Charging infrastructure and the launch of electric vehicle

Este trabajo revisa la evolución y estado actual de la automoción eléctrica; analiza las ventajas ambientales, de eficiencia energética y de costes del motor eléctrico frente al de combustión interna; y presenta como limitaciones para el uso del vehículo eléctrico, el desarrollo actual de las baterías recargables y la lenta implantación de electrolineras. Con el objetivo de contribuir al desarrollo de una actividad económica respetuosa con el medio ambiente y basada en nuevas tecnologías, se proyecta, a partir de experiencias previas, una instalación de puntos de recarga para una ciudad de 50.000 habitantes con un parque de 100 vehículos eléctricos que dispone de dos plazas de recarga rápida (poste trifásico 400V CA), siete plazas de recarga lenta (postes monofásicos 230V CA) y de 50 módulos fotovoltaicos que producen diariamente la energía equivalente a la recarga lenta de un vehículo en los meses fríos y de dos en los meses cálidos.This paper reviews the evolution and current state of the electric car; analyzes the advantages of the electric motor versus the internal combustion engine which are: less harmful to the environment, energy efficiency and cost; and shows the present development of rechargeable batteries and the slow implementation of EV charging stations as limitations on the use of electric vehicles. With the aim of contributing to the development of an economic activity that is eco-friendly and based on new technologies, from former experiences, an installation for electric charging in a 50,000 inhabitants town with a fleet of 100 electric vehicles is projected. It has two parking places for fast recharge (three-phase 400V AC), seven for slow recharge (single-phase 230V AC) and 50 photovoltaic modules that daily produce the equivalent energy for the slow recharge of one vehicle in the colder months and two in the warmer ones.Cet article examine l'évolution et l'état de l'art de la voiture électrique; il analyse les avantages environnementales, d’efficacité énergetique et des coûts du moteur électrique contre le moteur à combustion interne; il montre comme limitation sur l'usage des véhicules électriques le développement présent des piles rechargeables et la lente mise en oeuvre d'un réseau de bornes de recharge. Au but de contribuer au développement d'une activité économique qui est respectueuse de l'environnement et basé sur les nouvelles technologies, on projette, en utilisant des experiences précédentes, une installation de bornes de recharge dans une ville de 50.000 habitants avec une flotte de 100 véhicules électriques. Elle a deux emplacements de parking pour recharge rapide (400V CA triphasé), sept pour recharge lente (230V CA monophasé) et 50 modules photovoltaïques qui produisent chaque jour l'énergie équivalente pour la recharge lente d'un véhicule dans les mois plus froids et deux dans les plus chauds

Tensiones y contradicciones en la intervención gubernamental para la promoción de la lactancia materna

Con el propósito de esclarecer el abandono de la lactancia materna en zonas rurales de México, se aborda el modelo biomédico vigente y las políticas y acciones para la promoción de la lactancia materna que se derivan de su enfoque teórico, y se discuten las estrategias operativas del programa gubernamental de beneficio social Oportunidades. Para ello se retoman los testimonios de 39 madres jóvenes lactantes, 11 mujeres madres abuelas y 12 miembros del personal sanitario de la población náhuatl de Cuentepec, Morelos, México, recabados en un trabajo de investigación previo, realizado entre 2008 y 2009. Se constató que el modelo biomédico, que permea todas las acciones de promoción de lactancia materna, cosifica a las personas, limita la comunicación, devalúa los saberes tradicionales de las mujeres e impone un discurso que paulatinamente desalienta dicha práctica. Se propone adoptar un cambio epistémico del pensamiento biomédico que transite del paradigma de la simplicidad al de la complejidad, para lograr un acercamiento mayor a la comprensión de los procesos bio-psico-socio-culturales propios del ser humano.With the purpose of shedding light on the decrease in the practice of breastfeeding in rural areas of Mexico, this article looks at the current biomedical model and the policies and actions to promote breastfeeding derived from the model’s theoretical approach. The article also discusses operational strategies of the governmental social welfare program Oportunidades. For this purpose, the study utilizes the testimonies of 39 young breastfeeding mothers, 11 mothers and grandmothers and 12 members of the health staff in the Nahuatl population of Cuentepec, Morelos, Mexico, which were collected during a previous study in 2008 and 2009. It was found that the biomedical model, which permeates all actions to promote breastfeeding, reifies people, limits communication, devaluates women’s traditional knowledge and imposes a discourse that gradually discourages the practice of breastfeeding. The article’s proposal is to adopt an epistemic change in biomedical thought that shifts from a paradigm of simplicity to one of complexity, with the purpose of achieving a greater understanding of the biopsycho- socio-cultural processes of human beings

