Im Schatten von Big Data? Die Sozialwissenschaften im Wandel

Warum fällt es der empirischen Soziologie so schwer, die durch Big Data ins Leben gerufenen Forschungsoptionen zu nutzen? Wird sie als Disziplin bald von einer Parallelwissenschaft, den Computational Social Sciences in die Enge getrieben? Der Beitrag behandelt die methodischen und theoretischen Implikationen, Chancen und Fallstricke einer algorithmengesteuerten Sozialforschung und beleuchtet anhand von Beispielen deren wissenschaftstheoretische Konsequenzen

Smart city simulator "phase two" : the wheelchair challenge

Many Smart City infrastructures are physical models or Lego models that are static and difficult to scale. Other existing Smart City concepts have not taken wheelchair users and their needs into account. Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), in cooperation with Oracle, assigned a project which sought to address these issues to a group from the European Project Semester. We are five international students trying to create a 3D- Simulation of a Smart City with Unity software to solve space and mobility problems. The main part of this task was to create a wheelchair accessible Smart City, which can be presented and visualized by a simulation. Right at the beginning of the project, we decided to focus not only on wheelchair users but on all kinds of physical limitations: blindness, deafness, mobility difficulties, old, young, and pregnant women. We analyzed existing concepts, asked why it is more important than ever to develop Smart City models, and make existing cities smarter. We also looked at what needs to be improved in cities in general, especially to make life easier for people with disabilities. We exchanged ideas with organizations that helped us to learn more about the everyday life of people with disabilities, we also exchanged ideas with companies that are already actively working on making cities smarter and last but not least we looked at the innovations in Oslo that are trying to make this city smarter. Based on our results and with the help of Proxima Lego City, a Lego model built by Oracle, we made a questionnaire to ask the participants what belongs in a smart city and what challenges specifically the participants with disabilities have in their everyday life in cities. After the research, the questionnaire, and the exchange with organizations and companies, we decided to create a Smart City in Universal Design, which is accessible for everyone and can be presented and experienced through a simulation. We implemented an electric autonomous public transport system, a smart trash system, a smart parking system and a smart lighting system. We also developed an app, especially adapted to our simulation, that makes the simulation appear even more real. With the help of real-time data, the app shows the advantages of a Smart City, and it also shows the advantage of having an app specifically adapted for the Smart City.Grado en Ingeniería en Electrónica Industrial y Automátic

Beyond Frameworks: Structuring Reticular Materials across Nano‐, Meso‐, and Bulk Regimes

Reticular materials are of high interest for diverse applications, ranging from catalysis and separation to gas storage and drug delivery. These open, extended frameworks can be tailored to the intended application through crystal‐structure design. Implementing these materials in application settings, however, requires structuring beyond their lattices, to interface the functionality at the molecular level effectively with the macroscopic world. To overcome this barrier, efforts in expressing structural control across molecular, nano‐, meso‐, and bulk regimes is the essential next step. In this Review, we give an overview of recent advances in using self‐assembly as well as externally controlled tools to manufacture reticular materials over all the length scales. We predict that major research advances in deploying these two approaches will facilitate the use of reticular materials in addressing major needs of society

Elastic properties of single crystal Bi12SiO20 as a function of pressure and temperature and acoustic attenuation effects in Bi12 MO20 (M = Si, Ge and Ti)

A comprehensive study of sillenite Bi12SiO20 single-crystal properties, including elastic stiffness and piezoelectric coefficients, dielectric permittivity, thermal expansion and molar heat capacity, is presented. Brillouin-interferometry measurements (up to 27 GPa), which were performed at high pressures for the first time, and ab initio calculations based on density functional theory (up to 50 GPa) show the stability of the sillenite structure in the investigated pressure range, in agreement with previous studies. Elastic stiffness coefficients c 11 and c 12 are found to increase continuously with pressure while c 44 increases slightly for lower pressures and remains nearly constant above 15 GPa. Heat-capacity measurements were performed with a quasi-adiabatic calorimeter employing the relaxation method between 2 K and 395 K. No phase transition could be observed in this temperature interval. Standard molar entropy, enthalpy change and Debye temperature are extracted from the data. The results are found to be roughly half of the previous values reported in the literature. The discrepancy is attributed to the overestimation of the Debye temperature which was extracted from high-temperature data. Additionally, Debye temperatures obtained from mean sound velocities derived by Voigt-Reuss averaging are in agreement with our heat-capacity results. Finally, a complete set of electromechanical coefficients was deduced from the application of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy between 103 K and 733 K. No discontinuities in the temperature dependence of the coefficients are observed. High-temperature (up to 1100 K) resonant ultrasound spectra recorded for Bi12 MO20 crystals revealed strong and reversible acoustic dissipation effects at 870 K, 960 K and 550 K for M = Si, Ge and Ti, respectively. Resonances with small contributions from the elastic shear stiffness c 44 and the piezoelectric stress coefficient e 123 are almost unaffected by this dissipation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd

