Pädagogische Situationen im Spiegel von Fotografien. Qualitative Bildanalyse als Mittel der Reflexion und Evaluation

Nicht nur aus dem Wunsch, sich selbst zu verbessern, sondern auch aus aktuellen Anforderungen von Politik, Wissenschaft und nicht zuletzt den Besuchern ist eine fortschreitende Professionalisierung der museumspädagogischen Arbeit gefragt. Aus diesem Grund haben wir versucht, praktikable und erfolgversprechende Methoden hierfür zu erproben. Im Folgenden möchten wir die qualitativ-empirische Fotoanalyse als sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungsmethode vorstellen und berichten, wie wir sie als Mittel der Selbstreflexion und Evaluation in der Museumspädagogik eingesetzt haben und schließlich Empfehlungen für die Nutzung geben. (DIPF/Autor

An Evaluation of a Suicide Prevention E-Learning Program for Police Officers (COPS): Improvement in Knowledge and Competence

Background: Police officers are at high risk for mental and physical health problems and suicidal ideation. The specific risk factors are numerous and concern stressful missions and administrative aspects of the police profession. So far, the police get only little training on specific missions as well as on coping with stress and suicidal ideation in the police profession. In this study we test the efficacy of the online training COPS (Coping with Suicide) for police officers. Methods: A total of 142 police officers fromGermany and Switzerland participated in the study; complete data (baseline and post) are available from 102 participants. The training consisted of three modules covering the topics of delivering death notifications, dealing with individuals with suicidal ideation and dealing with one’s own distress and suicidal ideation in the police profession. The primary outcomes are perceived knowledge and self-rated competence regarding the contents of the program, actual knowledge as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety (PHQ-9), and attitudes toward suicide (ATTS). The data are collected at baseline and after completing the training. Results: We found a significant increase in knowledge as well as in perceived competence after completing the training. Mental health and attitudes toward suicide did not change significantly. Years on the job had no moderating effect on the effectiveness of the training. Discussion: The results suggest that a short e-learning program significantly improves knowledge and self-rated competence in delivering death notifications, in suicide prevention and stress management. It can be easily integrated into the daily routine of police-officers, and participants could participate at their own pace and from any location. One limitation of this study is the lack of a control-group. Further advantages and limitations of this study are discussed

Charm and Hidden Charm Scalar Resonances in Nuclear Matter

We study the properties of the scalar charm resonances $D_{s0}(2317)$ and $D_0(2400)$, and the theoretical hidden charm state X(3700) in nuclear matter. We find that for the $D_{s0}(2317)$ and X(3700) resonances, with negligible and small width at zero density, respectively, the width becomes about $100 {\rm MeV}$ and $200 {\rm MeV}$ at normal nuclear matter density, accordingly. For $D_0(2400)$ the change in width is relatively less important. We discuss the origin of this new width and trace it to reactions occurring in the nucleus. We also propose a possible experimental test for those modifications in nuclear matter, which will bring valuable information on the nature of those scalar resonances and the interaction of $D$ mesons with nucleons.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the International Conference on Particles And Nuclei (PANIC08), Eilat, Israel, November 9-14, 200

Nachhaltige Synthese von Phenolen aus Benzol und Lignin mittels Stickoxiden

Engl.: In the doctoral thesis Sustainable synthesis of phenols from benzenes and lignin based on nitrogen oxides“ methods were successfully developed, which combine the denitrification with the synthesis of valuable products. Therefore, nitrogen monoxide was used for the photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol, for the selective oxidation of lignin model systems and for the depolymerization of the natural substance lignin. Dt.: In der Dissertation mit dem Titel „Sustainable synthesis of phenols from benzenes and lignin based on nitrogen oxides“ wurden erfolgreich Methoden entwickelt, welche die Entstickung und die Synthese von Phenolen in einem Prozess vereinen und dabei eine neue Art der Wiederverwertung von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) darstellen. Dabei wurde Stickstoffmonoxid zum einen für die photokatalysierte Oxidation von Benzol zu Phenol verwendet, desweiteren für die selektive Oxidation der Benzylposition von Lignin Modellsystemen (MS) und zuletzt für die Depolymerisation des Naturstoffes Lignin

