The effect of the Galilean telescope on handgun shooting accuracy

The Galilean telescope has been used as an optical aid by low vision patients. The increase in size of the target caused by the magnification of the telescope allows the patient to then see the target. Normally sighted subjects were employed in this experiment. The Galilean telescope was used to determine its effect on the accuracy of these subjects while firing handguns. Comparisons between a group of average shooters and a group of more experienced shooters revealed a decrease in shot group size of the average shooters and an increase in the range or variability between group sizes of the more experienced shooters. Both were statistically significant at the p\u3c.05 level. No statistically relevant data was recovered when both groups were analyzed together

Brain fiber tract plasticity in experimental spinal cord injury: diffusion tensor imaging.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and immunohistochemistry were performed in spinal cord injured rats to understand the basis for activation of multiple regions in the brain observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. The measured fractional anisotropy (FA), a scalar measure of diffusion anisotropy, along the region encompassing corticospinal tracts (CST) indicates significant differences between control and injured groups in the 3 to 4 mm area posterior to bregma that correspond to internal capsule and cerebral peduncle. Additionally, DTI-based tractography in injured animals showed increased number of fibers that extend towards the cortex terminating in the regions that were activated in fMRI. Both the internal capsule and cerebral peduncle demonstrated an increase in GFAP-immunoreactivity compared to control animals. GAP-43 expression also indicates plasticity in the internal capsule. These studies suggest that the previously observed multiple regions of activation in spinal cord injury are, at least in part, due to the formation of new fibers

Nuevos alcances metalogenéticos sobre el origen de los depósitos de uranio en el sureste del Perú (Región Puno - Cusco)

Se determina el modelo de depósito de uranio y sus principales ocurrencias en la región Puno y Cusco, así como también se proponen nuevas áreas de exploración de interés para la inversión minera. La zona de estudio se encuentra en el SE del Peru (NO del Lago Titicaca), abarcando las regiones de Cusco y Puno. Ocupa gran parte de la Cordillera Oriental y el Altiplano Andino del Sur, entre llanuras y altitudes que sobrepasan los 4200 msnm. La evaluación geoquímica de rocas se evaluaron dos provincias de petrogenética distinta: sobre la Cordillera Occidental, con magmatismo metaluminoso y en el Altiplano y la Cordillera Oriental con magmatismo peraluminoso. Se estima que se encontrarían ligados a procesos de anatexia de la corteza superior y que clasifican como granitos tipo “S” con valores Rb > 200 ppm. Las rocas ígneas con mejor potencia l para alojar uranio son las peraluminosas. La geocronología permite identificar tres campos volcánicos de esas características, en sentido NO: Campo Volcánico de Quenamari (Mioceno-Plioceno), Campo Volcánico de Picotani (Mioceno Medio) y la Formación Cayconi (Oligoceno Superior), en la Cordillera de Carabaya. Se aporta la geoquímica isotópica que confirma una naturaleza anatexica de las rocas ígneas, relacionadas a la mineralización de uranio. El análisis petromineralógico no revela alteración hidrotermal, lo que permite inferir que el fluido que transportó el uranio fue relativamente frío y de posible origen supergeno

Fine-scale population epigenetic structure in relation to gastrointestinal parasite load in red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica)

Acknowledgements This study was funded by a BBSRC studentship (MA Wenzel) and NERC grants NE/H00775X/1 and NE/D000602/1 (SB Piertney). The authors are grateful to Mario Röder and Keliya Bai for fieldwork assistance; Alex Douglas for statistical advice; Tyler Stevenson, Heather Ritchie and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on manuscript drafts; and all estate owners, factors and keepers for access to field sites, most particularly MJ Taylor and Mike Nisbet (Airlie), Neil Brown (Allargue), RR Gledson and David Scrimgeour (Delnadamph), Andrew Salvesen and John Hay (Dinnet), Stuart Young and Derek Calder (Edinglassie), Kirsty Donald and David Busfield (Glen Dye), Neil Hogbin and Ab Taylor (Glen Muick), Alistair Mitchell (Glenlivet), Simon Blackett, Jim Davidson and Liam Donald (Invercauld) Richard Cooke and Fred Taylor (Invermark), Shaila Rao and Christopher Murphy (Mar Lodge), and Ralph Peters and Philip Astor (Tillypronie).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Genome Sequence of the Deltaproteobacterial Strain NaphS2 and Analysis of Differential Gene Expression during Anaerobic Growth on Naphthalene

