Adaptación y motivación escolar: análisis de la influencia del consumo de medios electrónicos de comunicación por adolescentes

The influence that the use of different electronic media can have in the juvenile population’s school grade performance is a worrisome topic in which discrepancies exist in the results, so that conclusions or definitive agreements are not reached. The objective of this work is to offer an answer to it. The sample consists of adolescents (N = 433) of both sexes from the Autonomous Community of the Principality of Asturias, from institutions of secondary education (urban and suburban). The design of descriptive character, tries to correlate success or academic failure —failure of subjects at the end of the school year—as well as the motivation for the study —time that the students dedicate to their academic tasks outside of class— with the use and consumption of different electronic communication media. The results offer the reality of the use and consumption of electronic media by our adolescents, while it impacts in the differential importance of the gender variable and it guides the research to establish the importance of both interpersonal resources to know other adolescents as well as their own economic and educational resources present in the context of family socialization.La influencia que puede tener en el rendimiento escolar de la población juvenil el uso de los distintos medios de comunicación electrónicos es un tema que preocupa y en el que existen discrepancias en los resultados, al mismo tiempo que no se alcanzan conclusiones o acuerdos definitivos. Ofrecer una respuesta a ello es el objetivo del presente trabajo. La muestra son adolescentes (N = 433), de ambos sexos, de la Comunidad Autónoma del Principado de Asturias, procedentes de centros de educación secundaria (urbanos y suburbanos). El diseño, de carácter descriptivo, trata de correlacionar el éxito o fracaso académico —suspensos de asignaturas a final de curso escolar—, así como la motivación para el estudio —tiempo que los escolares dedican a sus tareas académicas fuera del tiempo de clase—, con el uso y consumo de los diferentes medios electrónicos de comunicación. Los resultados ofrecen la realidad del uso y consumo de los medios de comunicación electrónicos por nuestros adolescentes, al mismo tiempo que incide en la importancia diferencial de la variable sexo y orienta la investigación a establecer la importancia tanto de los recursos interpersonales para conocer a otros adolescentes como de los propios económicos y educativos presentes en el contexto de socialización familiar

Responsabilidad y comportamiento antisocial del adolescente como factores asociados al rendimiento escolar

El éxito académico de los adolescentes se relaciona con el tiempo que dedican al estudio, determinado por su grado de responsabilidad, así como por el registro comportamental conflictivo. Por ello, este estudio ha relacionado el rendimiento escolar con el comportamiento antisocial y el nivel de responsabilidad de una muestra de 433 adolescentes asturianos (España) provenientes de diferentes centros educativos públicos. Para ello se han utilizado tres instrumentos de evaluación: un cuestionario que recoge información sobre el rendimiento escolar, un cuestionario de personalidad (Big-Five) y un inventario de conductas antisociales (ICA). Se comprobó que el comportamiento antisocial auto-informado por los adolescentes, y la variable individual de responsabilidad, inciden tanto en la adaptación escolar de nuestros adolescentes como en el interés por dedicar su tiempo al aprendizaje escolar. De igual forma, se analizan implicaciones y se indican futuras directrices para investigar. Palabras clave: Responsabilidad, conducta antisocial, rendimiento escolar, adolescentes.O sucesso escolar dos adolescentes está relacionado ao tempo que gastam em estudo, determinado pelo seu grau de responsabilidade, e pelo registro de comportamento conflituoso. Portanto, este estudo tem vinculado o desempenho escolar ao comportamento anti-social e o nível de responsabilidade de uma amostra de 433 adolescentes em Astúrias (Espanha), de diferentes escolas públicas. Utilizaram-se três instrumentos de avaliação: um questionário que coleta informação sobre o desempenho escolar, um questionário de personalidade (Big Five) e um inventário de comportamento anti-social (ICA). Verificou-se que o comportamento anti-social auto-informado pelos adolescentes e a variável individual de responsabilidade influenciam tanto na adaptação da escola dos adolescentes como no seu interesse para dedicar seu tempo ao aprendizado escolar. Da mesma forma, se discutem as implicações e sinalam-se direções futuras para pesquisa. Palavras-chave: responsabilidade, comportamento anti-social, desempenho escolar, adolescentesThe academic success of teenagers is related to the time that they devote to studying, which in turn is determined by their level of responsibility as well as for their record of troublesome behavior. Thus, this study aims at examining the relationship between school performance, antisocial behavior and level of responsibility in a sample of 433 teenagers from Asturia (Spain) who attended different public educational centers. With this purpose three assessment instruments were used: A questionnaire that gathers information about school performance; a personality questionnaire (Big-Five) and an inventory for antisocial behavior (ICA). Findings showed that the adolescents’ self-informed antisocial behavior and the individual variable of responsibility affect both the school adjustment of our teenagers as well as their interest to devote their time to school learning. The study analyzes the implications of these findings and shows some guidelines for future research in this field Key words: Responsibility, antisocial behavior, school performance, teenager