Exploring the hidden welfare problem of gastric ulceration in sows: behaviour and saliva composition as possible methods of diagnosis

Gastric ulcers are highly prevalent in the pig industry and evidence suggests probably affect pigs in all productive stages. Gastric ulcers affect pig welfare as they cause some degree of discomfort or pain (observed by a change in behaviour) as well as impacting performance. Gastric ulceration is a hidden problem as it is difficult to identify in living pigs and there is no method of diagnosis that is both non-invasive and affordable. In this thesis, I hypothesised that re-directed oral behaviours (e.g. sham chewing, biting bars) and changes in saliva characteristics may be of use for the diagnosis of gastric ulceration in pigs. Re-directed oral behaviours have been largely related with chronic hunger in sows which appear as a way to cope with a diet and environment that does not fulfil sows’ nutritional and behavioural needs. However, these behaviours have also been observed in finishing pigs as well as in gilts and sows fed ad libitum. Furthermore, there is some evidence that the behaviour of finishing pigs changes with the presence of gastric ulcers. Saliva composition has been reported to change with various illnesses or conditions but also, recently, with the presence of gastric ulcers in finishing pigs. Chapter 2 describes oral behaviours present in finishing pigs and compares them to the behaviour of sows. All oral behaviours studied were observed in finishing pigs, and the rate was the same as compared to sows. The behaviours which were least frequent and performed by the least number of animals in both finishing pigs and gestating sows were self-directed oral behaviours. Self-directed oral behaviours are much more difficult to explain in finishing pigs as opposed to oral behaviours that involve the interaction with an object or conspecific. Chapter 3 explored the relationship between self-directed oral behaviours (chewing movements, wind sucking, tongue playing and jaw stretching) and the presence of gastric ulcers in finishing pigs. All self-directed oral behaviours, but jaw stretching, were observed in both pigs with healthy and ulcerated stomachs (video observations). All observed behaviours were the same between both groups. Chapter 4 explores the relationship between re-directed oral behaviours (live observations) as well as salivary composition and pH with gastric ulceration in gestating and lactating sows. All sows were found to have some level of ulceration and the prevalence of gastric ulcers was 67.57%. The rate of re-directed oral behaviours was not affected by overall stomach score or lesion score during either gestation or lactation. Salivary pH was not affected by stomach integrity. Saliva composition changed with the overall stomach score and lesion score in gestating and lactating sows. Lipoxin A4, Succinic acid and L-Histidine were identified as possible biomarkers of gastric ulceration. Chapter 5 is a systematic literature review of the variation of re-directed oral behaviours according to housing system, diet and feeding practices, and environmental enrichment in gestating gilts and sows. All of the results of the included studies can be explained by ‘chronic hunger’ theory or their housing environment. Although the design of these studies was to test factors which relate to hunger and re-directed foraging, rather than the health of the upper digestive system. This thesis shows that oral behaviours do not have a clear link with gastric ulceration in finishing pigs, or in gestating and lactating sows. However, oral behaviours were observed in finishing pigs and some of these remain unexplained (e.g. self-directed oral behaviours). Also, all re-directed oral behaviours in gestating gilts and sows can be explained by chronic hunger or housing environment as shown by the systematic literature review. Possibly, the remaining unexplained oral behaviours may be a response to an environment that is still insufficient for the pig to fulfill its behavioural needs and/or other conditions affecting the upper digestive system. Saliva composition is linked to gastric ulceration in gestating and lactating sows, and possible biomarkers were identified in this thesis. More studies are needed to identify and validate biomarkers for gastric ulceration in pigs

