Sudden hearing loss: National survey in Spain

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Acta Otorrinolaringológica 67.2 (2016): 59-65, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otorri.2015.03.003The objective of our study was to identify the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the different ENT Departments of Spain with respect to sudden deafness. We wanted to establish a basis to help to create a new nation-wide consensus, unifying treatment, diagnostic and follow-up criteria for this disease. Methods: We carried out an anonymous Internet survey, addressing Spanish ENT doctors nation-wide (n = 2,029), gathering in 33 questions different aspects about diagnostic criteria, additional tests, treatment procedures and prognostic factors in sudden deafness, according to the different protocols and experience of the participants in the survey. Results: A total of 293 Spanish ENT doctors (14%) took part anonymously. In relation to diagnostic criteria, is the most noteworthy was the requisite of a confirmed neurosensorial loss (91.1%) followed by "initiated in less than three days" (75%) and 3 consecutive frequencies affected (76.4%). More than half of the participants requested an MRI of the IAC/CPA (68.7%) and 88.2% used gadolinium in this test. The prognostic factor most frequently considered was delay in commencement of treatment onset (84.8%).As far as treatment of primary cases, most of the responders agreed on the use of corticosteroids (99.7%). Oral administration was the most widely used (66%), followed by intravenous (29.6%) and intratympanic (1.4%) administration. Ninety-two percent had not had any major complications with systemic steroids. Intratympanic treatments were used by 70% of responders for rescue in failure. Conclusions: In Spain there is currently a significant disparity of concepts regarding the diagnosis of sudden deafness, and more agreement as to using steroids as their treatment. This highlights the need to implement measures to promote a better approach, which would be homogeneous and consensual, to this condition.Introducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio es identificar las actitudes diagnósticas y terapéuticas que se llevan a cabo en los diferentes servicios de otorrinolaringología (tanto del ámbito privado como público) en España con respecto a la sordera súbita. Esto permitirá establecer una base que ayude a generar un nuevo consenso a nivel nacional, unificando criterios para el tratamiento, diagnóstico y seguimiento de esta patología. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta anónima por Internet, dirigida a otorrinolaringólogos españoles a nivel nacional (n = 2.029 especialistas afiliados a la SEORL), recopilando en 33 preguntas diferentes aspectos en relación a los criterios diagnósticos, pruebas complementarias, pautas de tratamiento y factores pronósticos en la sordera súbita, según los diferentes protocolos instaurados y experiencia de los participantes en la encuesta. Resultados: Participaron 293 otorrinolaringólogos españoles de forma anónima (14% del total). Respecto a criterios diagnósticos, destaca el requerimiento de confirmar una hipoacusia neurosensorial (91,1%), de inicio en menos de tres días (75%) y afectación de tres frecuencias consecutivas (76,4%). Más de la mitad de los participantes solicitan resonancia magnética de CAI/APC (68,7%), y el 88,2% utiliza contraste con gadolinio en esta prueba. El factor pronóstico que se consideró con mayor frecuencia en la encuesta fue la demora hasta inicio del tratamiento con un 84,8%. Respecto al tratamiento empleado en casos primarios, la gran mayoría de los encuestados (99,7%) coinciden en la administración de corticoides. La vía oral es la más utilizada (66%), seguida de la administración intravenosa (29,6%), e intratimpánica (1,4%). El 92% no han tenido complicaciones mayores con el tratamiento corticoide sistémico. La vía intratimpánica es empleada en un 70% como rescate en fracasos Conclusiones: En España, existe actualmente una importante disparidad en el uso de los medios diagnósticos en la sordera súbita y un mayor acuerdo en el uso de corticoides como su tratamiento. Sería necesario implementar medidas que permitan un mejor abordaje, homogéneo y consensuado de esta patologí

El interés superior de la infancia considerada indígena

In modern constitutional systems, various international instruments have been planned and signed and a whole legal bloc has been established, which provides for specific rights for girls, boys and adolescents; which establishes the responsibility that all public and private authorities and institutions have for their well-being, categorized as a vulnerable social sector, the problem is aggravated by a new suspicious category of belonging to an ethnic group where the conditions of marginalization are accentuated , spaces that for a long time have been excluded from the legal debate, from public policies and that require an effective resizing. The present article, in its essay modality, aims to make some conceptual and legal clarifications, approach that is carried out as a dogmatic and normative study, referenced from the indigenous social legal environment in Oaxaca, Mexico.En los sistemas constitucionales modernos se han previsto y signado diversos instrumentos internacionales y creado todo un bloque jurídico en donde se prevén derechos específicos para las niñas, niños y adolescentes; en los que se establece la responsabilidad que todas las autoridades e instituciones públicas o privadas tienen sobre su bienestar, categorizada como un sector social vulnerable, el problema se agrava con una nueva categoría sospechosa de pertenencia a un grupo étnico donde se acentúan las condiciones de marginación, espacios que por mucho tiempo se ha excluido del debate jurídico, de las políticas públicas y que requiere un redimensionamiento efectivo. El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo hacer algunas aclaraciones conceptuales y jurídicas, abordaje que se realiza como estudio dogmático y normativo, referenciado desde el entorno jurídico social indígena en Oaxaca, México