Mechatronic Model of a Compliant 3PRS Parallel Manipulator

Compliant mechanisms are widely used for instrumentation and measuring devices for their precision and high bandwidth. In this paper, the mechatronic model of a compliant 3PRS parallel manipulator is developed, integrating the inverse and direct kinematics, the inverse dynamic problem of the manipulator and the dynamics of the actuators and the control. The kinematic problem is solved, assuming a pseudo-rigid model for the deflection in the compliant revolute and spherical joints. The inverse dynamic problem is solved, using the Principle of Energy Equivalence. The mechatronic model allows the prediction of the bandwidth of the manipulator motion in the 3 degrees of freedom for a given control and set of actuators, helping in the design of the optimum solution. A prototype is built and validated, comparing experimental signals with the ones from the model.Authors would like to thank the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Spanish government for funding the project PID2019-105262RB-I00

Un estudio innovador sobre acoso on-line en estudiantes universitarios

La universalització en l'ús de dispositius mòbils de connexió a Internet i de xarxes socials ha suposat canvis importants en la manera que els adolescents i els joves es relacionen i en els espais en què es fa aquesta interacció. Aquests canvis esmentats originen l'aparició de formes noves d'assetjament a través de l'ús d'ordinadors, tablets i smartphones. Donades les conseqüències negatives que l'assetjament on-line pot tenir per a l'alumnat (increment de dificultats acadèmiques, socials i internalitzades), resulta essencial tenir dades precises sobre la prevalença i característiques en els diferents entorns en què els joves i els adolescents interaccionen. L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació és estudiar la prevalença del cyberbullying en estudiants universitaris a través d'una metodologia innovadora que permeti obtenir informació rellevant d'un gran nombre d'alumnes en poc temps, aprofitant d'aquesta manera les possibilitats i universalització de l´ús dels smartphones.The universalization in the use of mobile devices for Internet connection and social networks has supposed important changes in the way of adolescents and young people relate and in the spaces and contexts in which that interaction is given. These changes lead to the appearance of new forms of harassment through the use of computers, tablets and smartphones. Given the negative consequences that online harassment can have for the students (increase of academic, social and internalized difficulties), it is essential to have accurate data about the prevalence and characteristics the environments in which interaction occurrence.The objective of this research is to study the prevalence of cyberbullying in universities students through an innovative methodology that allows obtaining relevant information from a large number of students in a short time, taking advantage of the possibilities and universalization of the use of smartphones.La universalización en el uso de dispositivos móviles de conexión a Internet y de redes sociales ha supuesto importantes cambios en la forma en que adolescentes y jóvenes se relacionan y en los espacios y contextos en que esa interacción se da. Dichos cambios conllevan la aparición de nuevas formas de acoso a través del uso de ordenadores, tablets y smartphones. Dadas las negativas consecuencias que el acoso on-line puede tener para el alumnado (incremento de dificultades académicas, sociales e internalizadas), resulta esencial tener datos precisos acerca de la prevalencia y características del mismo en los distintos entornos en los que los jóvenes y los adolescentes interaccionan. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la prevalencia del cyberbullying en estudiantes universitarios a través de una metodología innovadora que permita obtener información relevante de un gran número de alumnos en poco tiempo, aprovechando así las posibilidades y universalización del uso de los smartphones

Prevalencia del maltrato de pareja contra las mujeres

Se ha elaborado una tipología del maltrato y una encuesta inspirándonos en los planteamientos de Goffman (1971) y en los conceptos de cara positiva y cara negativa de Brown y Levinson (1987), sistematizados por Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1992). Se ha realizado un muestreo estratificado según la zona de residencia sobre una población de unas 450.000 mujeres y se entrevistó a 421 mujeres sobre sus experiencias respecto al maltrato en parejas. Los resultados del estudio indican que el 20,2% de la población femenina ha sufrido maltratos a manos de su pareja y que el 6,2% de las mujeres han sufrido maltrato durante el último año

