Gestión del Proyecto de Residuos Sólidos para la comunidad de San Pedro Atlapulco, Ocoyoacac.

Introducción La presente investigación es continuación de tres proyectos que se han llevado a cabo dentro del Cuerpo Académico: Desarrollo, Ambiente y Procesos de Configuración Territorial con el tema de las aguas residuales domésticas, y dada la relación estrecha entre la contaminación del agua residual con la presencia de basura vertida en los ríos y en basureros a “cielo abierto”, se decidió abordar el caso de los residuos sólidos urbanos, más aún en el área de estudio se ubica en una zona de recarga acuífera. El impacto de los residuos sólidos (RS) en el medio ambiente ha dificultado el desarrollo en algunas comunidades, pues el crecimiento en su volumen y por la forma en que se manejan ha ocasionado altos costos económicos y ambientales. A nivel nacional, el volumen de los RS va creciendo de manera significativa; de 2003 y 2011 se incrementó en 25% (Semarnat 2012:320). Además, el porcentaje de reúso y reciclaje todavía es mínimo con relación a los residuos a “cielo abierto”. En este sentido, se han establecido algunos programas y planes, así como un fundamento legal para un manejo sustentable, en donde al municipio se le ha designado como el responsable de formular y ejecutar el programa para el manejo integral de los residuos. En este sentido, se eligió un caso de estudio a una localidad del Estado de México, que tras haber realizado un diagnóstico, se identificó los impactos posibles a su territorio. De ahí que el objetivo, es exponer la propuesta de un proyecto de residuos sólidos que impacte en el desarrollo de la comunidad, a partir de la descripción de cada una de las fases del proyecto, con base a la metodología de proyectos de inversión y el fundamento teórico del Desarrollo Local Sostenible. La elaboración del proyecto se llevó a cabo de manera conjunta con la participación de los agentes locales

Putrescine Biosynthesis Inhibition in Tomato by DFMA and DFMO Treatment

This protocol can be used to inhibit the biosynthesis of polyamines, specifically putrescine, in tomato plants grown with NH4 + as a solely N source. In general, polyamines are positively charged small metabolites implicated in physiological processes, including organogenesis, embryogenesis, floral initiation and development, leaf senescence, pollen tube growth, fruit development and ripening and participate in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses (Tiburcio et al., 2014). Polyamines are synthesized from amino acids by decarboxylation of ornithine or arginine by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) or arginine decarboxylase (ADC), respectively (Walters, 2003). Tomato plants grown with NH4 + as the sole N source presented an increase of putrescine content in leaves (Fernández-Crespo et al., 2015). To assess the importance of putrescine accumulation, DL-α-(Difluoromethyl)arginine (DFMA) and DL-α-(Difluoromethyl)ornithine (DFMO), inhibitors of putrescine synthesis, were used as irreversible inhibitors of ADC and ODC enzymes, respectively (Fallon and Phillips, 1988), with the purpose of reducing cellular putrescine accumulation induced by NH4 + nutrition. The inhibitor solution containing 2 mM DFMA and 5 mM DFMO was applied directly to each pot during the week prior to sample collection. Putrescine content was reduced by 35.3% in tomato plants grown with NH4 +.The work was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2013- 49023-C-2-R

¿Se ajusta el Programa Brújula20 a las necesidades educativas del siglo XXI?

This document is based on an investigation about the “Programa Brújula20”. This program includes the principles of the Curriculum of the Government of the Canary Islands to develop a series of didactic programs, with their related Learning Situations, materials, techniques and skills to carry out the lessons in the classroom. Although these programs are made to the entire compulsory stage of education in the Canary Islands, the work here is limited to the study of Primary Education. It is intended, therefore, to know the case in depth, extract all the relevant information and reflect on its operation in the daily classrooms of the school of the 21st century.El presente documento se basa en una investigación sobre el Programa Brújula20. Dicho Programa, acoge los principios del Currículo del Gobierno de Canarias para desarrollar una serie de Programaciones didácticas, con sus correspondientes Situaciones de Aprendizaje, materiales, técnicas y habilidades para poderlas llevar a cabo en el aula. Aunque estas Programaciones se confeccionan para toda la etapa obligatoria de la educación en Canarias, el trabajo aquí expuesto, se delimita únicamente al estudio de la Educación Primaria. Se pretende, por tanto, conocer en profundidad el caso, mediante una investigación de carácter interpretativo, extrayendo toda la información pertinente a una serie de docentes y coordinadores del Programa para, posteriormente, reflexionar acerca de su funcionamiento en las aulas de la escuela del siglo XXI

Evaluación de la ingesta alimentaria, nivel de actividad Física y estado nutricional de los adolescentes del Complejo educativo general francisco Menéndez del Departamento de Cuscatlán, durante julio del año 2022