Riesgos psicosociales y trastornos mentales en trabajadores petroleros mexicanos

Introducción: Los riesgos psicosociales en los trabajadores tienen influencia en la salud, rendimiento del trabajo y satisfacción laboral, sin embargo, este fenómeno en trabajadores de la industria petrolera poco se ha estudiado. El objetivo fue analizar asociación de estrés y desgaste laboral en trastornos en los trabajadores petroleros de la región sureste de México. Materiales y métodos: Diseño transversal y analítico. La muestra estuvo integrada por 501 trabajadores de la industria petrolera terrestre de la región sureste de México. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario de Desgaste Laboral, el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés y el Cuestionario de Salud General de Goldberg (GHQ 28). Se aplicaron los instrumentos entre octubre y noviembre de 2016.  Se utilizó la prueba de Chi Cuadrado para analizar la relación entre las variables, y se determinó Odds Ratio para establecer el nivel de riesgo a trastornos mentales. Resultados: Se encontraron niveles moderados de estrés (21.4l%), eficacia (41.5%) cinismo (30.6%) y agotamiento (39.7%). Se encontró presencia de trastornos mentales en 11.8% de los trabajadores. El estrés y las dimensiones del desgaste laboral se asociaron con los trastornos mentales (p<.050). Finalmente, el estrés y el desgaste laboral son factores de riesgo para sufrir trastornos mentales(OR=12.96, IC95% [7.03, 23.94] p=0.00). Conclusiones: El estrés y el desgaste laboral representan factores de riesgo para presentar trastornos mentales en los trabajadores petroleros

Immunogenic dynamics and SARS-CoV-2 variant neutralisation of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 vaccination: Secondary analysis of the randomised CombiVacS study

Background The CombiVacS study was designed to assess immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the heterologous ChAdOx1-S/BNT162b2 combination, and 14-day results showed a strong immune response. The present secondary analysis addresses the evolution of humoral and cellular response up to day 180. Methods Between April 24 and 30, 2021, 676 adults primed with ChAdOx1-S were enrolled in five hospitals in Spain, and randomised to receive BNT162b2 as second dose (interventional group [IG]) or no vaccine (control group [CG]). Individuals from CG received BNT162b2 as second dose and also on day 28, as planned based on favourable results on day 14. Humoral immunogenicity, measured by immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), antibody functionality using pseudovirus neutralisation assays for the reference (G614), Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants, as well as cellular immune response using interferon-γ and IL-2 immunoassays were assessed at day 28 after BNT162b2 in both groups, at day 90 (planned only in the interventional group) and at day 180 (laboratory data cut-off on Nov 19, 2021). This study was registered with EudraCT (2021-001978-37) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04860739). Findings In this secondary analysis, 664 individuals (441 from IG and 223 from CG) were included. At day 28 post vaccine, geometric mean titres (GMT) of RBD antibodies were 5616·91 BAU/mL (95% CI 5296·49–5956·71) in the IG and 7298·22 BAU/mL (6739·41–7903·37) in the CG (p 1:100 at day 180 (19% and 22%, respectively). Interpretation Titres of RBD antibodies decay over time, similar to homologous regimes. Our findings suggested that delaying administration of the second dose did not have a detrimental effect after vaccination and may have improved the response obtained. Lower neutralisation was observed against Omicron and Beta variants at day 180.Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). AMB, AJC, JO, and JF are members of the VACCELERATE (European Corona Vaccine Trial Accelerator Platform) Network, which aims to facilitate and accelerate the design and implementation of COVID-19 phase 2 and 3 vaccine trials. JO is a member of the INsTRuCT (Innovative Training in Myeloid Regulatory Cell Therapy) Consortium, a network of European scientists from academia and industry focused on developing innovative immunotherapies. This work is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, a Spanish public body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation that manages and promotes public clinical research related to public health. The Spanish Clinical Trials Platform is a public network funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant numbers PTC20/00018 and PT17/0017), the State Plan for Research, Development, and Innovation 2013–16, the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation 2017–20, and the Subdirectorate General for Evaluation and Promotion of Research, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, cofinanced with FEDER funds. CombiVacS was designed under the umbrella of the VACCELERATE project. VACCELERATE and INsTRuCT received funding from the EU's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement numbers 101037867 and 860003). The Instituto de Salud Carlos III is the Spanish partner in the VACCELERATE project. This work is partially funded by Institute of Health Carlos III (Instituto de Salud Carlos III – ISCIII –), (grants PI19CIII/00004 to JA and PI21CIII/00025 to MPO and JGP), and COVID-19 FUND (grants COV20/00679 and COV20/00072 to MPO and JA) and CIBERINFEC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way to make Europe”