Emergency department observation of patients with acute heart failure prior to hospital admission: impact on short-term prognosis

Heart failure; Emergency medical services; MortalityInsuficiencia cardíaca; Servicios médicos de urgencia; MortalidadInsuficiència cardíaca; Serveis d'urgències mèdiques; MortalitatObjectives: To analyze whether short-term outcomes are affected when patients diagnosed with acute heart failure (AHF) spend time in an emergency department observation unit (EDOU) before hospital admission. Material and methods: Baseline and emergency episode data were collected for patients diagnosed with AHF in the EDs of 15 Spanish hospitals. We analyzed crude and adjusted associations between EDOU stay and 30-day mortality (primary outcome) and in-hospital mortality and a prolonged hospital stay of more than 7 days (secondary outcomes). Results: A total of 6597 patients with a median (interquartile range) age of 83 (76-88 years) were studied. Fifty-five percent were women. All were hospitalized for AHF (50% in internal medicine wards, 23% in cardiology, 11% in geriatrics, and 16 in other specialties. Of these patients, 3241 (49%) had had EDOU stays and 3350 (51%) had been admitted immediately, with no EDOU stay. Having an EDOU stay was associated with female sex, dementia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, long-term treatment with certain drugs for heart failure, greater baseline deterioration in function, and a higher degree of decompensation. Patients in the EDOU group were more often admitted to an internal medicine ward and had shorter stays; cardiology, geriatric, and intensive care admissions were less likely to have had an EDOU stay. Overall, 30-day mortality was 12.6% (13.7% in the EDOU group and 11.4% in the no-EDOU group; P = .004). In-hospital mortality was 10.4% overall (EDOU, 11.1% and no-EDOU, 9.6%; P = .044). Prolonged hospitalization occurred in 50.0% (EDOU, 48.7% and no-EDOU, 51.2%; P = .046). After adjusting for between-group differences, the EDOU stay was not associated with 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.99-1.31). Odds ratios for associations between EDOU stay and in-hospital mortality and prolonged hospital stay, respectively, were 1.09 (95% CI, 0.92-1.29) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-1.01). Conclusion: Although mortality higher in patients hospitalized for AHF who spend time in an EDO, the association seems to be accounted for by their worse baseline situation and the greater seriousness of the decompensation episode, not by time spent in the EDOU.Objetivos. Analizar si la estancia en el área de observación de urgencias (AOU) de pacientes que han sido diagnosticados de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) y que deben ingresar está asociada con algún cambio en la evolución a corto plazo. Métodos. Se recogieron datos basales y clínicos de pacientes diagnosticados de ICA en el servicio de urgencias de 15 hospitales españoles. Se analizó la asociación cruda y ajustada de la estancia en el AOU previa a la hospitalización con mortalidad a 30 días (objetivo primario) y con mortalidad intrahospitalaria e ingreso prolongado (> 7 días) (objetivos secundarios). Resultados. Se incluyeron 6.597 pacientes (mediana = 83 años, RIC = 76-88; mujeres = 55%) hospitalizados por ICA (50% en medicina interna, 23% en cardiología, 11% en geriatría y 16% en otros servicios); de ellos, 3.241 (49%) permanecieron en observación en urgencias (grupo AOU) y 3.350 (51%) hospitalizaron sin observación previa (grupo no-AOU). La observación en urgencias se asoció con ser mujer, tener demencia o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, recibir crónicamente fármacos específicos para insuficiencia cardiaca, mayor deterioro funcional basal y mayor gravedad de la descompensación. El grupo AOU más frecuentemente hospitalizó en medicina interna y corta estancia, y menos frecuentemente en cardiología, geriatría y cuidados intensivos. La mortalidad a 30 días fue del 12,6% (AOU = 13,7%, no-AOU = 11,4%, p = 0,004); la mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 10,4% (AOU = 11,1%, no-AOU = 9,6%, p = 0,044) y el ingreso prolongado del 50,0% (AOU = 48,7%, no-AOU = 51,2%, p = 0,046). Tras ajustar por las diferencias entre grupos, la estancia en observación en urgencias no se asoció con mortalidad a 30 días (HR = 1,14, IC 95% = 0,99-1,31), mortalidad intrahospitalaria (OR = 1,09, IC 95% = 0,92-1,29) o estancia prolongada (OR = 0,91, IC 95% = 0,82-1,01). Conclusión. Aunque los pacientes hospitalizados por ICA que permanecen en observación en urgencias presentan mayor mortalidad, esta asociación parece explicarse por su peor situación de base y la mayor gravedad del episodio de descompensación y no por su paso por el AOU