AFETOS E ESTRATÉGIAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO EM TEMPO DE CORONAVÍRUS: UM ESTUDO QUALITATIVO

This study aimed to raise coping strategies to deal with social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The spread of the Covid-19 virus has turned into a pandemic as it spread throughout the world, leading to mobility restrictions for billions of people who have faced varying degrees of confinement. This situation has led to extreme emotions of fear, sadness, and feelings of anxiety, with impacts on people's psychological health. Research has shown that the ability to adequately regulate one's own emotions is very important for mental physical, and social health, and it is relevant to study how people deal with their emotions in stressful situations, such as the current context of isolation in the pandemic. A questionnaire was applied electronically to 463 participants from all over Brazil over the age of 18 years. Data analysis was qualitative, based on responses to an open item that asked about coping strategies to deal with social isolation.  The results showed the use of varied strategies to minimize stress and increase well-being. Cognitive reassessment, the search for social support, and distraction were highlighted.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo plantear estrategias de afrontamiento para hacer frente al aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19. La propagación del virus Covid-19 se ha convertido en una pandemia a medida que se propaga por todo el mundo, lo que ha provocado restricciones de movilidad para miles de millones de personas que se han enfrentado a diversos grados de confinamiento. Esta situación ha llevado a emociones extremas de miedo, tristeza y sentimientos de ansiedad, con impactos en la salud psicológica de las personas. La investigación ha demostrado que la capacidad de regular adecuadamente las propias emociones es muy importante para la salud mental, física y social, y es relevante estudiar cómo las personas lidian con sus emociones en situaciones estresantes, como el contexto actual de aislamiento en la pandemia. Se aplicó un cuestionario electrónico a 463 participantes de todo Brasil mayores de 18 años. El análisis de los datos fue cualitativo, basado en las respuestas a un ítem abierto que preguntaba sobre las estrategias de afrontamiento para enfrentar el aislamiento social.   Los resultados mostraron el uso de estrategias variadas para minimizar el estrés y aumentar el bienestar. Se destacó la reevaluación cognitiva, la búsqueda de apoyo social y la distracción.Este estudo objetivou levantar as estratégias de enfrentamento para lidar com isolamento social durante a pandemia do COVID-19. A disseminação do vírus Covid-19 transformou-se em pandemia ao se espalhar pelo mundo, levando a restrições de mobilidade de bilhões de pessoas que passaram a enfrentar graus variados de confinamento. Essa situação tem levado a emoções extremas de medo, tristeza e sentimentos de ansiedade, com impactos na saúde psicológica das pessoas. Pesquisas têm mostrado que a habilidade para regular adequadamente as próprias emoções é muito importante para a saúde mental, física e relações sociais, sendo relevante estudar como as pessoas lidam com suas emoções frente a situações estressoras, tal como o contexto atual do isolamento na pandemia. Foi aplicado questionário, por meio eletrônico, a 463 participantes de todo Brasil com idade superior a 18 anos. A análise dos dados foi qualitativa, com base nas respostas a um item aberto que interrogava acerca das estratégias de enfrentamento para lidar com isolamento social.   Os resultados evidenciaram o uso de estratégias variadas a fim de minimizar o estresse e ampliar o bem-estar. Destacou-se a reavaliação cognitiva, a busca de suporte social e a distração

Erectile dysfunction: role of computed tomography cavernosography in the diagnosis and treatment planning of venous leak.