Raíces y alas: recuerdos y ficciones

El segundo número de la colección Laboratorio Transmedia (ISSN: 2794-0861) contiene 36 relatos escritos durante el curso 2021/2022 por estudiantes de la Universidad para Mayores

Challenge B: Human sciences in transition scenarios

Coordinators: Josep Martí Pérez (IMF, CSIC), Idoia Murga Castro (IH, CSIC).This challenge is formulated in terms of “humanities in transition,” that is, their approach and articulation in the face of the changes they must undergo to achieve the social weight that, due to their intrinsic relevance, should correspond to them. Faced with these situations that would demand a reinforcement in research and dissemination in diverse aspects of the humanities, from multiple perspectives, paradoxically an adverse panorama is drawn for the development and dissemination of humanistic knowledge, which concerns different factors. Some are related to the consideration of the area of knowledge itself, its organization within the scientific system, the questioning of its own limits, and the interaction with another knowledge. Considering current transition scenarios does not mean having to abandon old objectives, but it adds to the work conducted new objects of study closely related to current reality, such as: the informational revolution; the relations with the ecosystem and the environmental crisis; globalization; the intensification of human mobility and migration flows; the growing economic and social inequality; the frictions derived from the articulation of collective identities; the decolonization of discourses; demographic dynamics; integration of technological advances; and viability and support for alternative models of society.Peer reviewe

Sistema de medición del desplazamiento del juego de válvulas de un compresor de refrigeración doméstica

Ingenierí

Use of the comet assay to evaluate the effect of temperature on DNA repair of damage induced by H₂O₂ and ultraviolet radiation A in human blood cells

Las roturas de simple cadena y sitios sensibles al álcali detectados por el ensayo cometa pueden afectarse por la temperatura. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de tres temperaturas (4, 15 y 37 °C) sobre la reparación del daño al ADN inducido por la radiación ultravioleta A (rUVA) y el H2 O2 en leucocitos humanos sanos y de un paciente con Xeroderma pigmentoso (XP). Además se evaluó la reparación en linfocitos aislados. A 4 °C no se observó reparación del daño. La incubación a 15 °C disminuyó la reparación de ambas células frente al H2 O2 , no siendo así a 37°C. Los leucocitos XP irradiados no mostraron reparación ni a 15 ni a 37 °C . Los linfocitos aislados mostraron menor capacidad de reparación que los leucocitos. Concluimos que la temperatura afecta la reparación del daño al ADN inducido por (rUVA) y H2 O2.Single strand breaking and alkali labile sites detected by comet assay could be affected by the cell temperature incubation. We exposed peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from healthy and Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients and isolated lymphocytes to H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) at 4, 15 and 37 ºC. At a 4 ºC we did not observe DNA repair of damage. Incubation at 15 ºC reduced in both cases DNA repair of H2O2, but not at 37 ºC. The irradiated XP leukocytes did not show DNA repair neither at 15 nor at 37 °C. Isolated lymphocytes showed lesser DNA repair ability than leukocytes. We conclude that temperature affects DNA repair of damage induced by H2O2 or UVA.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Use of the comet assay to evaluate the effect of temperature on DNA repair of damage induced by H₂O₂ and ultraviolet radiation A in human blood cells

Las roturas de simple cadena y sitios sensibles al álcali detectados por el ensayo cometa pueden afectarse por la temperatura. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de tres temperaturas (4, 15 y 37 °C) sobre la reparación del daño al ADN inducido por la radiación ultravioleta A (rUVA) y el H2 O2 en leucocitos humanos sanos y de un paciente con Xeroderma pigmentoso (XP). Además se evaluó la reparación en linfocitos aislados. A 4 °C no se observó reparación del daño. La incubación a 15 °C disminuyó la reparación de ambas células frente al H2 O2 , no siendo así a 37°C. Los leucocitos XP irradiados no mostraron reparación ni a 15 ni a 37 °C . Los linfocitos aislados mostraron menor capacidad de reparación que los leucocitos. Concluimos que la temperatura afecta la reparación del daño al ADN inducido por (rUVA) y H2 O2.Single strand breaking and alkali labile sites detected by comet assay could be affected by the cell temperature incubation. We exposed peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from healthy and Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patients and isolated lymphocytes to H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation A (UVA) at 4, 15 and 37 ºC. At a 4 ºC we did not observe DNA repair of damage. Incubation at 15 ºC reduced in both cases DNA repair of H2O2, but not at 37 ºC. The irradiated XP leukocytes did not show DNA repair neither at 15 nor at 37 °C. Isolated lymphocytes showed lesser DNA repair ability than leukocytes. We conclude that temperature affects DNA repair of damage induced by H2O2 or UVA.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire