Persistent hypercoagulability in dogs envenomated by the European adder (Vipera berus berus)

Background Envenomation by the European adder, Vipera berus berus (Vbb), is a medical emergency. The overall in vivo haemostatic effects of pro- and anticoagulant components in Vbb venom, and the downstream effects of cellular injury and systemic inflammation, are unclear. Objectives To longitudinally describe the global coagulation status of dogs after Vbb envenomation and compare to healthy controls. A secondary aim was to investigate differences between dogs treated with and without antivenom. Methods Citrated plasma was collected at presentation, 12 hours (h), 24 h, 36 h and 15 days after bite from 28 dogs envenomated by Vbb, and from 28 healthy controls at a single timepoint. Thrombin generation (initiated with and without exogenous phospholipids and tissue factor), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT)-complexes and the procoagulant activity of phosphatidylserine (PS)-expressing extracellular vesicles (EVs), expressed as PS-equivalents, were measured. Results At presentation the envenomated dogs were hypercoagulable compared to controls, measured as increased thrombin generation, TAT-complexes and PS-equivalents. The hypercoagulability decreased gradually but compared to controls thrombin generation and PS-equivalents were still increased at day 15. The discrepancy in peak thrombin between envenomated dogs and controls was greater when the measurement was phospholipid-dependent, indicating that PS-positive EVs contribute to hypercoagulability. Lag time was shorter in non-antivenom treated dogs, compared to antivenom treated dogs <24 h after envenomation. Conclusions Hypercoagulability was measured in dogs up to 15 days after Vbb envenomation. Dogs treated with antivenom may be less hypercoagulable than their non-antivenom treated counterparts. Thrombin generation is a promising diagnostic and monitoring tool for Vbb envenomation.publishedVersio

Thromboembolic events after high-intensity training duringcisplatin-based chemotherapy for testicular cancer: Casereports and review of the literature

The randomized “Testicular cancer and Aerobic and Strength Training trial” (TAST‐trial) aimed to evaluate the effect of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness during cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (CBCT) for testicular cancer (TC). Here, we report on an unexpected high number of thromboembolic (TE) events among patients randomized to the intervention arm, and on a review of the literature on TE events in TC patients undergoing CBCT. Patients aged 18 to 60 years with a diagnosis of metastatic germ cell TC, planned for 3 to 4 CBCT cycles, were randomized to a 9 to 12 weeks exercise intervention, or to a single lifestyle counseling session. The exercise intervention included two weekly HIIT sessions, each with 2 to 4 intervals of 2 to 4 minutes at 85% to 95% of peak heart rate. The study was prematurely discontinued after inclusion of 19 of the planned 94 patients, with nine patients randomized to the intervention arm and 10 to the control arm. Three patients in the intervention arm developed TE complications; two with pulmonary embolism and one with myocardial infarction. All three patients had clinical stage IIA TC. No TE complications were observed among patients in the control arm. Our observations indicate that high‐intensity aerobic training during CBCT might increase the risk of TE events in TC patients, leading to premature closure of the TAST‐trial

A corpus-based analysis of phrasal verbs with the particle out in two contemporary English novels used in Swedish secondary schools

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the figurative meaning senses of out-PVs in two contemporary novels read in Swedish secondary schools. The study was delimited to PVs with the particle out. The aim was further to find out how potential misunderstandings or misinterpretations of figurative meaning sense of PVs by L2 learners of English can be prevented. Furthermore, an aim was to raise awareness of different figurative meaning senses that could make the reading and understanding richer for English L2 learners. There were raised three research questions concerning the frequency of out-PVs and the interpretation of the figurative meaning sense of some selected out-PVs that resulted in three investigative steps concerned with each of the research questions. The hypothesis was that out-PVs can have different figurative meaning senses at the same time in the closer or nearer context in the novels investigated in this study. Therefore, it was seen as important for English L2 learners to learn how to interpret the figurative meaning senses. Furthermore, it was seen important to consider which PVs are the most frequent ones and how the frequency might be a relevant factor for teaching implications. A corpus-based analysis was used to investigate the selected out-PVs. Four different studies, discussed in section 2, were used as models and approaches to investigate the out-PVs in three different ways: the most frequent out-PVs in Gardner and Davies (2018) and Garnier and Schmitt (2016), the figurative meaning senses for some out-PVs listed in Garnier and Schmitt (2016) and Kang (2020) and the six meanings for the particle out in out-PVs in the cognitive approach in Liao (2020). The three approaches were investigated in three steps and were later compared. Furthermore, the study concentrated on the main part, step 2, to analyze the figurative meaning senses of some selected out-PVs. The idea of a metaphor for out-PVs, the movement out of a ‘container’, named by Liao (2020) and Walková (2015), was found to be helpful for many cases with out-PVs, but not for all. In some cases, this metaphor could even cause confusion. Similar to this it was found that analyzing the out-particle’s meaning of an out-PV separately also could lead to a misunderstanding for the L2 learner. Some meanings of the particle out were not found for the six meanings listed by Liao (2020). The present study was limited. Therefore, it would be necessary to make a larger study in order to determine if this approach might be effective or not. The raised awareness that PVs need extra attention and that some PVs are more likely to be used in certain texts can help L2 learners in understanding and producing PVs in different texts and text types. It can also make their understanding of a text richer by finding the right figurative meaning sense of a PV in a certain context.Godkänt datum 22-03-09</p

