Pregnancy Success in Bitches - Evaluation of Interactions between Artificial Insemination Method, Serum Progesterone Concentration and Vaginal Cytology Parameters

Background: The artificial insemination has become a well-established method in the breeding of bitches, and evaluation of the factors that may potentially affect pregnancy success is essential. For this reason, it is essential to evaluate the factors that may affect fertility of the bitch when artificial insemination is performed. Serum progesterone concentrations and vaginal cytology have been used to determine the time of ovulation and stage of the estrus cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the artificial insemination method, the serum progesterone concentration, the breed size, age, the whelping number, vaginal cytology parameters, and their interactions on pregnancy success in bitches. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 607 bitches that had undergone reproductive consultation with the Mexican Canine Federation from January to December 2016 were enrolled in the present study and assigned to one of 2 artificial insemination methods (intravaginal and transcervical) using fresh semen. Determination of the estrus cycle phase and the time of Artificial insemination was based on vaginal cytology and serum progesterone concentrations. Bitches inseminated by the transcervical technique had a higher pregnancy rate with respect to females inseminated by the intravaginal technique (P < 0.05). Moreover, females with a serum progesterone concentration of 5-10 ng/mL had a greater probability (> 4 times) of getting pregnant than animals with lower or higher progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05). Bitches inseminated by the intravaginal technique and with serum progesterone concentrations >10 ng/mL had a considerable reduction in pregnancy (P < 0.05) compared with females with < 10 ng/mL serum progesterone or with bitches inseminated by the transcervical technique. Discusion: Serum progesterone concentration, the artificial insemination method, and superficial cells without a nucleus modified the pregnancy rate in bitches. Females inseminated by transcervical semen deposition had a higher pregnancy rate than females inseminated by the intravaginal technique. Using fresh or frozen-thawed semen produced a higher pregnancy rate in bitches inseminated by transcervical semen deposition than females inseminated by the intravaginal technique. Differences in the pregnancy rate between transcervical and intravaginal insemination could be associated with the correct semen disposition, the distance that the sperm must travel to reach the oocyte, as well as the number of sperm that reach the oviduct ampulla. Exist evidences that after ovulation, as progesterone rises, the cervix is closed, which may compromise the passage of the sperm deposited into the vagina. Therefore, it is likely that in females with a serum progesterone concentration > 10 ng/mL, the cervix was closed, compromising the ability of the sperm to access the oviduct. Thus, the use of intravaginal insemination should be done in bitches with a serum progesterone concentrations < 11 ng/mL to reduce the possibility of cervical closure and to increase the odds of pregnancy. It is well documented that the serum progesterone concentration and vaginal cytology parameters have a great influence on pregnancy success, and the results confirm these findings. In the present study, 96% of the bitches inseminated with a serum progesterone concentration of 5-10 ng/mL got pregnant and had higher odds of pregnancy than bitches with lower or higher serum progesterone concentrations. Keywords: female dogs, reproductive performance, pregnancy rate, fertility, intravaginal, transcervical, fresh, semen

Interpretación de planos para instalaciones hidráulicas residenciales

Cartilla que hace parte de la colección SENA APP Construcción en la que se proporciona al aprendiz los conocimientos geométricos que se requieren para interpretar y dibujar correctamente los planos propios de instalaciones de hidráulicas domiciliarias, siguiendo las normas nacionales e internacionales del dibujo técnico. No se refiere al proceso constructivo en Sí de cada una de estas instalaciones, sino a la correcta interpretación de los planos que conciernen a las mismas.Características de los planos – Fundamentos para la interpretación de planos – Simbología de instalaciones hidráulicas – Generalidades de las instalaciones hidráulicas – Generalidades sobre planos hidráulicos de vivienda – Normas generales de diseño de instalaciones de interiores – Glosario de términos de instalaciones hidráulicas.na70 página

Interpretación de planos para instalaciones residenciales de gas

Cartilla que hace parte de la colección SENA APP Construcción en la que se proporciona al aprendiz los conocimientos geométricos que se requieren para interpretar y dibujar correctamente los planos propios de instalaciones de gas domiciliarias, siguiendo las normas nacionales e internacionales del dibujo técnico. No se refiere al proceso constructivo en Sí de cada una de estas instalaciones, sino a la correcta interpretación de los planos que conciernen a las mismas.Fundamentos para la interpretación de planos -- Generalidades sobre instalaciones a gas natural domiciliario -- Generalidades sobre planos de instalaciones a gas natural domiciliario.na54 página

Interpretación de planos para instalaciones sanitarias residenciales

Cartilla que hace parte de la colección SENA APP Construcción en la que se proporciona al aprendiz los conocimientos geométricos que se requieren para interpretar y dibujar correctamente los planos propios de instalaciones sanitarias domiciliarias, siguiendo las normas nacionales e internacionales del dibujo técnico. No se refiere al proceso constructivo en Sí de cada una de estas instalaciones, sino a la correcta interpretación de los planos que conciernen a las mismas.Características de los planos -- Fundamentos para la interpretación de planos -- Conceptos básicos de representación gráfica, perspectiva, geometría descriptiva, dibujo isométrico -- Norma ICONTEC 1777 -- Generalidades sobre planos sanitarios -- Los planos sanitarios deben incluirna60 página

