The Open Brain Consent: Informing research participants and obtaining consent to share brain imaging data

Having the means to share research data openly is essential to modern science. For human research, a key aspect in this endeavor is obtaining consent from participants, not just to take part in a study, which is a basic ethical principle, but also to share their data with the scientific community. To ensure that the participants' privacy is respected, national and/or supranational regulations and laws are in place. It is, however, not always clear to researchers what the implications of those are, nor how to comply with them. The Open Brain Consent (https://open-brain-consent.readthedocs.io) is an international initiative that aims to provide researchers in the brain imaging community with information about data sharing options and tools. We present here a short history of this project and its latest developments, and share pointers to consent forms, including a template consent form that is compliant with the EU general data protection regulation. We also share pointers to an associated data user agreement that is not only useful in the EU context, but also for any researchers dealing with personal (clinical) data elsewhere

Etude de la perturbation de la coagulation et de l'hyperlipidémie provoquées par le Targretin (bexarotène)

Les lymphomes T cutanés constituent un ensemble hétérogène de lymphomes non-hodkinniens. Les lymphomes T cutanés sont définis par une prolifération clonale de lymphocytes T malins et de cellules NK (natural killers) de localisation cutanée. Dans l'Union Européenne, l'indication du bexarotène par voie orale est le traitement des manifestations cutanées des lymphomes cutanés T épidermotropes (LCT), au stade avancé (ou dès un stade précoce aux États Unis). L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier les effets indésirables du bexarotène chez les patients atteints de lymphome cutané. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés aux interactions du bexarotène avec le système de la coagulation et avec le métabolisme lipidique.Dans la première partie de nos travaux, nous avons étudié l'origine de la coagulopathie induite par le bexarotène. Nous avons montré que le bexarotène inhibe les facteurs IX et X de la coagulation, ce qui provoque le prolongement du temps de coagulation ; ces effets pourraient être à l'origine de la coagulopathie observée chez les patients traités au bexarotène.Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons montré que le bexarotène interagit également avec le métabolisme lipidique par l'activation du CETP et par l'inhibition de la lipoprotéine lipase, ce qui provoque une chlolésterémie et une triglyéridémie.Enfin, nous avons présenté les résultats préliminaires de l'essai clinique organisé au niveau de la région ouest de la France sur les effets indésirables du bexarotène.Les résultats de ce travail mettent en évidence l'importance de la structure chimique du bexarotène (effets de charges) dans la neutralisation des facteurs de coagulation d'une part et dans le mécanisme d'interaction avec le métabolisme lipidique (CETP et lipoprotéine lipase) d'autre part. La compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires conduisant à une coagulopathie et à la dyslipidémie représente un enjeu majeur pour prévenir la toxicité du bexarotène et pour permettre une meilleure prise en charge du patient.The cutaneous T cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of non-lymphoma hodkinniens. The cutaneous T cell lymphomas are defined by a clonal proliferation of malignant T cells and NK (natural killer) cells from skin location. In the European Union, the indication of oral bexarotene is the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas epidermotropic (LCT) to advanced (or at an early stage in the United States). The objective of this work was to study the adverse effects of bexarotene in patients with cutaneous lymphoma. We are particularly interested in the interactions of bexarotene with the coagulation system and lipid metabolism.In the first part of our work, we studied the origin of the coagulopathy induced by bexarotene. We have shown that bexarotene inhibited factors IX and X of the coagulation causing the extension of clotting time and coagulopathy that was observed in bexarotene-treated patients. In a second part, we showed that Bexarotene induces in vitro cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, and suppress lipoprotein lipase activity in human plasma.Finally, we presented the preliminary results of the clinical trial conducted at the western region of France on the adverse effects of bexarotene.The results of this study highlight the importance of the chemical structure of bexarotene (charge effects) in the neutralization of coagulation factors mechanisms on the one hand and in its interaction with lipid metabolism (CETP and lipoprotein lipase) on the other hand. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to coagulopathy and dyslipidemia is a major issue to prevent the toxicity of bexarotene and to elicit better management of the bexarotene-treated patient

L'imagerie au service de la santé : questions éthiques et sociétales

National audienc

L'imagerie au service de la santé : questions éthiques et sociétales

National audienc

L'imagerie au service de la santé : questions éthiques et sociétales

National audienc

Autism as a disorder of biological and behavioral rhythms: toward new therapeutic perspectives.

International audienceThere is a growing interest in the role of biological and behavioral rhythms in typical and atypical development. Recent studies in cognitive and developmental psychology have highlighted the importance of rhythmicity and synchrony of motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms in early development of social communication. The synchronization of rhythms allows tuning and adaptation to the external environment. The role of melatonin in the ontogenetic establishment of circadian rhythms and the synchronization of the circadian clocks network suggests that this hormone might be also involved in the synchrony of motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms. Autism provides a challenging model of physiological and behavioral rhythm disturbances and their possible effects on the development of social communication impairments and repetitive behaviors and interests. This article situates autism as a disorder of biological and behavioral rhythms and reviews the recent literature on the role of rhythmicity and synchrony of rhythms in child development. Finally, the hypothesis is developed that an integrated approach focusing on biological, motor, emotional, and interpersonal rhythms may open interesting therapeutic perspectives for children with autism. More specifically, promising avenues are discussed for potential therapeutic benefits in autism spectrum disorder of melatonin combined with developmental behavioral interventions that emphasize synchrony, such as the Early Start Denver Model

The Open Brain Consent : Informing research participants and obtaining consent to share brain imaging data

Online ahead of printInternational audienceHaving the means to share research data openly is essential to modern science. For human research, a key aspect in this endeavor is obtaining consent from participants, not just to take part in a study, which is a basic ethical principle, but also to share their data with the scientific community. To ensure that the participants' privacy is respected, national and/or supranational regulations and laws are in place. It is, however, not always clear to researchers what the implications of those are, nor how to comply with them. The Open Brain Consent (https://open-brain-consent.readthedocs.io) is an international initiative that aims to provide researchers in the brain imaging community with information about data sharing options and tools. We present here a short history of this project and its latest developments, and share pointers to consent forms, including a template consent form that is compliant with the EU general data protection regulation. We also share pointers to an associated data user agreement that is not only useful in the EU context, but also for any researchers dealing with personal (clinical) data elsewhere