Barns rätt till andlighet - En produkt med metoder som främjar andlig fostran

Detta examensarbete görs inom Yrkeshögskolan Novias projekt Andlighet, Spiritualitet och Livsfrågor. Avsikten med projektet är att utveckla praktiska metoder som professionella inom social- och hälsovården samt församlingsarbete kan använda för att bemöta klientens andliga/spirituella behov och livsfrågor i olika kontext. Syftet med examensarbetet är att utveckla en produkt för andlig fostran på daghem som främjar barns andliga utveckling. Målet med examensarbetet är att bidra till projektet med en produkt som fokuserar på barnets andliga behov och som skall fungera som ett redskap för professionella inom dagvården. Genom en systematisk litteraturstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys (n=9) identifierar arbetsgruppen faktorer som främjar barns andliga utveckling. Arbetsgruppen har valt ut befintliga metoder och utarbetat metoder som innehåller de faktorer som främjar barns andliga utveckling. Arbetsgruppen definierar andlighet utifrån ett icke-religiöst perspektiv. Utifrån telefonintervjuer (n=13) med professionella inom dagvården i Finland kommer arbetsgruppen fram till att det finns ett behov av en produkt för att arbeta med barns andlighet. Resultatet blir en produkt i form av en andlig påse innehållande en manual med metoder och tillhörande material som främjar barns andliga utveckling. Produkten är anpassad för alla åldersgrupper på daghem och i det mångkulturella samhället. Produkten kan användas av andra professionella som arbetar med barn i syftet att minska stress och öka lugn. _________________________________________________________________________________________________This thesis is made within Yrkeshögskolan Novias project Andlighet, Spiritualitet och Livsfrågor. The purpose of the project is to develop practical methods that professionals within social- and health care and assembly work can use to respond to the client's spiritual needs and existential questions in different contexts. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a product for spiritual education in kindergartens that promotes children's spiritual development. The goal of the thesis is to contribute with a product to the project, a product that focuses on children's spiritual needs and which shall serve as a tool for professionals in day care. Through a systematic literature review with a qualitative content analysis (n=9), the writers identified the factors that promote children's spiritual development. The writers have selected existing methods and developed new methods that contain factors promoting children's spiritual development. The writers have also defined spirituality from a non-religious perspective. Based on telephone interviews (n=13) with professionals within daycare in Finland, the writers concluded that there is a need for a tool to work with children's spirituality. The result will be a product in the form of a spiritual bag containing a manual of methods that promote children's spiritual development and related materials. The product is suitable for all children in day care and for a multicultural society. It can also be used by other professionals working with children with the purpose to reduce stress and increase stillness.Tämä opinnäytetyö on osa hanketta ”Andlighet, Spiritualitet och Livsfrågor”. Hankkeen tavoitteena on kehittää menetelmiä, joita sosiaali- ja terveydenhuollon ammattilaiset, sekä seurakunnan työntekijät voivat hyödyntää, kun he työssään kohtaavat asiakkaita,joilla on erilaisia henkisiä, engellisiä sekä eri elämäntilanteisiin liittyviä tarpeita. Hankkeen tarkoituksena on kehittää päiväkotien käyttöön henkisen kasvatuksen suunnitelma, jonka avulla voidaan edistää lasten henkistä kehitystä. Tämän opinnäytetyön lopputuloksena on tarkoitus aikaansaada menetelmiä, joita päivähoidon ammattilaiset voivat käyttää päivittäisessä työssään ja jotka keskittyvät lasten henkisen kehityksen tarpeisiin. Systemaattisen ja laadullisen sisältöanalyysin (n=9) mukaisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen jälkeen työryhmä tunnisti tekijöitä, jotka edistävät lapsen henkistä kehitystä. Tältä pohjalta työryhmä valitsi olemassa olevista menetelmistä ne menetelmät, jotka tukevat tätä kehitystä ja muokkasivat niitä. Työryhmä on määritellyt hengellisyyden iuskonnollisesta näkökulmasta. Suomessa toimivien päivähoidon ammattilaisten keskuudessa toteutetuissa puhelinhaastatteluissa (n=13) nousi esille tarve saada menetelmiä, joiden avulla voidaan edistää lasten henkistä kasvua. Suunnittelutyön tuloksena syntyi Henkisyys – laukku, ohjeet menetelmille ja muuta materiaalia. Tuote sopii kaikille päiväkotien ikäryhmille ja monikulttuuriseen yhteiskuntaan. Tuote sopii myös muille ammattilaisille, jotka työskentelevät lasten kanssa tavoitteena vähentää stressiä ja lisätä rauhaa

A corpus-based analysis of phrasal verbs with the particle out in two contemporary English novels used in Swedish secondary schools

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the figurative meaning senses of out-PVs in two contemporary novels read in Swedish secondary schools. The study was delimited to PVs with the particle out. The aim was further to find out how potential misunderstandings or misinterpretations of figurative meaning sense of PVs by L2 learners of English can be prevented. Furthermore, an aim was to raise awareness of different figurative meaning senses that could make the reading and understanding richer for English L2 learners. There were raised three research questions concerning the frequency of out-PVs and the interpretation of the figurative meaning sense of some selected out-PVs that resulted in three investigative steps concerned with each of the research questions. The hypothesis was that out-PVs can have different figurative meaning senses at the same time in the closer or nearer context in the novels investigated in this study. Therefore, it was seen as important for English L2 learners to learn how to interpret the figurative meaning senses. Furthermore, it was seen important to consider which PVs are the most frequent ones and how the frequency might be a relevant factor for teaching implications. A corpus-based analysis was used to investigate the selected out-PVs. Four different studies, discussed in section 2, were used as models and approaches to investigate the out-PVs in three different ways: the most frequent out-PVs in Gardner and Davies (2018) and Garnier and Schmitt (2016), the figurative meaning senses for some out-PVs listed in Garnier and Schmitt (2016) and Kang (2020) and the six meanings for the particle out in out-PVs in the cognitive approach in Liao (2020). The three approaches were investigated in three steps and were later compared. Furthermore, the study concentrated on the main part, step 2, to analyze the figurative meaning senses of some selected out-PVs. The idea of a metaphor for out-PVs, the movement out of a ‘container’, named by Liao (2020) and Walková (2015), was found to be helpful for many cases with out-PVs, but not for all. In some cases, this metaphor could even cause confusion. Similar to this it was found that analyzing the out-particle’s meaning of an out-PV separately also could lead to a misunderstanding for the L2 learner. Some meanings of the particle out were not found for the six meanings listed by Liao (2020). The present study was limited. Therefore, it would be necessary to make a larger study in order to determine if this approach might be effective or not. The raised awareness that PVs need extra attention and that some PVs are more likely to be used in certain texts can help L2 learners in understanding and producing PVs in different texts and text types. It can also make their understanding of a text richer by finding the right figurative meaning sense of a PV in a certain context.Godkänt datum 22-03-09</p

Konfliktäre Sprechhandlungen : Eine Untersuchung der Sprechakte "Vorwurf", "Drohung" und "konfliktäre Warnung"

This thesis investigates the three so called “conflictory speech acts” (“konfliktäre Sprechakte”) “reproach”, “threat” and “conflictory warning”. They all have in common that the speaker signals that he/she is prepared for a verbal conflict. The aim of the study is to describe the three speech acts, to unite them into a group of coflictory speech acts, and to find out what their similarities and differences are. To reach this aim, we must first investigate each speech act separately as an elementary speech act, then define it and discover what indicators can be used to identify it. One main hypothesis is that reproach, threat and conflictory warning are not classifiable as basic speech acts since they operate on a “secondary speech act level”. It is discussed further what is implied by a “conflict” and how conflictory speech acts, as described in the literature relate to the conflictory speech acts investigated and defined in this study. It is also important to analyze the coflictory speech acts in the discourse in which they occur. The material investigated in this study consists of two parliamentary debates in the German ”Bundestag” where these types of speech acts often occur. On the basis of politeness theories it is investigated how reproach, threat and conflictory warning can be “face-threatening” to the hearer, how the hearer is provoked by them and which alternatives he/she has to react. It is investigated further which types and patterns of conflictory speech act sequences can be identified in the two parliamentary debates. The investigation of the three conflictory speech acts in the parliamentary debate as an argumentative discourse is linked to another aim of this study: to find out how the three conflictory speech acts “reproach”, “threat” and “conflictory warning” relate to the concepts “argumentation” and “fallacy”. The different theories defining these concepts, such as speech act theory and argumentation theories, are discussed, since reproach, threat and conflictory warning are described as elementary speech acts, and argumentation and fallacy are more complex than elementary speech acts