Actas de las V Jornadas ScienCity 2022. Fomento de la Cultura Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación en Ciudades Inteligentes

ScienCity es una actividad que viene siendo continuada desde 2018 con el objetivo de dar a conocer los conocimientos y tecnologías emergentes siendo investigados en las universidades, informar de experiencias, servicios e iniciativas puestas ya en marcha por instituciones y empresas, llegar hasta decisores políticos que podrían crear sinergias, incentivar la creación de ideas y posibilidades de desarrollo conjuntas, implicar y provocar la participación ciudadana, así como gestar una red internacional multidisciplinar de investigadores que garantice la continuación de futuras ediciones. En 2022 se recibieron un total de 48 trabajos repartidos en 25 ponencias y 24 pósteres pertenecientes a 98 autores de 14 instituciones distintas de España, Portugal, Polonia y Países Bajos.Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Consejería de la Presidencia, Administración Pública e Interior de la Junta de Andalucía; Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Huelva; Cátedra de Innovación Social de Aguas de Huelva; Cátedra de la Provincia; Grupo de investigación TEP-192 de Control y Robótica; Centro de Investigación en Tecnología, Energía y Sostenibilidad (CITES

Gender violence and prisoners: action research and pedagogy

Action-Research Methodology and gender sensitivity linked to solve gender violence expression in prisons. The curriculum negotiation is a principle that allowed prisoners to engage in the activities in a voluntary way. Six months of field qualitative implementation-contrary to Blitzkrieg Ethnographyallowed us to get a real change of abilities as team trust, cooperation skills, decision-making process to avoid violence and to recognize the need the prisoners have to express their sentiments. Results show a success of critical Action Research and active participation of all the actors as well as the construction of a peace culture and a new field of work for pedagogues

Efecto de la viscosidad en el medio para la criopreservación espermática de gallo (Gallus gallus)

In mammalian semen, viscosity has been shown to have a negative influence on its conservation. In bird semen, studies on the physical characteristics of ejaculates are limited, particularly viscosity has not been studied. The media for cryopreservation do not consider viscosity to maintain sperm viability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of viscosity on the medium to maintain its viability after thawing. The parameters of basic evaluation, maturation and acrosome reaction were determined, evaluating the presence and distribution of Ca2+ through co-incubation with chlortetracycline. Twenty-five (25) evaluations of seminal pool were performed, cryopreserved in Lake medium supplemented with 6 % dimethylacetamide and with 0 % (Control), 10 %, 30 % and 45 % ficoll, to adjust the viscosity of the medium to conditions similar to those of semen and oviductal fluid and to a higher degree of viscosity. Sperm motility was lower (P£0.05) in aliquots with a higher percentage of ficoll. The percentage of live spermatozoa was similar (P>0.05) in the control and all aliquots with different percentage of ficoll. Sperm maturation presented a higher (P£0.05) percentage of non-capacitated spermatozoa when 10 % ficoll was used. Conversely the percentage of spermatozoa with acrosome reaction was also lower (P£0.05) when 10 % ficoll was used. The results of this study show that variations in the degree of viscosity of the medium can maintain or increase sperm viability after thawing.En semen de mamíferos, se ha demostrado que la viscosidad influye de manera negativa para su conservación. En semen de aves los estudios sobre las características físicas de los eyaculados son limitados, particularmente la viscosidad no ha sido estudiada. Los medios para la criopreservación, no consideran la viscosidad para mantener la viabilidad espermática. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la viscosidad en el medio para mantener su viabilidad post descongelación. Se determinó los parámetros de evaluación básica, de maduración y reacción acrosomal evaluando la presencia y distribución de Ca2+ mediante la co-incubación con clortetraciclina. Se realizaron 25 evaluaciones de pool seminal, criopreservados en medio Lake suplementado con 6 % de dimetilacetamida y con 0 % (Testigo), 10 %, 30 % y 45 % de ficoll, para ajustar la viscosidad del medio a condiciones similares a las del semen y del líquido oviductal y a un grado mayor de viscosidad. La movilidad espermática fue menor (P£0.05) en alícuotas con mayor porcentaje de ficoll. El porcentaje de espermatozoides vivos fue similar (P>0.05) en el testigo y todas las alícuotas con diferente porcentaje de ficoll. La maduración espermática presentó un mayor (P£0,05) porcentaje de espermatozoides no capacitados cuando se utilizó 10% de ficoll. De manera inversa el porcentaje de espermatozoides con reacción acrosomal fue menor (P£0,05) también cuando se utilizó 10 % de ficoll. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que variaciones en el grado de viscosidad del medio, pueden mantener o incrementar la viabilidad espermática post descongelación