BACKGROUND Venous leak appears to be the most common cause of vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED), which can be treated with venous embolization. Traditionally, conventional cavernosography was used for the diagnosis and treatment planning of venous leak. Recently, computed tomography (CT) cavernosography was introduced as a novel cross-sectional imaging method proposed to be advantageous over conventional cavernosography. We created a novel management algorithm for diagnosing venous leak including CT cavernosography as an imaging modality. In order to provide a broader basis for our management algorithm, a systematic literature review was conducted. MAIN BODY In this article we systematically review relevant literature on using CT cavernosography for the diagnosis and treatment planning in ED patients with venous leak following the PRISMA selection process. Nine full-text articles were included in the review and assigned a level of evidence grade (all grade II). Two studies (2/9) compared the results of conventional cavernosography with those of CT cavernosography which was superior for site-specific venous leak identification (19.4% vs. 100%, respectively). CT cavernosography is a more detailed imaging method that is faster to perform, exposes the patient to less radiation, and requires less contrast material. In one study (1/9), CT cavernosography was used for diagnostic purposes only. Eight studies (8/9) cover both, diagnostic imaging and treatment planning including embolization (1/9) and sclerotherapy (2/9) of venous leak in patients with venogenic ED. Three studies (3/9) describe anatomical venous leak classifications that were established based on CT cavernosography findings for accurate mapping of superficial and/or deep venous leak and identification of mixed or more complex forms of venous leak present in up to 84% of patients. In addition to treatment planning, one study (1/9) used CT cavernosography also for follow-up imaging post treatment. CONCLUSION CT cavernosography is superior to conventional cavernosography for diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with ED caused by venous leak (grade II levels of evidence). Consequently, CT cavernosography should be included in management algorithms for ED patients with suspected venous leak

MATERNIDADE E TRABALHO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE LITERATURA

Maternity and work are central spheres in the lives of most women, especially when considering women's entry into the labor market. Objective: Analyze the effects of maternity on the worker. Method: The PRISMA recommendations were adopted and registered in Prospero. The data bases consulted were Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs e PsycInfo. Available empirical articles were sought between 2011 and 2020 with a descriptive of mothers, maternity, and work, in Portuguese and in English. The data analysis was conducted with the tool Start, adopting the categorical thematic content analysis. Results: The 14 articles analyzed addressed the effects of maternity: i) in the professional expectative, ii) in the work and family demands, iii) in the feeling felt at work.      La maternidad y el trabajo son esferas centrales en la vida de la mayoría de las mujeres, especialmente cuando se considera la entrada de las mujeres en el mercado laboral. Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de la maternidad en las mujeres trabajadoras. Método: Se adoptaron las recomendaciones de PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs y PsycInfo. Los artículos empíricos estuvieron disponibles entre 2011 y 2020 con los descriptores madres, maternidad y trabajo en portugués e inglés. El análisis de los datos se realizó con la herramienta Start, adoptando los procedimientos de análisis de contenido de categoría temática. Resultados: Los 14 artículos analizados señalaron los efectos de la maternidad: i) sobre las expectativas profesionales, ii) sobre las demandas del trabajo y la familia, iii) sobre los sentimientos experimentados en el trabajo.A maternidade e o trabalho são esferas centrais na vida da maioria das mulheres, especialmente quando se considera o ingresso da mulher no mercado do trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da maternidade para a mulher trabalhadora. Método: Adotaram-se as recomendações PRISMA e o registro no Prospero. As bases de dados consultadas foram Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs e PsycInfo. Buscaram-se artigos empíricos disponíveis entre 2011 e 2020 com os descritores mães, maternidade e trabalho em português e inglês. Realizou-se a análise de dados com a ferramenta Start, adotando-se os procedimentos de análise de conteúdo categorial temática. Resultados: Os 14 artigos analisados apontaram efeitos da maternidade: i) nas expectativas profissionais, ii) nas demandas do trabalho e da família, iii) nos sentimentos vivenciados no trabalho.  A maternidade e o trabalho são esferas centrais na vida da maioria das mulheres, especialmente quando se considera o ingresso da mulher no mercado do trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da maternidade para a mulher trabalhadora. Método: Adotaram-se as recomendações PRISMA. As bases de dados consultadas foram Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs e PsycInfo. Buscaram-se artigos empíricos disponíveis entre 2011 e 2020 com os descritores mães, maternidade e trabalho em português e inglês. Realizou-se a análise de dados com a ferramenta Start, adotando-se os procedimentos de análise de conteúdo categorial temática. Resultados: Os 14 artigos analisados apontaram efeitos da maternidade: i) nas expectativas profissionais, ii) nas demandas do trabalho e da família, iii) nos sentimentos vivenciados no trabalho.

