INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC DISTURBANCE ON THE SOFT BOTTOM MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY OF THE CAMPECHE BANK, MEXICO

The structure of macrobenthic communities was investigated in carbonate and transitional carbonate-terrigenous sediments of the Southern Gulf of Mexico (Campeche Bank). The aim was to assess the influence of natural disturbance represented by winter storms and river runoff and the putative influence of oil-related activities using a regional approach. At a scale of > 100 km community composition of benthic macroinfauna was characterised as distinct assemblages within the carbonate and transitional sedimentary provinces controlled by natural disturbance. The carbonate assemblage was numerous and diverse influenced by a heterogeneous substratum. Winter storms had a severe impact with mortality probably resulting from abrasion and passive transport causing low values of number of taxa, abundance, biomass and diversity measurements. Conversely, on the transitional shelf a sequence of disturbance from river runoff and winter storms resulted in a general impoverished community due to fine sedimentation and sediment instability. Immediately after the rainy season, values of biological measures were low, but the severity of disturbance was contingent with depth. At a scale of 10s km within the transitional shelf, the combined effect from natural and anthropogenic disturbance caused extremely low values of biological measures within the so called oil exclusion zone. Despite the lack of adequate controls the effects of oil related activities were identified as severe reductions in macroinfauna densities and biomass resulting in a very simple community. Large spatial variability at this scale masks the temporal variation observed in other areas of the Campeche Bank and the relationship between biological measures and indicators of oil activities (Barium, Nickel and oil-hydrocarbons). Finally the increased variability resulting from the influence of oil activities interrupts the natural gradient of macroinfauna patterns across the shelf.Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN unidad Merida, Mexico and Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologi'a UNAM, Mexic

CONSTRUCCIÓN EMERGENTE DEL CONCEPTO: CUIDADO PROFESIONAL DE ENFERMERÍA

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la construcción del concepto cuidado profesional de enfermería. Las aportaciones se encaminan a la dimensión profesional del campo de la ciencia de la enfermería. Es un estudio cualitativo con enfoque Hermenéutico, en 20 enfermeras, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad. El análisis fue de contenido. El cuidado profesional lo conceptualizan como el cuidado de la vida de las personas que solicitan sus servicios. Con ello, el hacer de la enfermera viene a ser un acto profesional y no un acto de buenas intensiones, con la obligación de asumir conductas de cuidado, que conlleva principios y normas establecidas por la disciplina. Las enfermeras entienden que se requiere de conocimientos constantes. La conceptualización del cuidado profesional que se apoya en la práctica, ofrece un acercamiento a la construcción de la Ciencia de la Enfermería

IMECE2008-68149 NUMERICAL STUDY IN WING TIP VORTEX FOR A MODIFIED COMMERCIAL BOEING AIRCRAFT

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that the use of winglets in aircrafts wing tips have been able to reduce fuel consumption by reducing the lift-induced drag caused by wing tip vortex. This paper presents a 3-D numerical study to analyze the drag and lift forces, and the behavior of the vortexes generated in the wing tips from a modified commercial Boeing aircraft 767-300/ER. This type of aircraft does not contain winglets to control the wing tip vortex, therefore, the aerodynamic effects were analyzed adding two models of winglets to the wing tip. The first one is the vortex diffuser winglet and the second one is the tip fence winglet. The analyses were made for steady state and compressible flow, for a constant Mach number. The results show that the vortex diffuser winglet gives the best results, reducing the core velocity of the wing tip vortex up to 19%, the total drag force of the aircraft up to 3.6% and it leads to a lift increase of up to 2.4% with respect to the original aircraft without winglets

Centro de formación integral y albergue para madres solteras adolescentes e hijos, en Villa María del Triunfo – Lima, 2021

La presente investigación tiene como principal objetivo el diseño de un Centro Integral para madres solteras adolescentes y sus hijos del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo, dicho equipamiento estará orientado a brindar y generar espacios adecuados de alojamiento, atención de salud y capacitación en carreras técnicas productivas, espacios que protejan, apoyen, conforten y fortalezcan a las adolescentes para insertarse a la sociedad y al mercado laboral. El proyecto consta de un Albergue, un Centro de atención medica básica, un centro de educación técnico productivo (CETPRO) con articulación a la educación básica regular y asistencia de Cunas; y se justifica ante la realidad social, estas son identificadas en el estudio de la población que muestra el aumento de la deserción estudiantil de las adolescentes en etapa de gestación

Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with a Bio-Inspired Aging Model

A Particle Swarm Optimization with a Bio-inspired Aging Model (BAM-PSO) algorithm is proposed to alleviate the premature convergence problem of other PSO algorithms. Each particle within the swarm is subjected to aging based on the age-related changes observed in immune system cells. The proposed algorithm is tested with several popular and well-established benchmark functions and its performance is compared to other evolutionary algorithms in both low and high dimensional scenarios. Simulation results reveal that at the cost of computational time, the proposed algorithm has the potential to solve the premature convergence problem that affects PSO-based algorithms; showing good results for both low and high dimensional problems. This work suggests that aging mechanisms do have further implications in computational intelligence