Frecuencia de leptospirosis en equinos: revisión de literatura

Equine leptospirosis has been associated with abortions, renal failure and uveitis, which constitutes a health and economic problem. However, it is generally asymptomatic, which makes this disease of little interest in equines in comparison with other domestic and wild species. At present, the real epidemiological situation of leptospirosis in equines is unknown; just as the disease develops in these animals. A search of scientific literature was carried out; with the objective of knowing which are the serovars of genus leptospira reported in equines from 2010 to 2020. In the literature review, 21 articles were selected, in which it was identified that Leptospira Bratislava, is the most frequently reported (11.43%, IC95%: 6-19.1%) is in contact with equines, followed by Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (9.52%, IC95%: 4.6-16.8%)La leptospirosis equina ha sido asociada con abortos, insuficiencia renal y uveítis, lo cual constituye un problema de salud y económico, sin embargo, de manera general es asintomática, lo cual provoca que dicha enfermedad sea de poco interés en equinos en comparación con otras especies domésticas y silvestres. En la actualidad la situación epidemiológica real de leptospirosis en equinos se desconoce; al igual que la enfermedad se desarrolla en estos animales. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica; con el objetivo de conocer cuáles son las serovariedades del género leptospira reportadas en equinos desde 2010 a 2020. En la revisión de literatura se seleccionaron 21 artículos, en los cuales se identificó que Leptospira bratislava, es la que se reportó con mayor frecuencia (11.43%, IC95%: 6-19.1%), seguida por Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae (9.52%, IC95%: 4.6-16.8%

Pregnancy Success in Bitches - Evaluation of Interactions between Artificial Insemination Method, Serum Progesterone Concentration and Vaginal Cytology Parameters

Background: The artificial insemination has become a well-established method in the breeding of bitches, and evaluation of the factors that may potentially affect pregnancy success is essential. For this reason, it is essential to evaluate the factors that may affect fertility of the bitch when artificial insemination is performed. Serum progesterone concentrations and vaginal cytology have been used to determine the time of ovulation and stage of the estrus cycle. This study aimed to evaluate the artificial insemination method, the serum progesterone concentration, the breed size, age, the whelping number, vaginal cytology parameters, and their interactions on pregnancy success in bitches. Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 607 bitches that had undergone reproductive consultation with the Mexican Canine Federation from January to December 2016 were enrolled in the present study and assigned to one of 2 artificial insemination methods (intravaginal and transcervical) using fresh semen. Determination of the estrus cycle phase and the time of Artificial insemination was based on vaginal cytology and serum progesterone concentrations. Bitches inseminated by the transcervical technique had a higher pregnancy rate with respect to females inseminated by the intravaginal technique (P < 0.05). Moreover, females with a serum progesterone concentration of 5-10 ng/mL had a greater probability (> 4 times) of getting pregnant than animals with lower or higher progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05). Bitches inseminated by the intravaginal technique and with serum progesterone concentrations >10 ng/mL had a considerable reduction in pregnancy (P < 0.05) compared with females with < 10 ng/mL serum progesterone or with bitches inseminated by the transcervical technique. Discusion: Serum progesterone concentration, the artificial insemination method, and superficial cells without a nucleus modified the pregnancy rate in bitches. Females inseminated by transcervical semen deposition had a higher pregnancy rate than females inseminated by the intravaginal technique. Using fresh or frozen-thawed semen produced a higher pregnancy rate in bitches inseminated by transcervical semen deposition than females inseminated by the intravaginal technique. Differences in the pregnancy rate between transcervical and intravaginal insemination could be associated with the correct semen disposition, the distance that the sperm must travel to reach the oocyte, as well as the number of sperm that reach the oviduct ampulla. Exist evidences that after ovulation, as progesterone rises, the cervix is closed, which may compromise the passage of the sperm deposited into the vagina. Therefore, it is likely that in females with a serum progesterone concentration > 10 ng/mL, the cervix was closed, compromising the ability of the sperm to access the oviduct. Thus, the use of intravaginal insemination should be done in bitches with a serum progesterone concentrations < 11 ng/mL to reduce the possibility of cervical closure and to increase the odds of pregnancy. It is well documented that the serum progesterone concentration and vaginal cytology parameters have a great influence on pregnancy success, and the results confirm these findings. In the present study, 96% of the bitches inseminated with a serum progesterone concentration of 5-10 ng/mL got pregnant and had higher odds of pregnancy than bitches with lower or higher serum progesterone concentrations. Keywords: female dogs, reproductive performance, pregnancy rate, fertility, intravaginal, transcervical, fresh, semen

Vulnerabilidad en viviendas de 1 y 2 pisos, basada en la NSR-10 título E ubicadas en Bogotá - Colombia

Cartilla que hace parte de la colección SENA APP Construcción en la que se trata la temática de vulnerabilidad sísmica en las construcciones de 1 y 2 pisos. Destaca peligros naturales, ubicaciones adecuadas e inadecuadas para construir, requisitos y configuración de una vivienda sismorresistente y cómo construir una vivienda segura.Los peligros naturales -- Terreno para construir -- La vivienda sismo resistente -- Construcción de una vivienda segura.na62 página