Tuning the Morphological Appearance of Iron(III) Fumarate: Impact on Material Characteristics and Biocompatibility

Iron(III) fumarate materials are well suited for biomedical applications as they feature biocompatible building blocks, porosity, chemical functionalizability, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity. The synthesis of these materials however is difficult to control, and it has been challenging to produce monodisperse particle sizes and morphologies that are required in medical use. Here, we report the optimization of iron(III) fumarate nano- and microparticle synthesis by surfactant-free methods, including room temperature, solvothermal, microwave, and microfluidic conditions. Four variants of iron(III) fumarate with distinct morphologies were isolated and are characterized in detail. Structural characterization shows that all iron(III) fumarate variants exhibit the metal–organic framework (MOF) structure of MIL-88A. Nanoparticles with a diameter of 50 nm were produced, which contain crystalline areas not exceeding 5 nm. Solvent-dependent swelling of the crystalline particles was monitored using in situ X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxicity experiments showed that all iron(III) fumarate variants feature adequate biotolerability and no distinct interference with cellular metabolism at low concentrations. Magnetic resonance relaxivity studies using clinical MRI equipment, on the other hand, proved that the MRI contrast characteristics depend on particle size and morphology. All in all, this study demonstrates the possibility of tuning the morphological appearance of iron(III) fumarate particles and illustrates the importance of optimizing synthesis conditions for the development of new biomedical materials

Burnout Syndrome among General Hospital Nurses in Recife

This descriptive, cross sectional, census study identified the occurrence of Burnout and some associated factors among nurses working in obstetrics & gynecology and pediatric care at a general tertiary hospital in Recife. Sixty-three nurses (98.4%) answered a self-administered questionnaire (sociodemographic aspects, working conditions, and Maslach Burnout Inventory). Chi-square was used in the analysis with a 95% confidence level. Most participants were female (92.1%), with up to five years in the career (68.2%), 52.5% in pediatric area. High levels of emotional stress (49.2%) and depersonalization (27.0%) were identified, as well as low professional fulfillment (4.8%), and 4.7% presented Burnout. The following factors wee associated: high levels of emotional stress and often/always perform tasks very quickly (p=0.039) and receiving a salary incompatible to the effort employed (p=0.016); high levels of depersonalization and with up to five years in this career (p=0.010) and often/always perform tasks very quickly (p=0.009). For 19.0%, at least two of the three dimensions pointed to high propensity to the syndrome.Este estudo descritivo, transversal, censitário, identificou Burnout e alguns fatores associados entre enfermeiros da assistência pediátrica e tocoginecológica de hospital geral do nível terciário de atenção do Recife (PE). Participaram 63 profissionais (98,4% do total) que responderam a um questionário auto-aplicável (aspectos sócio-demográficos, condições laborais e Maslach Burnout Inventory). Na análise utilizou-se qui-quadrado, com nível de confiança de 95%. Predominou o gênero feminino (92,1%), com até cinco anos de profissão (68,2%), sendo 52,5% da área pediátrica. Constataram-se altos níveis de exaustão emocional (49,2%) e despersonalização (27,0%) e baixo nível de realização profissional (4,8%), estando 4,7% com Burnout. Mostraram associação: alto nível de exaustão emocional e realizar frequentemente/sempre tarefas com muita rapidez (p=0,039) e receber salário incompatível com o esforço empregado (p=0,016); altos níveis de despersonalização e ter até cinco anos de profissão (p=0,010) e efetuar frequentemente/sempre tarefas com muita rapidez (p=0,009). Para 19,0% pelo menos duas das três dimensões apontavam alta propensão à síndrome.Estudio descriptivo, transversal, censitario, identificó Burnout y factores asociados entre enfermeros de atención pediátrica y tocoginecología de hospital general de nivel terciario de atención en Recife-PE. Participaron 63 profesionales (98,4% del total), que respondieron cuestionario autoaplicable (aspectos sociodemográficos, condiciones laborales y Maslach Burnout Inventary). Analizado según Qui-cuadrado, nivel de confianza 95%. Predominó sexo femenino (92,1%), con hasta cinco años de profesión (68,2%), perteneciendo 52,5% al área pediátrica. Se constataron altos niveles de agotamiento emocional (49,2%) y despersonalización (27,0%), y bajo nivel de realización profesional (4,8%), sufriendo 4,7% de Burnout. Mostraron asociación: altos niveles de agotamiento emocional, realizar frecuentemente/siempre tareas con mucha rapidez (p=0,039), recibir salario incompatible con esfuerzo (p=0,016); alto nivel de despersonalización y tener hasta cinco años de profesión (p=0,010) y efectuar frecuentemente/siempre tareas con mucha rapidez (p=0,009). Para 19,0% al menos dos de las tres dimensiones marcaban alta propensión al síndrome