Anaerobic polycyclic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation coupled to sulfate reduction may be an important mechanism for in situ remediation of contaminated sediments. Steps involved in the anaerobic degradation of 2-methylnaphthalene have been described in the sulfate reducing strains NaphS3, NaphS6 and N47. Evidence from N47 suggests that naphthalene degradation involves 2-methylnaphthalene as an intermediate, whereas evidence in NaphS2, NaphS3 and NaphS6 suggests a mechanism for naphthalene degradation that does not involve 2-methylnaphthalene. To further characterize pathways involved in naphthalene degradation in NaphS2, the draft genome was sequenced, and gene and protein expression examined.Draft genome sequencing, gene expression analysis, and proteomic analysis revealed that NaphS2 degrades naphthoyl-CoA in a manner analogous to benzoyl-CoA degradation. Genes including the previously characterized NmsA, thought to encode an enzyme necessary for 2-methylnaphthalene metabolism, were not upregulated during growth of NaphS2 on naphthalene, nor were the corresponding protein products. NaphS2 may possess a non-classical dearomatizing enzyme for benzoate degradation, similar to one previously characterized in Geobacter metallireducens. Identification of genes involved in toluene degradation in NaphS2 led us to determine that NaphS2 degrades toluene, a previously unreported capacity. The genome sequence also suggests that NaphS2 may degrade other monoaromatic compounds.This study demonstrates that steps leading to the degradation of 2-naphthoyl-CoA are conserved between NaphS2 and N47, however while NaphS2 possesses the capacity to degrade 2-methylnaphthalene, naphthalene degradation likely does not proceed via 2-methylnaphthalene. Instead, carboxylation or another form of activation may serve as the first step in naphthalene degradation. Degradation of toluene and 2-methylnaphthalene, and the presence of at least one bss-like and bbs-like gene cluster in this organism, suggests that NaphS2 degrades both compounds via parallel mechanisms. Elucidation of the key genes necessary for anaerobic naphthalene degradation may provide the ability to track naphthalene degradation through in situ transcript monitoring

Propulsion Wheel Motor for an Electric Vehicle

A wheel assembly for an electric vehicle includes a wheel rim that is concentrically disposed about a central axis. A propulsion-braking module is disposed within an interior region of the wheel rim. The propulsion-braking module rotatably supports the wheel rim for rotation about the central axis. The propulsion-braking module includes a liquid cooled electric motor having a rotor rotatable about the central axis, and a stator disposed radially inside the rotor relative to the central axis. A motor-wheel interface hub is fixedly attached to the wheel rim, and is directly attached to the rotor for rotation with the rotor. The motor-wheel interface hub directly transmits torque from the electric motor to the wheel rim at a 1:1 ratio. The propulsion-braking module includes a drum brake system having an electric motor that rotates a cam device, which actuates the brake shoes

Sex differences on multikinase inhibitors toxicity in patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

Purpose: There is an increasing interest in the role of sex and gender in cancer pa-tients. The impact of sex differences in oncological systemic therapies is still unknown, and there is a lack of evidence specially in uncommon neoplasms like neuroendocrine tumours (NET). In the present study, we combine the differential toxicities by sex in five published clinical trials with multikinase inhibitors (MKI) in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NET.Methods: We performed a pooled univariate analysis of reported toxicity in patients treated in five phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials with MKI in the GEP NET setting: sunitinib (SU11248, SUN1111), Pazopanib (PAZONET), sorafenib-bevacizumab (GETNE0801) and Lenvatinib (TALENT). Differential toxicities between male and female patients were evaluated considering relationship with study drug and different weights of each trial by random effect adjustment.Results: We found nine toxicities which were more frequent in female patients (leukopenia, alopecia, vomiting, headache, bleeding, nausea, dysgeusia, neutrophil count decreased and dry mouth) and two toxicities being more frequent in male patients (Anal Symptoms and Insomnia). Asthenia and diarrhoea were the only severe (Grade 3-4) toxicities more frequent in female pa-tients.Conclusions: Sex-related differences in toxicity with the MKI treatment require targeted in-formation and individualised management of patients with NET. Differential reporting of toxicity should be promoted when clinical trials are published.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)