Los Derivados financieros como herramienta para evaluar la reforma laboral : una aproximación binomial

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis de la reforma laboral del mercado español mediante la utilización de derivados financieros reales. El trabajo consiste en modelizar la función incentivo del contratador desde el punto de vista de una cartera de derivados con el fin de analizar el impacto sobre la creación de empleo indefinido de las distintas propuestas realizadas por los principales agentes participantes del debate. La principal aportación de este trabajo consiste en la creación de un simulador que nos permite analizar las sensibilidades de las principales variables suceptibles de ser modificadas en la Reforma Laboral para cada uno de los escenarios considerados

Impact of laser attacks on the switching behavior of RRAM devices

The ubiquitous use of critical and private data in electronic format requires reliable and secure embedded systems for IoT devices. In this context, RRAMs (Resistive Random Access Memories) arises as a promising alternative to replace current memory technologies. However, their suitability for this kind of application, where the integrity of the data is crucial, is still under study. Among the different typology of attacks to recover information of secret data, laser attack is one of the most common due to its simplicity. Some preliminary works have already addressed the influence of laser tests on RRAM devices. Nevertheless, the results are not conclusive since different responses have been reported depending on the circuit under testing and the features of the test. In this paper, we have conducted laser tests on individual RRAM devices. For the set of experiments conducted, the devices did not show faulty behaviors. These results contribute to the characterization of RRAMs and, together with the rest of related works, are expected to pave the way for the development of suitable countermeasures against external attacks.Postprint (published version

Calorimetria diferencial de flux: la transició de fase sòlid-líquid de l'aigua

Una de les branques fonamentals de la física és la termodinàmica. Els estudiants universitaris són introduïts generalment a aquesta matèria després d'haver estudiat Mecànica Clàssica i Electromagnetisme. A la termodinàmica, els estudiants es troben magnituds físiques que no han estat considerades en d'altres disciplines de la física. Cadascuna d'aquestes noves magnituds està directament relacionada amb una de les lleis en les que es fonamenta la termodinàmica. És a dir: la definició de la temperatura es basa en el concepte d'equilibri tèrmic junt amb el principi zero. La introducció del primer principi porta a un tipus de transferència d'energia que no és ni mecànica ni elèctrica: és el concepte de calor, i finalment, el segon principi, permet definir l'entitat termodinàmica potser més obscura: l'entropia

Utilitat d'una prova ràpida per determinar la proteïna C reactiva (QuikRead go® CRP) en el maneig del lactant amb febre sense focus a urgències

The C-reactive protein (CRP) is useful in the management of infants with fever without source (FWS) as it may help identify those at high risk of potentially serious bacterial infection SBI). Methods for bedside CRP testing are now available

New Approach to Designing Functional Materials for Stealth Technology: Radar Experiment with Bilayer Absorbers and Optimization of the Reflection Loss

Microwave power absorption by a two-layer system deposited on a metallic surface is studied in the experimental setup emulating the response to a radar signal. Layers containing hexaferrite and iron powder in a dried paint of thickness under 1 mm are used. The data is analyzed within a theoretical model derived for a bilayer system from the transmission line theory. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is found. The advantage of using a bilayer system over a single-layer system is demonstrated. How the maximum microwave absorption (minimum reflection) can be achieved through the optimization of the filling factors and thicknesses of the two layers is shown

Prospective multicenter study of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from 83 hospitals in Spain reveals high in vitro susceptibility to colistin and meropenem

