8,815 research outputs found
Replicability or reproducibility? On the replication crisis in computational neuroscience and sharing only relevant detail
Replicability and reproducibility of computational models has been somewhat understudied by “the replication movement.” In this paper, we draw on methodological studies into the replicability of psychological experiments and on the mechanistic account of explanation to analyze the functions of model replications and model reproductions in computational neuroscience. We contend that model replicability, or independent researchers' ability to obtain the same output using original code and data, and model reproducibility, or independent researchers' ability to recreate a model without original code, serve different functions and fail for different reasons. This means that measures designed to improve model replicability may not enhance (and, in some cases, may actually damage) model reproducibility. We claim that although both are undesirable, low model reproducibility poses more of a threat to long-term scientific progress than low model replicability. In our opinion, low model reproducibility stems mostly from authors' omitting to provide crucial information in scientific papers and we stress that sharing all computer code and data is not a solution. Reports of computational studies should remain selective and include all and only relevant bits of code
Watered Down Essences and Elusive Speech Communities: Two Objection Against Putnam's Twin Earth Argument
The paper presents two objections against Putnam’s Twin Earth
argument, which was intended to secure semantic externalism. I first
claim that Putnam’s reasoning rests on two assumptions and then try to
show why these assumptions are contentious. The first objection is that,
given what we know about science, it is unlikely that there are any
natural-kind terms whose extension is codetermined by a small set of
microstructures required by Putnam’s indexical account of extension
determination. The second objection is that there may not be a plausible
concept of a speech community whose adoption would classify Oscar and
Twin Oscar as members of different speech communities and, at the
same time, render Oscar and Twin Oscar as being in the same
psychological state. I contend that Putnam’s argument fails because both
objections are justified.Publikacja została sfinansowana ze środków Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego w ramach programu Narodowego Programu Rozwoju Humanistyki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji 0014/NPRH4/H3b/83/2016 - projekt „Przygotowanie i publikacja dwóch anglojęzycznych numerów monograficznych Internetowego Magazynu Filozoficznego HYBRIS” (3bH 15 0014 83)
Double Trouble? The Communication Dimension of the Reproducibility Crisis in Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience
Most discussions of the reproducibility crisis focus on its epistemic aspect: the fact that the scientific community
fails to follow some norms of scientific investigation, which leads to high rates of irreproducibility via a high rate of false positive findings. The purpose of this paper is to argue that there is a heretofore underappreciated and
understudied dimension to the reproducibility crisis in experimental psychology and neuroscience that may prove
to be at least as important as the epistemic dimension. This is the communication dimension. The link between communication and reproducibility is immediate: independent investigators would not be able to recreate an experiment whose design or implementation were inadequately described. I exploit evidence of a replicability and reproducibility crisis in computational science, as well as research into quality of reporting to support the claim that a widespread failure to adhere to reporting standards, especially the norm of descriptive completeness, is an important contributing factor in the current reproducibility crisis in experimental psychology and neuroscience
Superpower Interests and Naval Missionsin the Indian Ocean
Over a decade and a half ago, two events of considerable significance occurred in the history of the Indian Ocean basin. First, in January 1968, the British government announced its decision to withdraw its military forces from the region cast of Suez. Shortly after this announcement, Soviet naval vessels appeared in the waters of the Indian Ocean. Most scholars and policymakers from both the littoral and interested Western states agreed that these two developments would have an impact on the regional power balance
Fibrillar Elastomeric Micropatterns Create Tunable Adhesion Even to Rough Surfaces
Acknowledgements V.B., N.K.G., and E.A. contributed with conception and experimental design. V.B. performed the experiments. V.B., R.H., A.G., and R.M.M. carried out analysis and interpretation of data. V.B., R.H., A.G., and E.A. wrote the manuscript. V.B. and R.H. contributed equally to this work. V.B. acknowledges funding by SPP 1420 of the German Science Foundation DFG. E.A., N.K.G., and R.H. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union/ERC Advanced Grant “Switch2Stick,” Agreement No. 340929.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Studies in Adhesive Tape Irritation11From the Allergy Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, and the Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.
The Bisj Pole Conservation Project at the Tropenmuseum: Pesticide mitigation during conservation treatment
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Adhesion of a rigid punch to a confined elastic layer revisited
The adhesion of a punch to a linear elastic, confined layer is investigated. Numerical analysis is performed to determine the equivalent elastic modulus in terms of layer confinement. The size of the layer relative to the punch radius and its Poisson’s ratio are found to affect the layer stiffness.
The results reveal that the equivalent modulus of a highly confined layer depends on its Poisson’s ratio, whereas, in contrast, an unconfined layer is only sensitive to the extent of the elastic film. The solutions of the equivalent modulus obtained from the simulations are fitted by an analytical function that, subsequently, is utilized to deduce the energy release rate for detachment of the punch via linear elastic fracture mechanics. The energy release rate strongly varies with layer confinement. Regimes for stable and unstable crack growth can be identified that, in turn, are correlated to interfacial stress distributions to distinguish between different detachment mechanisms
The Bisj Pole Conservation Project at the Tropenmuseum: Pesticide mitigation during conservation treatment
Replicability or reproducibility? : on the replication crisis in computational neuroscience and sharing only relevant detail
Replicability and reproducibility of computational models has been somewhat understudied by “the replication movement.” In this paper, we draw on methodological studies into the replicability of psychological experiments and on the mechanistic account of explanation to analyze the functions of model replications and model reproductions in computational neuroscience. We contend that model replicability, or independent researchers' ability to obtain the same output using original code and data, and model reproducibility, or independent researchers' ability to recreate a model without original code, serve different functions and fail for different reasons. This means that measures designed to improve model replicability may not enhance (and, in some cases, may actually damage) model reproducibility. We claim that although both are undesirable, low model reproducibility poses more of a threat to long-term scientific progress than low model replicability. In our opinion, low model reproducibility stems mostly from authors' omitting to provide crucial information in scientific papers and we stress that sharing all computer code and data is not a solution. Reports of computational studies should remain selective and include all and only relevant bits of code
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