In situ analysis of oxygen isotopes and Fe/Mg ratios in olivine using SIMS: Preliminary results for an Allende chondrule

A secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS; CAMECA ims-6f) was used for in situ spot analyses of chemical and oxygen isotopic compositions in olivine. San Carlos olivine and Burma spinel were used for oxygen isotope standards. Repeated analyses of oxygen isotopes were performed using these terrestrial standards by changing several factors which might control instrumental mass fractionation (such as entrance slit position, field aperture position, etc.) and conditions required for reproducible oxygen isotope analysis were investigated. For an optimum condition, the results of &acd;40 min analyses were reproducible within ±3‰ (1σ) for ^O/^O and ±2‰ (1σ) for ^O/^O. For chemical composition (e.g., Fe/Mg ratio) analyses, calibration was made using various terrestrial olivine grains with EPMA data. The oxygen isotope and Fe/Mg ratio analyses were performed for olivine grains in an Allende chondrule, which seems to be a compound chondrule consisting of two parts, (I) and (II). The results show that most of the analyzed points (14 out of 17 points) have relatively ^O-rich compositions (δ^O=-14 to -4‰ and δ^O=-10 to -5‰), while three points near the edge of the chondrule (two points belong to (I) and one belongs to (II)) have relatively ^O-poor compositions (δ^O=-6 to -1‰ and δ^O=&acd;0‰). The latter three points are more FeO-rich (the Fe/(Fe+Mg) atomic ratios of 4.5-8.2%) than the others (1.6-4.4%; mostly <3.2%). The present results, though rather preliminary, suggest that there is heterogeneity in oxygen isotopic composition even within a single chondrule

Hibonite-bearing inclusions from Murchison (CM2) meteorite: A Mg isotopic study using a NanoSIMS.

第2回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月17日（木） 国立国語研究所 2階講

Relaciones entre identidad Nikkei e identidad nacional peruana: identidad fusionada y su relación con la distancia social

El objetivo de la presente investigación es explorar la relación entre la identidad étnica Nikkei, identidad nacional y la distancia social hacia peruanos no Nikkeis en miembros de la comunidad Nikkei peruana que presentan una fusión identitaria con la categoría socio étnica y los que no. Participaron del estudio 142 personas de ascendencia japonesa (Nikkeis), quienes fueron contactados a través de redes sociales, correo electrónico y de manera presencial. Los resultados muestran que 19% de participantes tenían una alta fusión con el grupo socio étnico Nikkei quienes percibían de manera más positiva a los miembros del endogrupo en comparación a cómo percibían a los peruanos no Nikkeis. Los resultados mostraron que existe una relación directa entre la autoestima colectiva, la identidad nacional, la identidad Nikkei y los auto-estereotipos. Además, se reportó que los individuos fusionados poseían mayores niveles de distanciamiento social en comparación a los individuos no fusionados. Por último, se halló que la comunidad Nikkei tiende a percibirse como más honestos y competentes en comparación a la comunidad peruana, a la cual percibían como más cálida.The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between Nikkei ethnic identity, Peruvian national identity and social distance towards non-Nikkei Peruvians in members of the Peruvian Nikkei community who present an identity fusion with the socio-ethnic category and those who do not. 142 Nikkei participated in the study, who were contacted through social networks, email and in person. The results show that 19% of participants had a high fusion with the Nikkei socio-ethnic group who perceived the members of the endogroup more positively compared to how they perceived the non-Nikkei Peruvians. The results showed that there is a direct relationship between collective self-esteem, national identity, Nikkei identity, and selfstereotypes. Furthermore, fused individuals were reported to have higher levels of social distancing compared to unfused individuals. Finally, it was found that the Nikkei community tends to perceive themselves as more honest and competent compared to the Peruvian community, which they perceived as warmer

Ultra-refractory metal grains in hibonite-bearing inclusions with highly fractionated Mg isotopes.

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月30日（金） 国立国語研究所 2階講

Igneous clasts in the Northwest Africa 801 CR2 chondrite: REE and oxygen isotopic studies.

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第35回南極隕石シンポジウム 11月30日（金） 国立国語研究所 2階講

General characterization of Antarctic micrometeorites collected by the 39th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition: Consortium studies of JARE AMMs (III)

From November 1998 to January 1999,the 39th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-39) undertook Japanese first large-scale collection of Antarctic micrometeorites (AMMs), with sizes larger than 10μm, at the Meteorite Ice Field around the Yamato Mountains in Antarctica (at three different locations, for a total of 24 collection sites). The number of collected AMMs larger than 40μm is estimated to be about 5000. Here we present the general characterization (i.e., micro-morphology and surface chemical composition using SEM/EDS) of &acd;810 AMMs chosen from 5 of the 24 sites. Additionally, the mineral composition of 61 out of 810 AMMs was determined by Synchrotron X-ray radiation. Preliminary results on mineralogical and chemical compositions show similarities with that of previous studies, even though a pronounced alteration of some AMMs is noticed. A correlation is found between the Mg/Si ratio at the sample\u27s surfaces of unmelted AMMs and the age of snow/ice in which the AMMs are embedded

Crustal noble gases in deep brines as natural tracers of vertical transport processes in the Michigan Basin

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94594/1/ggge1543.pd

Fingerprinting coal-derived gases from the UK

The large-scale extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons in the United States has led to fears of methane contamination of shallow groundwaters. Differentiating between the deep gas released during extraction (shale gas, coal bed methane and underground coal gasification) and natural shallow-sourced methane is imperative for the monitoring and managing of environmental risks related to the extraction process. Here, for the first time, we present measurements of the major gas, and stable and noble gas isotope composition of coal bed methane (CBM) from central Scotland and coal mine methane (CMM) from central England, UK. The molecular (C1/(C2+C3) = 21 to 120) and stable isotope compositions (δ13CCH4 = -39.5 to -51.1‰; δDCH4 = -163 to -238‰) indicate a thermogenic origin for the methane. They are distinct from the majority of shallow-sourced gases in UK. Both sample suites exhibit high He concentrations (338 to 2980 ppmv) that are considerably above atmospheric and groundwater levels. Simple modelling shows that these high 4He concentrations cannot be solely derived from in situ production since coal deposition, and hence the majority is derived from the surrounding crust. The Scottish CBM contains a resolvable mantle He, Ne and Ar contribution that may originate from melts in the deep crust, demonstrating the UK coals have acted as a store for deep volatiles for 10s of millions of years. The high 4He in the coal-derived gases has the potential to be used as a novel diagnostic fingerprint to track fugitive release of deep methane from future unconventional gas extraction operations in the UK