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Spain in 2013 by describing the prevalence, dissemination, and geographic distribution of CPE clones, and their population structure and antibiotic susceptibility. From February 2013 to May 2013, 83 hospitals (about 40,000 hospital beds) prospectively collected nonduplicate Enterobacteriaceae using the screening cutoff recommended by EUCAST. Carbapenemase characterization was performed by phenotypic methods and confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Multilocus sequencing types (MLST) were determined for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. A total of 702 Enterobacteriaceae isolates met the inclusion criteria; 379 (54%) were CPE. OXA-48 (71.5%) and VIM-1 (25.3%) were the most frequent carbapenemases, and K. pneumoniae (74.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (10.3%), and E. coli (8.4%) were the species most affected. Susceptibility to colistin, amikacin, and meropenem was 95.5%, 81.3%, and 74.7%, respectively. The most prevalent sequence types (STs) were ST11 and ST405 for K. pneumoniae and ST131 for E. coli. Forty-five (54.1%) of the hospitals had at least one CPE case. For K. pneumoniae, ST11/OXA-48, ST15/OXA-48, ST405/OXA-48, and ST11/VIM-1 were detected in two or more Spanish provinces. ST11 isolates carried four carbapenemases (VIM-1, OXA-48, KPC-2, and OXA-245), but ST405 isolates carried OXA-48 only. A wide interregional spread of CPE in Spain was observed, mainly due to a few successful clones of OXA-48-producing K. pneumoniae (e.g., ST11 and ST405). The dissemination of OXA-48-producing E. coli is a new finding of public health concern. According to the susceptibilities determined in vitro, most of the CPE (94.5%) had three or more options for antibiotic treatmentFondo de Investigación Sanitaria PI12/01242General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa y Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases REIPI RD12/001

Openings and closings in Spanish email conversations

Despite the increasing interest scholarly research has shown in the study of computer-mediated communication, there is still a need to investigate the empirical validity of assumed homogeneity of language usage over the net and focus on the social diversity and variation that characterizes any communication. With this in mind, the present paper is an investigation into the stylistic choices that a particular group of email users made when engaged in a specific activity type. More specifically, it explores the variation in the discourse practices employed to open and close emails in conversation alongside the institutional power of participants and the interactional position of each email contributing to the conversation. To carry out this study a corpus of short email conversations in Peninsular Spanish was collected (n = 240). The analysis focused on the opening and closing sequences of the emails that made up the conversations and considered opening and closing linguistic conventions as discursive practices that members of a community may use strategically. The findings revealed that the discursive practices under scrutiny were subject not only to technological but also to social and interactional constraints and thus highlighted contextual variability. Further, the high degree of sociability in the electronic episodes studied was interpreted as reflecting a ¿people first, business second¿ communicative style

Population structure and gene flow of Geoffroy's cat (Leopardus geoffroyi) in the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion

Felids are among the species most threatened by habitat fragmentation resulting from land-use change. In the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion, about 30% of natural habitats have been lost, large felids have been eradicated from most of the region, and the impact of anthropogenic threats over the smaller species that remain is unknown. To develop management strategies, it is important to enhance knowledge about species population structure and landscape connectivity, particularly when land-use change will continue and intensify in the next years. In this study, we evaluate the population structure and gene flow of Geoffroy's cat in the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion. We generated a matrix of 11 microsatellite loci for 70 individuals. Based on Bayesian approaches we found that within the Uruguayan Savanna, Geoffroy's cat shows high levels of genetic variability and no population structure. However, we observed genetic differences between individuals from the Uruguayan Savanna and those from the contiguous ecoregion, the Argentinian Humid Pampa. Four first-generation migrants from Humid Pampa were identified in the Uruguayan Savanna, suggesting a stronger gene flow in the west-east direction. We detected a past bottleneck followed by a subsequent recovery in Geoffroy's cat populations in both ecoregions. These results lay the groundwork to understand the population dynamics and conservation status of Geoffroy's cat in the Uruguayan Savanna ecoregion, and provide baseline data to establish population monitoring.Fil: Bou, Nadia. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: Soutullo, Álvaro. Universidad de la Republica; UruguayFil: Hernández, Daniel. Laboratorio de Control Ambiental; UruguayFil: Mannise, Natalia. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: González, Susana. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: Bartesaghi, Lucía. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; UruguayFil: Pereira, Javier Adolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Merino, Mariano Lisandro. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (Sede Junín); ArgentinaFil: Espinosa, Caroline. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Trigo, Tatiane C.. Museu de Ciencias Naturais; ArgentinaFil: Cosse, Mariana. Ministerio de Educacion y Cultura.; Urugua

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinolones and b-Lactams in Acinetobacter Genospecies 3

Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined in 15 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Acinetobacter genospecies 3. Moreover, the mechanisms of resistance to some b-lactam antibiotics may be associated with the presence of a chromosomal cephalosporinase, AmpC, and the resistance to quinolones related to mutations in the gyrA and parC genes