El estado nutricional es una condición fundamental que determina la salud y están estrechamente relacionados con la ingesta alimentaria, así como la actividad física. Estudios realizados por organismos internacionales (OMS) y nacionales (MINSAL) han evidenciado que la población salvadoreña se ha caracterizado por altos índices de sobrepeso y obesidad además un predominio por un estilo de vida sedentario en la población adulta. Es por eso que es importante conocer se desarrollan actualmente estas variables en la adolescencia ya que es en esa etapa en donde se adquieren y se afianzan comportamientos alimentarios que perduraran en la vida adulta

Response of tomato-pseudomonas pathosystem to mild heat stress

Higher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 ◦C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 ◦C above the optimum growth temperature (26 ◦C) of tomato plants in the tomato—Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato pathosystem. A temperature increase above 26 ◦C affects plant development, the defensive pathways activated against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000), and the bacterial growth and virulence machinery. The results demonstrated that tomato plants were able to acclimate to mild heat stress, showing no symptoms of damage. Moreover, plants subjected to a 5 ◦C increase (T31 ◦C plants) showed higher basal levels of metabolites such as proline and putrescine, which probably act as compatible osmolytes. This demonstrates their importance as key components of thermotolerance. When grown under mild heat stress, plants were less susceptible to PstDC3000 and showed increased accumulation of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and spermine. In addition, the temperature increase negatively affected the infectivity of PstDC3000. Inhibition of the genes responsible for quorum sensing establishment and synthesis of flagellin and coronatine was observed in bacteria extracted from T31 ◦C plants. Analysis of the genes involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system indicates the important role of this system in bacterial growth under these conditions. As the known resistance mechanisms involved in the defense against PstDC3000 were not activated, the changes in its virulence mechanisms under high temperatures may explain the lower infection observed in the T31 ◦C plants

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Santander

Con el presente documento se da cumplimiento al paso final del Diplomado de Profundización Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia, plasmando resultados reflexivos desde el análisis de los contextos de violencia en Colombia propiciados principalmente por el conflicto armado interno del país y los cuales han dejado consecuencias negativas a nivel económico, social, político y cultural, así como la violación a los derechos humanos, inseguridad, pobreza, narcotráfico, desempleo, todo reflejado principalmente por la actual crisis humanitaria, la cual quedo fuertemente marcada por el que el hostigamiento, los abusos sexuales, el desplazamiento, el secuestro, el hurto y muerte de la población civil. En este documento la imagen y la narrativa son estrategias fundamentales de abordaje y superación de los daños causados en el ejercicio de acción psicosocial en los escenarios de violencia, es por ello, que en desarrollo de este trabajo, se logra hacer un examen de diferentes casos, aplicando ambas metodologías de intervención, la imagen o foto intervención, desde un ejercicio práctico de reflexión y análisis de subjetividades, significados y proceso de superación y por otra parte, la narrativa, como técnica de transformación de la historia de vida, de victima a sobreviviente. Para el abordaje de este trabajo, fue necesario un procesamiento de información de forma individual y grupal, en el que se construyeron los aportes basados en las diferentes experiencias como procesos de resiliencia, de resignificación, de orientación a la construcción de nuevas memorias históricas de vida y sugerencia de estrategias psicosociales para atender y contribuir a la transformación de la población víctima.The following document represents the final step of the Diploma of Deepening and Psychosocial Monitoring of Scenarios of Violence, showing reflexive results from the analysis of contexts of violence in Colombia mainly due to internal armed conflict in the country which has had negative consequences at an economic, social, political and cultural level, also violation of human rights, public insecurity, poverty, drug trafficking, unemployment. Those consequences are shown by the current humanitarian crisis which was strongly marked by bullying, sexual abuse, force displacement, kidnapping, theft and murders of the citizens. In this document the image and narrative are fundamental strategies of covering and overcoming the damage caused in the exercise of psychosocial actions in the scenarios of violence, that is the reason why in the development of this work it was required to test different cases applying both of the methodologies of intervention: showing pictures or photos from the practice exercise of reflection and analysis of subjectivities , meanings and overcoming process. It is also found the narrative as a transformation technique of the life story of a victim or survivor. In order to accomplish with this work, it was necessary the processing of the information in an individual way as well as in group where there were constructed the guidelines based on different experiences along with processes of resilience, significance, orientation to the construction of new historic memories of life and suggestions of psychosocial strategies to assist and contribute to the transformation of the victims

Dietary sources and intakes of folates and vitamin B12 in the Spanish population: Findings from the ANIBES study