Prácticas de autocuidado en adultos mayores: un estudio cualitativo en población mexicana

Background: Older adults perform self-care activities based on common knowledge, which should be valued by the nursing team. Objectives: To describe and analyze the self-care behaviors of older adults in a Mexican population. Methodology: Qualitative ethnographic study, using Leininger’s qualitative research method. Results: Seventeen older adults were interviewed. Te analysis resulted in 4 explanatory patterns: 1) I keep my peace of mind through what I think, feel, and believe; 2) I watch my diet and pay attention not only to what I eat but also how I eat it; 3) Staying busy is what keeps me going; 4) and Seeking help and helping myself. Te following risk behaviors were identifed: Postponing medical care; Self-medication; and Food-related beliefs. Conclusion: Identifying older adults’ reported behaviors would contribute to the planning of culturally-sensitive nursing interventions.Marco contextual: Los adultos mayores realizan prácticas de autocuidado con base en sus saberes populares, estas de- ben ser valoradas por el personal de enfermería. Objetivos: Describir y analizar las prácticas de autocuidado que llevan a cabo adultos mayores de una población mexicana. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa etnográfica, en la que se utilizó el método de análisis cualitativo de Leininger. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 17 adultos mayores. El análisis originó 4 patrones explicativos: 1) Conservo mi tranquilidad a través de lo que pienso, siento y creo; 2) Cuido mi alimentación porque no solo es lo que se come, sino cómo se come; 3) Mantenerme ocupado es lo que me tiene en pie; 4) Pidiendo ayuda y ayudándose uno mismo. Las prácticas de riesgo son posponer la atención médica, automedicarse y las creencias en la alimentación. Conclusión: La identificación de las prácticas expresadas por los adultos mayores aportaría una plusvalía en la planificación de las intervenciones de enfermería en el ámbito de los cuidados culturalmente sensibles

Avaliação da eficácia do aluminosilicato de sódio hidratado na prevenção de câncer hepático induzido por aflatoxina em truta arco-íris

The use of aluminum silicates for decontaminating animal feed containing aflatoxins has yielded encouraging results in chicken and turkey poults. In contrast, very few studies have tested these substances in aquaculture. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of a trout diet containing 0.5% hydrated sodium aluminosilicate (HSAS) in protecting against contamination with aflatoxin B1. Trout were reared on these diets for one year and the experimental groups were examined monthly for hepatic presumptive preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Regardless of the presence of HSAS, all of the fish that received aflatoxin in their diet have shown hepatic lesions indicative of a carcinogenic process, presenting also the development of cancer in some fish. The concentration of HSAS used in this study was ineffective in preventing the onset of hepatic lesions induced by aflatoxin B1 in rainbow trout.Resultados encorajadores têm sido observados com o emprego de aluminosilicatos para descontaminação de ração contendo aflatoxina destinada à avicultura. No entanto, raros estudos têm sido destinados a testar essa substância em aqüicultura. Assim, no presente trabalho, foi investigada a eficácia do aluminosilicato de sódio hidratado (HSAS, 0,5%) em proteger a truta arco-íris dos danos hepáticos causados por ração contaminada com aflatoxina B1. Os grupos experimentais foram alimentados com suas respectivas dietas durante 12 meses, mensalmente cada grupo foi amostrado para análises anatomopatológica e histopatológica para verificação da presença de lesões hepáticas. Apesar da presença de HSAS, todos os grupos que receberam dieta contaminada com aflatoxina B1 apresentaram lesões hepáticas indicativas do processo carcinogênico, sendo que exemplares alimentados com essas dietas por mais longo prazo apresentaram hepatocarcinoma ou colangiocarcinoma. Estes resultados indicaram que a concentração de HSAS usada no presente estudo não foi efetiva em prevenir o desenvolvimento de lesões hepáticas induzidas por aflatoxina B1 em truta arco-íris.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Universidade Estadual de Campina

Contexto histórico del cuidado profesional de Enfermería en México

La Enfermería mexicana fue construyendo, como proceso histórico, un cuerpo de saberes en un acto dialéctico permanente: Ser, saber y hacer en enfermería se amalgaman para otorgar un cuidado profesional de enfermería. Objetivo: reflexionar y argumentar sobre el desarrollo del cuidado profesional, hasta transformarse en el acto monopólico o cuerpo de saberes de la profesión de enfermería en México. Se empleó el método analítico-sintético, apoyado en la hermenéutica. Se revisaron textos que abordan el cuidado desde enfoques diversos: humanismo, medicina, sociología y enfermería. Resultados: El conocimiento y la asunción del cuidado como objeto epistémico de la profesión de enfermería en México es reciente. Ha sido un ejercicio lento, difícil de entender, de transmitir y, sobre todo, de aplicar en cada una de las áreas laborales. Conclusiones: Existe un trabajo colegiado permanente para posicionar el otorgamiento de un cuidado profesional, solidario y ciudadano