Molecular fingerprinting of Campylobacter and Arcobacter isolated from chicken and water

The potential of a fingerprinting method based on the single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (s-AFLP) technique was evaluated for its efficacy in detecting foodborne Campylobacter and Arcobacter species. Campylobacter and Arcobacter isolates from chicken and water samples were subjected to s-AFLP and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiling. Molecular typing revealed a high degree of heterogeneity. AFLP was found to be appropriate for differentiating minimal genomic variations, which makes this technique a valuable tool for the identification of isolates. PFGE was effective in showing epidemiological relationships among closely related isolates. Either technique allowed the discrimination of A. butzleri from A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii. When used together, s-AFLP and PFGE can be applied to determine taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among campylobacteria. [Int Microbiol 2007; 10(2):85-90

Interdisciplinarity metric based on the co-citation network

Quantifying the interdisciplinarity of a research is a relevant problem in the evaluative bibliometrics. The concept of interdisciplinarity is ambiguous and multidimensional. Thus, different measures of interdisciplinarity have been propose in the literature. However, few studies have proposed interdisciplinary metrics without previously defining classification sets, and no one use the co-citation network for this purpose. In this study we propose an interdisciplinary metric based on the co-citation network. This is a way to define the publication's field without resorting to pre-defined classification sets. We present a characterization of a publication's field and then we use this definition to propose a new metric of the interdisciplinarity degree for publications (papers) and journals as units of analysis. The proposed measure has an aggregative property that makes it scalable from a paper individually to a set of them (journal) without more than adding the numerators and denominators in the proportions that define this new indicator. Moreover, the aggregated value of two or more units is strictly among all the individual values.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl

Broadband transverse susceptibility in multiferroic Y-type hexaferrite Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Fe12O22

Producción CientíficaNoncollinear spin systems with magnetically induced ferroelectricity from changes in spiral magnetic ordering have attracted significant interest in recent research due to their remarkable magnetoelectric effects with promising applications. Single phase multiferroics are of great interest for these new multifunctional devices, being Y-type hexaferrites good candidates, and among them the ZnY compounds due to their ordered magnetic behaviour over room temperature. Polycrystalline Y type hexaferrites with composition Ba0.5Sr1.5Zn2Fe2O22 (BSZFO) were sintered in 1050 °C–1250 °C temperature range. Transverse susceptibility measurements carried out on these BSZFO samples in the temperature range 80–350 K with DC fields up to ± 5000 Oe reveal different behaviour depending on the sintering temperature. Sample sintered at 1250 °C is qualitatively different, suggesting a mixed Y and Z phase like CoY hexaferrites. Sintering at lower temperatures produce single phase Y-type, but the transverse susceptibility behaviour of the sample sintered at 1150 °C is shifted at temperatures 15 K higher. Regarding the DC field sweeps the observed behaviour is a peak that shifts to lower values with increasing temperature, and the samples corresponding to single Y phase exhibit several maxima and minima in the 250 K–330 K range at low DC applied field as a result of the magnetic field induced spin transitions in this compound.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Agencia Estatal de Investigación with FEDER (MAT2016-80784-P

Correlation of students’ previous ideas in Earth Sciences at european and international level

El objeto de este trabajo es comparar las ideas previas sobre algunos aspectos de las Ciencias de la Tierra de los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla con las de niños y futuros maestros de otros países europeos, con la finalidad de encontrar los principales obstáculos de aprendizaje y proponer alternativas didácticas para superarlos