Nuclear Data Uncertainty Propagation to Reactivity Coefficients of a Sodium Fast Reactor

Engineering of innovative reactor concepts requires computational tools capable of producing results with a high level of accuracy. These results are affected by different sources of uncertainty such as the ones coming from nuclear data. The assessment of the uncertainty levels on the design and safety parameters is mandatory. The uncertainty quantification applied here is based on the adjoint sensitivity analysis, where the sensitivities of design values to nuclear data are employed together with the nuclear data uncertainties to propagate these uncertainties to the design parameters. The European Sodium Fast Reactor (ESFR) is the innovative reactor model considered here, designed in the framework of a EURATOM Collaborative Project. Some of the relevant safety quantities linked to it are Doppler and void reactivity coefficients, whose uncertainties are quantified. Also the identification of the nuclear reaction data where an improvement will certainly benefit the design accuracy is performed. This work has been performed with the SCALE 6.1 codes suite and its multigroups cross sections library based on ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation

Environmental assessment: Landform Classification for Land Use Planning in Developed Areas: An Example in Segovia Province (Central Spain)

Landform-based physiographic maps, also called land systems inventories, have been widely and successfully used in undeveloped/rural areas in several locations, such as Australia, the western United States, Canada, and the British ex-colonies. This paper presents a case study of their application in a developed semi-urban/suburban area (Segovia, Spain) for land use planning purposes. The paper focuses in the information transfer process, showing how land use decision-makers, such as governments, planners, town managers, etc., can use the information developed from these maps to assist them. The paper also addresses several issues important to the development and use of this information, such as the goals of modem physiography, the types of landform-based mapping products, the problem of data management in developed areas, and the distinctions among data, interpretations, and decisions.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Emergency department direct discharge compared to short-stay unit admission for selected patients with acute heart failure: analysis of short-term outcomes

Short stay unit (SSU) is an alternative to conventional hospitalization in patients with acute heart failure (AHF), but the prognosis is not known compared to direct discharge from the emergency department (ED). To determine whether direct discharge from the ED of patients diagnosed with AHF is associated with early adverse outcomes versus hospitalization in SSU. Endpoints, defined as 30-day all-cause mortality or post-discharge adverse events, were evaluated in patients diagnosed with AHF in 17 Spanish EDs with an SSU, and compared by ED discharge vs. SSU hospitalization. Endpoint risk was adjusted for baseline and AHF episode characteristics and in patients matched by propensity score (PS) for SSU hospitalization. Overall, 2358 patients were discharged home and 2003 were hospitalized in SSUs. Discharged patients were younger, more frequently men, with fewer comorbidities, had better baseline status, less infection, rapid atrial fibrillation and hypertensive emergency as the AHF trigger, and had a lower severity of AHF episode. While their 30-day mortality rate was lower than in patients hospitalized in SSU (4.4% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001), 30-day post-discharge adverse events were similar (27.2% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.599). After adjustment, there were no differences in the 30-day risk of mortality of discharged patients (adjusted HR 0.846, 95% CI 0.637-1.107) or adverse events (1.035, 0.914-1.173). In 337 pairs of PS-matched patients, there were no differences in mortality or risk of adverse event between patients directly discharged or admitted to an SSU (0.753, 0.409-1.397; and 0.858, 0.645-1.142; respectively). Direct ED discharge of patients diagnosed with AHF provides similar outcomes compared to patients with similar characteristics and hospitalized in a SSU

La interdisciplinariedad y el itinerario curricular elegido por el estudiante, ejes fundamentales para desarrollar competencias curriculares en Química

Póster presentado en: V Jornadas de Innovación Docente de la UBU, Burgos, 21-22 de octubre de 2010, organizadas por el Instituto de Formación e Innovación Educativa-IFIE de la Universidad de Burgo