Structural-Functional Characterization and Physiological Significance of Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductase from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is a phytopathogen bacterium that causes severe citrus canker disease. Similar to other phytopathogens, after infection by this bacterium, plants trigger a defense mechanism that produces reactive oxygen species. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNRs) are redox flavoenzymes that participate in several metabolic functions, including the response to reactive oxygen species. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri has a gene (fpr) that encodes for a FNR (Xac-FNR) that belongs to the subclass I bacterial FNRs. The aim of this work was to search for the physiological role of this enzyme and to characterize its structural and functional properties. The functionality of Xac-FNR was tested by cross-complementation of a FNR knockout Escherichia coli strain, which exhibit high susceptibility to agents that produce an abnormal accumulation of •O2-. Xac-FNR was able to substitute for the FNR in E. coli in its antioxidant role. The expression of fpr in X. axonopodis pv. citri was assessed using semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. A 2.2-fold induction was observed in the presence of the superoxide-generating agents methyl viologen and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Structural and functional studies showed that Xac-FNR displayed different functional features from other subclass I bacterial FNRs. Our analyses suggest that these differences may be due to the unusual carboxy-terminal region. We propose a further classification of subclass I bacterial FNRs, which is useful to determine the nature of their ferredoxin redox partners. Using sequence analysis, we identified a ferredoxin (XAC1762) as a potential substrate of Xac-FNR. The purified ferredoxin protein displayed the typical broad UV-visible spectrum of [4Fe-4S] clusters and was able to function as substrate of Xac-FNR in the cytochrome c reductase activity. Our results suggest that Xac-FNR is involved in the oxidative stress response of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and performs its biological function most likely through the interaction with ferredoxin XAC1762

Kinderkriegen als sozial distribuierte Praxis: Drei empirische Studien und ihr geteilter Horizont

Im Einführungsvortrag zur Ad-Hoc-Gruppe haben wir unsere qualitativ-empirischen Promotionsprojekte hinsichtlich ihres geteilten thematischen Horizonts miteinander ins Gespräch gebracht: Während wir uns mit dem Blick auf Paare in reproduktionsmedizinischer Kinderwunschbehandlung (Peter Hofmann), auf die Herstellung von Vaterschaftspositionen (Laura Völkle), und auf die soziale Konstruktion des "eigenen Kindes" (Nora Lege) unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen widmen, gruppieren sich unsere Forschungsarbeiten um dasselbe soziale Phänomen des Kinderkriegens. Dieses verstehen wir als eine sozial distribuierte Praxis, an der unterschiedliche Akteurstypen, Wissensformen, Körper und Techniken beteiligt sind und welche lange vor der Verschmelzung von Keimzellen beginnt sowie weit über die Geburt eines Kindes hinausreicht.Grob unterschieden, untersuchen die genannten Studien schwerpunktmäßig jeweils eine der drei Dimensionen, die angesichts der zunehmenden Pluralisierung des Kinderkriegens in den letzten Jahrzehnten neu zur Disposition stehen: 1. Wie entstehen Kinder? 2. Wer bekommt sie? 3. Und warum? Peter Hofmann nimmt das "Wie" der Zeugungspraktiken in den Blick und fragt nach der soziomateriellen Praxis, die sich von der Lebenswelt der Paare über die Ärzt:innen-Patient:innenbeziehung bis hinein ins IVF-Labor erstreckt. Laura Völkle wiederum fragt wer am Prozess der Hervorbringung des Kindes beteiligt ist und welche Formen von Beziehungen, Zugehörigkeiten und Elternschaftspositionen aus dieser Beteiligung erwachsen. Zu guter Letzt fragt Nora Lege mit der alltagsweltlichen Konstruktion des "eigenen Kindes" nach der subjektiven Bedeutung des Kinderkriegens für die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung und somit nach dem "Warum" des Kinderkriegens.Ausgehend von unserem gemeinsamen thematischen Horizont und den unterschiedlichen dimensionalen Gewichtungen haben wir uns mit dem Vortrag auf eine sozialtheoretische Spurensuche begeben: Welche Überschneidungen ergeben sich aus den unterschiedlichen Zugängen? Wie tragen die drei genannten Dimensionen zur sozialen Sinnkonstitution des Kinderkriegens bei und welche gemeinsamen sozialtheoretischen Fragen lassen sich finden? In der Gesamtschau der Studien sollten Anknüpfungspunkte und Differenzlinien, aber auch blinde Flecke identifiziert und für die Diskussion geöffnet werden