Background: Folates and vitamin B12 are key nutrients in one-carbon metabolism and related diseases. Updated and plausible information on population intakes and their major dietary sources is scarce and urgently needed in Spain in order to increase the knowledge that can lead as previous step to prevention by fortification and supplementation policies. Aims: The present study aims to evaluate main dietary folate and vitamin B12 sources and intakes in the Spanish population. Materials and methods: Results were derived from the ANIBES cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2,009). Results: Food groups with the highest mean proportional contribution to total folate intakes in both males and females were vegetables (21.7–24.9%) and cereals (10.7–11.2%), while meat and meat products (26.4%) and milk and dairy products (27.3%) were for B12. Total median folate and B12 intakes amongst women were 156.3 μg/d and 4.0 μg/d while for men were 163.6 μg/d and 4.5 μg/d, respectively. In all age groups, vitamin intakes were significantly higher in plausible than in non-plausible energy reporters. Conclusion: A limited number of participants had adequate folate intakes, whereas vitamin B12 intakes were adequate for practically the entire population. There is a clear need for improving folates intake in the Spanish population.The study was financially supported by a grant from Coca-Cola Iberia through an agreement with the Spanish Nutrition Foundation (Fundación Española de la Nutrición (FEN))

The ANIBES Study on Energy Balance in Spain: Design, Protocol and Methodology

Energy Balance (EB) is an important topic to understand how an imbalance in its main determinants (energy intake and consumption) may lead to inappropriate weight gain, considered to be “dynamic” and not “static”. There are no studies to evaluate EB in Spain, and new technologies reveal themselves as key tools to solve common problems to precisely quantify energy consumption and expenditure at population level. The overall purpose of the ANIBES (“Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance”) Study was to carry out an accurate updating of food and beverage intake, dietary habits/behaviour and anthropometric data of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009), as well as the energy expenditure and physical activity patterns. Anthropometry measurements (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, % body fat, % body water) were obtained; diet was evaluated throughout a three-day dietary record (tablet device) accompanied by a 24 h-dietary recall; physical activity was quantified by questionnaire and accelerometers were also employed. Finally, information about perception and understanding of several issues related to EB was also obtained. The ANIBES study will contribute to provide valuable useful data to inform food policy planning, food based dietary guidelines development and other health oriented actions in Spain

Comparative Study of Infliximab Versus Adalimumab in Refractory Uveitis Due to Behçet's Disease: National Multicenter Study of 177 Cases

Objective: To compare the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) versus adalimumab (ADA) as a first-line biologic drug over 1 year of treatment in a large series of patients with refractory uveitis due to Behçet's disease (BD). Methods: We conducted an open-label multicenter study of IFX versus ADA for BD-related uveitis refractory to conventional nonbiologic treatment. IFX or ADA was chosen as the first-line biologic agent based on physician and patient agreement. Patients received 3-5 mg/kg intravenous IFX at 0, 2, and 6 weeks and every 4-8 weeks thereafter, or 40 mg subcutaneous ADA every other week without a loading dose. Ocular parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The study included 177 patients (316 affected eyes), of whom 103 received IFX and 74 received ADA. There were no significant baseline differences between treatment groups in main demographic features, previous therapy, or ocular sign severity. After 1 year of therapy, we observed an improvement in all ocular parameters in both groups. However, patients receiving ADA had significantly better outcomes in some parameters, including improvement in anterior chamber inflammation (92.31% versus 78.18% for IFX; P = 0.06), improvement in vitritis (93.33% versus 78.95% for IFX; P = 0.04), and best-corrected visual acuity (mean ± SD 0.81 ± 0.26 versus 0.67 ± 0.34 for IFX; P = 0.001). A nonsignificant difference was seen for macular thickness (mean ± SD 250.62 ± 36.85 for ADA versus 264.89 ± 59.74 for IFX; P = 0.15), and improvement in retinal vasculitis was similar between the 2 groups (95% for ADA versus 97% for IFX; P = 0.28). The drug retention rate was higher in the ADA group (95.24% versus 84.95% for IFX; P = 0.042). Conclusion: Although both IFX and ADA are efficacious in refractory BD-related uveitis, ADA appears to be associated with better outcomes than IFX after 1 year of follow-up

The Influence of Place of Residence, Gender and Age Influence on Food Group Choices in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Socioeconomic factors (SEF) can exert a great impact on food choices. However, limited data are available from the Spanish population. Our aim was to describe the influence of place of residence and habitat size on food group intakes. Data were obtained from the ANIBES study. A 3-day dietary record provided information on food and beverage consumption. Data analysis compared gender, age, Nielsen geographic areas, and habitat population size (urban, semi-urban, and rural). Place of residence did not appear to be a determinant for specific food group consumption during childhood and adolescence, as only higher intakes of non-alcoholic beverages were observed among children aged 9 to 12 years living in the East, when compared to those from the Northwest of Spain (p < 0.05). Food choices within adults (18 to 64 years) and seniors (65 to 75 years) were conditioned: sugar and sweets intake was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for adult men living in the Northwest than those from the South, and senior males from North Central areas had significantly higher consumption of eggs (p < 0.05) compared to the Northeast. Basic food group consumption was only affected during childhood and aging. Adults who inhabited rural areas consumed greater quantities of fats and oils than those from higher population densities (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that place of residence and habitat size have a limited influence on food choices, regardless of age and gender in the ANIBES study population. It is fundamental to acknowledge that other SEF variables are important and further studies are needed to monitor and assess these influences are warranted