Aplicación del Consentimiento Informado por Estomatólogos en la Atención Primaria de Salud / Application of the Informed Consent by the dentists in Primary Health Care

La bioética se sustenta en el principio de la autonomía, que es el respeto a la dignidad del hombre y se manifiesta a través del consentimiento informado, sin embargo, se desconoce cómo se aplica por los estomatólogos pinareños. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal para determinar el nivel de aplicación del consentimiento informado por los estomatólogos de la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio Pinar del Río en junio de 2007, lo que se considera de vital importancia para un ejercicio de la profesión, que implique el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos, específicamente del consentimiento informado. De un universo de 134 estomatólogos, fueron incluidos en la investigación 100, a los cuales se le realizó una encuesta y guía de observación. Los datos se procesaron y se utilizaron los métodos de la estadística descriptiva. Se encontró que no hay un conocimiento completo, ni se aplica de forma correcta el consentimiento informado, siendo los elementos más violados: la solicitud de autorización al paciente y la incorporación del mismo a las decisiones sobre el tratamiento a realizar. Palabras clave: ESTOMATOLOGÍA, BIOÉTICA, CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO. ABSTRACT Bioethics is supported in the principle of autonomy, the respect of the human dignity and it is stated by means of the informed consent; however dentists in Pinar del Rio do not know how to apply it. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the level of application of the informed consent by the dentists of the Primary Health Care in Pinar del Rio municipality on June 2007, which is considered a matter of vital importance to practice the profession implying the fulfillment of the bioethical principles, mainly the informed consent. Out of a universe of 134 dentists, 100 were included into the research applying a survey and an observation guide. Data were processed using descriptive statistical methods. Findings showed incomplete knowledge about the proper application of the informed consent. The most violated elements were request for the authorization and the incorporation of the patents to decision-making about the treatment to be followed. Key words: ORAL MEDICINE, Bioethics, Informed consent

Aplicación del Consentimiento Informado por Estomatólogos en la Atención Primaria de Salud / Application of the Informed Consent by the dentists in Primary Health Care

La bioética se sustenta en el principio de la autonomía, que es el respeto a la dignidad del hombre y se manifiesta a través del consentimiento informado, sin embargo, se desconoce cómo se aplica por los estomatólogos pinareños. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal para determinar el nivel de aplicación del consentimiento informado por los estomatólogos de la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio Pinar del Río en junio de 2007, lo que se considera de vital importancia para un ejercicio de la profesión, que implique el cumplimiento de los principios bioéticos, específicamente del consentimiento informado. De un universo de 134 estomatólogos, fueron incluidos en la investigación 100, a los cuales se le realizó una encuesta y guía de observación. Los datos se procesaron y se utilizaron los métodos de la estadística descriptiva. Se encontró que no hay un conocimiento completo, ni se aplica de forma correcta el consentimiento informado, siendo los elementos más violados: la solicitud de autorización al paciente y la incorporación del mismo a las decisiones sobre el tratamiento a realizar. Palabras clave: ESTOMATOLOGÍA, BIOÉTICA, CONSENTIMIENTO INFORMADO. ABSTRACT Bioethics is supported in the principle of autonomy, the respect of the human dignity and it is stated by means of the informed consent; however dentists in Pinar del Rio do not know how to apply it. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the level of application of the informed consent by the dentists of the Primary Health Care in Pinar del Rio municipality on June 2007, which is considered a matter of vital importance to practice the profession implying the fulfillment of the bioethical principles, mainly the informed consent. Out of a universe of 134 dentists, 100 were included into the research applying a survey and an observation guide. Data were processed using descriptive statistical methods. Findings showed incomplete knowledge about the proper application of the informed consent. The most violated elements were request for the authorization and the incorporation of the patents to decision-making about the treatment to be followed. Key words: ORAL MEDICINE, Bioethics, Informed consent

¿Qué entienden los expertos por comunicación responsable?

