Subject index and checklist of history and archaeology dissertations and research essays submitted at the University of Botswana, 1976 - 1998

Four MA dissertations and 222 BA research essays are listed alphabetically, and indexed by reference number under three subject categories-geographical area (by district, etc.), ethnic group, and a general subject index of 42 headings. All but 31 of the 226 alphabetical entries contain research solely on Botswana: the other countries being South Africa (12 entries), Zimbabwe (11), Namibia (6), Angola and Zambia (1 each). The most researched district of Botswana is Central (54 entries), followed by Kgatleng and Kweneng (25 each), North-East (24), South-East (16), Southern (9), Ngamiland (6), Chobe and Ghanzi (3 each), and Kgalagadi (2). The subject index of 29 ethnic groups ranges from Afrikaners (2 entries) and Amandebele (2) through Babirwa (7), Bakalanga (24), Bakgatla (27), Bakhalagari (4), Bakwena (21), Bangwato (19), Basarwa (5), and Batlharo (1), to Indians (3) and Ovambanderu (2). The general subject index ranges from Administration (29 entries), Agriculture (18), and Archaeology (21), through Biography (28), Cattle (7), Chieftainship (27), Class formation (7), Councils (7), Economic development (23), Education (14), and Heritage management (7), to Labour and labour migration (7), Medicine (4), Nationalism (13), Religion (15), Serfdom, servitude and slavery (7), Settlement history (19), Trade and commerce (13), Trade unions (6), and Urbanization (15). With the notable exception of one MA dissertation, there is a lack of cultural studies which may partly be attributed to research being done instead under the aegis of other departments in the Faculty of Humanities

A Comparative Study of the Valence Electronic Excitations of N_2 by Inelastic X-ray and Electron Scattering

Bound state, valence electronic excitation spectra of N_2 are probed by nonresonant inelastic x-ray and electron scattering. Within the usual theoretical treatments, dynamical structure factors derived from the two probes should be identical. However, we find strong disagreements outside the dipole scattering limit, even at high probe energies. This suggests an unexpectedly important contribution from intra-molecular multiple scattering of the probe electron from core electrons or the nucleus. These effects should grow progressively stronger as the atomic number of the target species increases.Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters April 27, 2010. 12 pages including 2 figure pages

Magnetic susceptibilities, specific heat, and crystal structure of four S = 3/2, three-dimensional antiferromagnets

The zero-field, ac magnetic susceptibilities of single crystals of four S=3/2 trigonal salts containing the tris(1,2-diaminoethane)chromium(III) cation, [Cr(en)3]3+, and heat-capacity measurements on one of them, [Na(OH2)6][Cr(en)3]2Cl7, are reported. The crystal structures of two of them, [Na(OH2)6][Cr(en3]2Cl7 and [Na(OH)2)6][Cr(en)3]2Br6Cl, have been determined. They both belong to the trigonal P3¯cl space group, with a=11.513(2), c=15.566(6) Å; Z=2; and a=11.740(5), c=16.008(9) Å; Z=2, respectively, and contain discrete octahedral hexaquasodium (i) cations. The salt [K(OH2)6][Cr(en)3]2Cl7 appears to be isomorphous with its sodium analog, and [Cr(en)3]Cl3·3H2O belongs to the same space group. The magnetic measurements on the four salts extend over the temperature interval 60 mK to 4.2 K, and antiferromagnetic ordering is found in all of them. The zero-field-splitting energy is of the same order of magnitude as the magnetic exchange energy. The susceptibility data have been fitted with the parameters 2D/kB=-0.091(8) K, g?=1.994, g¿=1.988, and zJ/kB=-0.061(2) K for [Cr(en)3]Cl3·3H2O; 2D/kB=-0.058(8) K, g?=2.01, g¿=2.00, and zJ/kB=-0.068(4) K for [Na(OH2)6][Cr(en)3]2Cl7; 2D/kB =-0.060(8) K, g?=1.993, g¿=1.951, and zJ/kB=-0.046(4) K for [K(OH2)6][Cr(en)3]2Cl7; and 2D/kB=+0.064(8) K, g?=2.001, g¿=1.991, and zJ/kB=-0.066(4) K for [Na(OH2)6][Cr(en)3]2Br6Cl, where longitudinal (¿) and transverse (¿) refer to the unique threefold crystallographic axis. The ordering temperatures are 0.124(5), 0.116(5), 0.093(5), and 0.112(5) K, respectively. The easy axis for the chloride compounds lies parallel to the longitudinal axis, whereas the easy axis for the bromide lies in the transverse plane. Heat-capacity measurements on [Na(OH2)6][Cr(en)3]2Cl7 confirm that magnetic ordering takes place at 0.112(5) K. The heat-capacity curve and magnetic entropy calculations agree with the three-dimensional character of the ordering of an S=3/2, effective bcc magnetic lattice

Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation of rapid directional solidification

We present the results of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations for the growth of a solid binary alloy from its liquid phase. The regime of high pulling velocities, $V$, for which there is a progressive transition from solute segregation to solute trapping, is considered. In the segregation regime, we recover the exponential form of the concentration profile within the liquid phase. Solute trapping is shown to settle in progressively as $V$ is increased and our results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Aziz [J. Appl. Phys. {\bf 53}, 1158 (1981)]. In addition, the fluid advection velocity is shown to remain directly proportional to $V$, even at the highest velocities considered here ($V\simeq10$ms$^{-1}$).Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.

It's in the loop: shared sub-surface foot kinematics in birds and other dinosaurs shed light on a new dimension of fossil track diversity

The feet of ground-dwelling birds retain many features of their dinosaurian ancestry. Experiments with living species offer insights into the complex interplay among anatomy, kinematics and substrate during the formation of Mesozoic footprints. However, a key aspect of the track-making process, sub-surface foot movement, is hindered by substrate opacity. Here, we use biplanar X-rays to image guineafowl walking through radiolucent substrates of different consistency (solid, dry granular, firm to semi-liquid muds). Despite substantial kinematic variation, the foot consistently moves in a looping pattern below ground. As the foot sinks and then withdraws, the claws of the three main toes create entry and exit paths in different locations. Sampling these paths at incremental horizons captures two-dimensional features just as fossil tracks do, allowing depth-based zones to be characterized by the presence and relative position of digit impressions. Examination of deep, penetrative tracks from the Early Jurassic confirms that bipeds had an equivalent looping response to soft substrates approximately 200 Ma. Our integration of extant and extinct evidence demonstrates the influence of substrate properties on sinking depth and sub-surface foot motion, both of which are significant sources of track variation in the fossil record of dinosaurs

Religion and religious education : comparing and contrasting pupils’ and teachers’ views in an English school

This publication builds on and develops the English findings of the qualitative study of European teenagers’ perspectives on religion and religious education (Knauth et al. 2008), part of ‘Religion in Education: A contribution to dialogue or a factor of conflict in transforming societies of European countries?’ (REDCo) project. It uses data gathered from 27 pupils, aged 15-16, from a school in a multicultural Northern town in England and compares those findings with data gathered from ten teachers in the humanities faculty of the same school, collected during research for the Warwick REDCo Community of Practice. Comparisons are drawn between the teachers’ and their pupils’ attitudes and values using the same structure as the European study: personal views and experiences of religion, the social dimension of religion, and religious education in school. The discussion offers an analysis of the similarities and differences in worldviews and beliefs which emerged. These include religious commitment/observance differences between the mainly Muslim-heritage pupils and their mainly non-practising Christian-heritage teachers. The research should inform the ways in which the statutory duties to promote community cohesion and equalities can be implemented in schools. It should also facilitate intercultural and interreligious understanding between teachers and the pupils from different ethnic and religious backgrounds

