11,530 research outputs found
Mean first passage time for fission potentials having structure
A schematic model of over-damped motion is presented which permits one to
calculate the mean first passage time for nuclear fission. Its asymptotic value
may exceed considerably the lifetime suggested by Kramers rate formula, which
applies only to very special, favorable potentials and temperatures. The
additional time obtained in the more general case is seen to allow for a
considerable increment in the emission of light particles.Comment: 7 pages, LaTex, 7 postscript figures; Keywords: Decay rate, mean
first passage tim
Simulation of space charge and integer resonance crossing in storage rings and its application to heavy ion fusion
Controlling the quantum number distribution and yield of Rydberg states via the duration of the laser pulse
We show that the distribution of quantum numbers of Rydberg states does not
only depend on the field strength and wavelength of the laser which the atom is
exposed to, but that it also changes significantly with the duration of the
laser pulse. We provide an intuitive explanation for the underlying mechanism
and derive a scaling law for the position of the peak in the quantum number
distribution on the pulse duration. The new analytic description for the
electron's movement in the superposed laser and Coulomb field (applied in the
study of quantum numbers) is then used to explain the decrease of the Rydberg
yield with longer pulse durations. This description stands in contrast to the
concepts that explained the decrease so far and also reveals that
approximations which neglect Coulomb effects during propagation are not
sufficient in cases such as this.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Wave breaking and particle jets in intense inhomogeneous charged beams
This work analyzes the dynamics of inhomogeneous, magnetically focused
high-intensity beams of charged particles. While for homogeneous beams the
whole system oscillates with a single frequency, any inhomogeneity leads to
propagating transverse density waves which eventually result in a singular
density build up, causing wave breaking and jet formation. The theory presented
in this paper allows to analytically calculate the time at which the wave
breaking takes place. It also gives a good estimate of the time necessary for
the beam to relax into the final stationary state consisting of a cold core
surrounded by a halo of highly energetic particles.Comment: Accepted in Physics of Plasma Letter
Comparison of techniques to reconstruct VHE gamma-ray showers from multiple stereoscopic Cherenkov images
For air showers observed simultaneously by more than two imaging atmospheric
Cherenkov telescopes, the shower geometry is overconstrained by the images and
image information should be combined taking into account the quality of the
images. Different algorithms are discussed and tested experimentally using data
obtained from observations of Mkn 501 with the HEGRA IACT system. Most of these
algorithms provide an estimate of the accuracy of the reconstruction of shower
geometry on an event-by-event basis, allowing, e.g., to select higher-quality
subsamples for precision measurements.Comment: 14 Pages, 6 figures, Late
Quantum parallelism of the controlled-NOT operation: an experimental criterion for the evaluation of device performance
It is shown that a quantum controlled-NOT gate simultaneously performs the
logical functions of three distinct conditional local operations. Each of these
local operations can be verified by measuring a corresponding truth table of
four local inputs and four local outputs. The quantum parallelism of the gate
can then be observed directly in a set of three simple experimental tests, each
of which has a clear intuitive interpretation in terms of classical logical
operations. Specifically, quantum parallelism is achieved if the average
fidelity of the three classical operations exceeds 2/3. It is thus possible to
evaluate the essential quantum parallelism of an experimental controlled-NOT
gate by testing only three characteristic classical operations performed by the
gate.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, added references and discussio
Beam Dynamics of Non-Equipartitioned Beams in the Case of the SPL Project at CERN
The SPL [1] working group at CERN is studying a 2.2 GeV H- linac, which recuperates a large amount of RF hardware from the now decommissioned LEP at CERN. During the ongoing design effort for an optimized layout, it was found that in some cases non-equipartitioned beams tend to exchange energy between the longitudinal and the transverse planes. Strict energy equipartition, however, imposes tight restrictions on such a high energy linac and often contradicts the goal of cost effective design. On the other hand, stability charts derived from 2D Vlasov analysis suggest the existence of stable non-equipartitioned equilibria in certain regions of parameter space. Due to the low bunch current (22 mA) in the SPL, these regions are large enough to ensure stable machine operation for non-equipartitioned beams. Systematic multiparticle simulations with IMPACT [2] are used to apply the stability charts to the beam dynamics design of a realistic high energy linac. Using the example of the SPL, it is shown that designs with stable non-equipartitioned bunches are feasible, and how these designs react to mismatched input beams
On The Stability And Diagnostics Of Heavy Ions In Storage rings With High phase Space Density
- …