This paper explores the perspective of communication experts about the concept of responsible communication (RC). Seven experts were interviewed and the results indicate two perspectives: a first one that emphasizes the role of RC as a reactor axis of corporate reputation and a second one that bets on holism as the basis of organizational transversality. As a theoretical category, RC offers a better understanding of how organizations’ public communication may facilitate openness and understanding between organizations and society.Este artigo examina a perspectiva de especialistas sobre a comunicação responsável (CR). Foram entrevistados sete especialistas, e os resultados mostram duas perspectivas: uma que destaca o papel da CR como eixo norteador da reputação corporativa e outra que aposta no holismo como base da transversalidade organizacional. Como categoria teórica, a CR oferece um maior conhecimento sobre como a comunicação pública das organizações pode facilitar a abertura e a compreensão entre organizações e sociedade.Este trabajo explora la perspectiva de especialistas sobre comunicación responsable (CR). Siete expertos fueron entrevistados, y los resultados indican dos perspectivas: una que enfatiza el papel de la CR como eje rector de la reputación corporativa y otra que apuesta por el holismo como base de la transversalidad organizacional. Mientras categoría teórica, la CR ofrece un mayor conocimiento sobre la forma en que la comunicación pública de las organizaciones puede facilitar la apertura y el entendimiento entre organizaciones y sociedad

Sensitization to indoor aeroallergens in children who attended the Allergy Service of the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of Monterrey, Mexico

Background: Indoor aeroallergens are the main cause of sensitization in children and represent a risk factor for the development of allergic diseases. Objective: Identify the major indoor aeroallergens most often sensitized to pediatric patients treated at the Allergy Service at the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital of Monterrey Methods: We performed an observational and descriptive study where we reviewed reports of positive skin tests to the following common indoor aeroallergens: Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus), Canis familiaris (C. familiaris), Felis domesticus (F. domesticus), Blattella germanica (B. germanica) and Periplaneta americana (P. americana), found in patients under 16 years with symptoms of allergy, during the period of 2011-2012. Results: We performed 439 skin tests to aeroallergens in pediatric patients. Of these, 57.6% were male and 42.4% were female. Mean age was 6.3 years. The age groups were under 3 years: 17.8%, 3-5 years: 35%, 6-12 years: 36%, and 13-16 years: 11.2%. The main diagnoses were: allergic rhinitis (71.8%), asthma (16.6%), and atopic dermatitis (4.3%). In 57.9% of the cases, they had at least one positive skin test to any aeroallergen. The rate of sensitization to speciic aeroallergens was: D. Pteronyssinus 49.0%, D. farinae 44.6%, B. germanica 13.9%, P. Americana 10.9%, F. domesticus 10.7%, and C. familiaris 5.9%. Conclusion: Indoor aeroallergen sensitization can occur early in life, although it was more frequent in the preschooler and elementary school group. Dust house mites were the most commom cause of allergic sensitization

Antología. Taller de Escritura Autobiográfica

El libro que está en sus manos representa una cosecha de vivencias y deseos, que hoy encuentran un lugar para ofrecerse como alimento a las personas que amamos la escritura y la historia. Sus páginas nos confían los recuerdos e inquietudes de un grupo de escritoras cuyo amor a la lectura y la escritura, que les ha acompañado a través de su vida, toma forma en esta serie de relatos autobiográficos. Encontrará en este recorrido imágenes que nos transportan hasta 80 años hacia el pasado, entre juegos infantiles, luchas contra las condiciones adversas y reflexiones sobre las diferentes etapas de la vida. Estas historias nos regalan la oportunidad de conocer sobre el ayer, pero sobre todo, nos transmiten la sabiduría de un grupo de personas que hacen de su existencia una poesía. El proyecto “Escritura y movimiento dancístico como escenario potencial para la construcción autobiográfica en personas adultas mayor”, del Centro de Investigación sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER) de la Universidad de Costa Rica, agradece al escritor y las escrituras de este libro por su contribución a la investigación sobre la relación entre el arte y el psicoanálisis; así como el aporte a la cultura que significan sus escritos.Universidad de Costa Rica/[836-B9-148]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occidente::Recinto San Ramón::Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER

Prevalence of allergy to hymenoptera sting among schoolchildren in Monterrey, México

Las picaduras de himenópteros pueden causar reacciones alergicas en individuos sensbilizados a su veneno. Hay pocos datos epidemiologicos sobre la prevalencia de este tipo de alergia en niños en México. El principal estudio de este año es conocer la prevalencia de la alergia al veneno de himenópteros en escolares de Monterrey, México