Green Infrastructure Assessment Tools for Varying Scales in Coastal South Carolina

2010 S.C. water Resources Conference - Science and Policy Challenges for a Sustainable Futur

Dinosaur tracks from the Kilmaluag Formation (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of Score Bay, Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK

Tracks of a juvenile theropod dinosaur with footprint lengths of between 2 and 9 cm as well as adults of the same ichnospecies with footprints of about 15–25 cm in length were found in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) Kilmaluag Formation of Score Bay, northwestern Trotternish Peninsula, Isle of Skye, Scotland, UK. Two footprint sizes occur together on the same bedding plane in the central portion of Score Bay, both in situ and on loose blocks. Another horizon containing footprints above this was also identified. The footprints from the lowest horizon were produced in a desiccated silty mud that was covered with sand. A close association of both adults and juveniles with similar travel direction indicated by the footprints may suggest post-hatching care in theropod dinosaurs. Other footprints, produced on a rippled sandy substrate, have been found on the slightly higher bedding plane at this locality. Loose blocks found 130 m to the northeast in the central part of Score Bay have not been correlated with any in situ sediments, but were preserved in a similar manner to those from the higher bedding plane. These tracks represent the youngest dinosaur remains yet found in Scotland

Signatures of stirring and mixing near the Gulf Stream front

In October, 1986 the surface waters adjacent to the Gulf Stream front were surveyed with an undulating profiler to describe the finescale structure of the mixed layer. The profiler was a Seasoar equipped with a CTD and fluorometer. The survey first defined the structure of a cyclonic eddy which resembled frontal eddies of the South Atlantic Bight in sea surface temperature imagery. The Seasoar transects revealed, however, that the cyclonic eddy lacked a cold dome typically seen in frontal eddies. Farther downstream the Seasoar defined the structure of streamers of Gulf Stream and Shelf water wrapped about the southern edge of a warm-core ring. The streamers had lateral and along-axis dimensions on the order of ≈ 10 km and 100 km, respectively, and were bordered by narrow intrusive features. The temporal history of the streamers was described from SST imagery, and the surface flow derived from ship\u27s drift vectors. CTD casts taken while following an isopycnal float provided a means to examine the structure of the intrusive features. Interleaving was evident at the boundaries of the streamers and intrusive features where high conductivity Cox numbers were concentrated, suggesting elevated microstructure activity. The Turner angle distribution, indicating either saltfingering or diffusive convection, did not correlate well with the Cox number distribution. This is interpreted as evidence that lateral, rather than diapycnal, mixing was the process mediating the exchange of properties at the boundaries of contrasting water types. In contrast to physical properties, the distribution of fluorescence showed relatively less structure in the surface layer between the ring and Gulf Stream front. In the surface layers of the two streamers the pigment and bacterial biomass, and the diatom species composition, were typical of Slope water communities. We hypothesize that small-scale mixing processes concentrated at the boundaries of the streamers were the mechanism by which Slope water plankton were seeded into streamers of different hydrographic origins. Presumably, high netplankton growth rates allowed the Slope water species to dominate the communities in the streamers

The sweet spot in sustainability: a framework for corporate assessment in sugar manufacturing

The assessment of corporate sustainability has become an increasingly important topic, both within academia and in industry. For manufacturing companies to conform to their commitments to sustainable development, a standard and reliable measurement framework is required. There is, however, a lack of sector-specific and empirical research in many areas, including the sugar industry. This paper presents an empirically developed framework for the assessment of corporate sustainability within the Thai sugar industry. Multiple case studies were conducted, and a survey using questionnaires was also employed to enhance the power of generalisation. The developed framework is an accurate and reliable measurement instrument of corporate sustainability, and guidelines to assess qualitative criteria are put forward. The proposed framework can be used for a company’s self-assessment and for guiding practitioners in performance improvement and policy decision-maki