements of
collaboration.Comment: Scientometrics (In press
Provinciality and the Art World: The Midland Group 1961- 1977
This paper takes as its focus the Midland Group Gallery in order to first, make a case for the consideration of the geographies of art galleries. Second, highlight the importance of galleries in the context of cultural geographies of the sixties. Third, discuss the role of provinciality in the operation of art worlds. In so doing it explicates one set of geographies surrounding the gallery
â those of the local, regional and international networks that connected to produce art works and art space. It reveals how the interactions between places and practices outside of metropolitan and regional hierarchies provides a more nuanced insight into how art worlds operated during the
sixties, a period of growing internationalism of art, and how contested definitions of the provincial played an integral role in this. The paper charts the operations of the Midland Group Gallery and the spaces that it occupied to demonstrate how it was representative of a post-war
discourse of provincialism and a corresponding re-evaluation of regional cultural activity
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