Multimedia for Fifth Year Medicine Professors and Students. Public Health Subject

Background: taking into consideration the potentialities of the use of information technologies, it is necessary for each teacher to develop methods of work where the use of the computer is a strong ally that permit improving the aids and teaching methods to win the quality of learning. Objective: elaborating a multimedia to support the fifth year Medicine teacher and students in Public Health subject. Methods: a multimedia was created departing from the software Creasoft 2, 1 created by a group of information-technology of Medical Sciences of Holguin. The foundations of the project for the introduction of documents, imagery and videos constructed in terms of the program of Public Health subject were created. Documentary revision and work in group of experts was accomplished in order to decide the contents of the software. Results: the multimedia works so that the students and professors can agree to the software and semesters validated for its utilization according to the program of the subject of study, exercises for themes are available, it is accessed to instructive, educational and counsellors videos of different contents, the literature is updated, counts with the health programs, actions of control of focus in transmissible diseases and other documents for fifth year Medicine professor and students. Conclusions: the created multimedia must contribute to elevate the quality of teaching because this means has been presented at the time and opportune conditions, adequately combined in terms of the fulfilment of the objectives

Multimedia for Fifth Year Medicine Professors and Students. Public Health Subject

Background: taking into consideration the potentialities of the use of information technologies, it is necessary for each teacher to develop methods of work where the use of the computer is a strong ally that permit improving the aids and teaching methods to win the quality of learning. Objective: elaborating a multimedia to support the fifth year Medicine teacher and students in Public Health subject. Methods: a multimedia was created departing from the software Creasoft 2, 1 created by a group of information-technology of Medical Sciences of Holguin. The foundations of the project for the introduction of documents, imagery and videos constructed in terms of the program of Public Health subject were created. Documentary revision and work in group of experts was accomplished in order to decide the contents of the software. Results: the multimedia works so that the students and professors can agree to the software and semesters validated for its utilization according to the program of the subject of study, exercises for themes are available, it is accessed to instructive, educational and counsellors videos of different contents, the literature is updated, counts with the health programs, actions of control of focus in transmissible diseases and other documents for fifth year Medicine professor and students. Conclusions: the created multimedia must contribute to elevate the quality of teaching because this means has been presented at the time and opportune conditions, adequately combined in terms of the fulfilment of the objectives

Caracterización Genética de Angiostrongylus Cantonensis Aislados de Diferentes Regiones de Ecuador

Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1945) was identified in Ecuador for the first time in 2008. Eleven provinces of the country were investigated to establish the phylogenetic relationships between the isolates of the adult parasite and to compare them with those existing in other regions of the world; partial region of subunit 1 of Cytochrome oxidase (COI 1) was amplified, amplicons were sequenced and aligned with the reference sequences of the AC1-AC9 haplotypes. Isolates are grouped in a single clade different from the other previously characterized groups, which represents a novelty for the genetic diversity of the parasite in Latin America and the rest of the world. The parasite has been recently introduced, which has prevented genetic divergence between the isolates.Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1945) fue identificado en Ecuador por primera vez en 2008. Se investigaron once provincias del país para establecer las relaciones filogenéticas entre los aislados del parásito y compararlos con los existentes en otras regiones del mundo; Se amplificó la región parcial de la subunidad 1 del citocromo oxidasa (COI 1), se secuenciaron los amplicones y se alinearon con las secuencias de referencia de los haplotipos AC1-AC9. Los resultados demuestran que los aislamientos se agrupan en un solo clado diferente a los otros grupos previamente caracterizados, lo que representa una novedad para la diversidad genética del parásito en América Latina y el resto del mundo. Se concluye que el parásito ha sido introducido recientemente, lo que ha impedido divergencia entre los aislado

Democracia en el Estado de México: fortalezas y debilidades

En toda interacción humana puede estar presente el poder. Por tanto, todas las formas de interacción humana son susceptibles de catalogarse como democráticas o como autoritarias (e incluso híbridas, cuando conjugan elementos democráticos y autoritarios). En la interacción democrática o bien está ausente el poder o bien éste es ejercido con tolerancia y con apego a normas preestablecidas. En la interacción autoritaria prevalece la intolerancia, la arbitrariedad y la violencia