Skolan och mediesamhället - en undersökning av elevtexter och elevers mediekonsumtion i en årskurs 4

Uppsatsen undersöker hur elevernas medievanor på fritiden avspeglas i deras skrivna texter i skolan. Studien är gjord i en årskurs 4 i en sydsvensk stad. Vid ett lektionstillfälle fick eleverna i uppgift att skriva en egen text utifrån rubriken ”Min önskedag”. Texterna har därefter analyserats med hjälp av textanalytiska metoder, med fokus på tema, attityd och värderingar. Textanalysen har fördjupats med hjälp av enkäter och intervjuer. Våra resultat visade att elevtexterna till övervägande delen var starkt influerade, till såväl innehåll som form, av de TV-program, filmer och datorspel eleverna konsumerade på fritiden. Utifrån resultaten diskuteras behoven hos såväl skola som enskilda lärare att upprätta strategier för att hantera utvecklingen av elevernas textorienterade aktiviteter på fritiden i form av mediekonsumtion och dator- och TV-spelande

Vaccinationstillfället för barn : Utveckling av en produkt som stödjer barn under skolåldern med vaccinationsrädsla

Examensarbetets syfte är att göra vaccinationstillfället tryggt för barn under skolåldern. Arbetet har avgränsats till barn som upplever rädsla i samband med vaccinationstillfället. Frågeställningarna för arbetet är följande: Hur kan professionella inom social- och hälsovården samt vårdnadshavare stödja barn inför, under samt efter vaccination? Vilka metoder kan användas för att öka barns delaktighet under vaccination? Målet med projektet har varit att framställa en produkt som hjälper vårdnadshavare samt professionella inom social- och hälsovården att stödja barnet inför, under samt efter vaccination. Produkten som skapats är en bok/ ett häfte, som genom realistiska bilder och text skildrar för barn vad som sker vid ett vaccinationstillfälle. Boken inleds med en sida ägnad åt vårdnadshavaren. Tanken med produkten är att den skall användas som ett slags hjälpmedel för förberedande av barn inför vaccinationstillfällen och bearbetandet efter dem. Arbetet är ett funktionellt examensarbete. Resultatet av arbetet visar att trygghet är grunden till att stödja barnet genom alla delar av ett vaccinationstillfälle. Tryggheten skapas genom en god anknytning och ett gott samspel mellan barnet, vårdnadshavaren och professionella inom social- och hälsovården

Vaccinationstillfället för barn : Utveckling av en produkt som stödjer barn under skolåldern med vaccinationsrädsla

Examensarbetets syfte är att göra vaccinationstillfället tryggt för barn under skolåldern. Arbetet har avgränsats till barn som upplever rädsla i samband med vaccinationstillfället. Frågeställningarna för arbetet är följande: Hur kan professionella inom social- och hälsovården samt vårdnadshavare stödja barn inför, under samt efter vaccination? Vilka metoder kan användas för att öka barns delaktighet under vaccination? Målet med projektet har varit att framställa en produkt som hjälper vårdnadshavare samt professionella inom social- och hälsovården att stödja barnet inför, under samt efter vaccination. Produkten som skapats är en bok/ ett häfte, som genom realistiska bilder och text skildrar för barn vad som sker vid ett vaccinationstillfälle. Boken inleds med en sida ägnad åt vårdnadshavaren. Tanken med produkten är att den skall användas som ett slags hjälpmedel för förberedande av barn inför vaccinationstillfällen och bearbetandet efter dem. Arbetet är ett funktionellt examensarbete. Resultatet av arbetet visar att trygghet är grunden till att stödja barnet genom alla delar av ett vaccinationstillfälle. Tryggheten skapas genom en god anknytning och ett gott samspel mellan barnet, vårdnadshavaren och professionella inom social- och hälsovården