Crossover from Percolation to Self-Organized Criticality

We include immunity against fire as a new parameter into the self-organized critical forest-fire model. When the immunity assumes a critical value, clusters of burnt trees are identical to percolation clusters of random bond percolation. As long as the immunity is below its critical value, the asymptotic critical exponents are those of the original self-organized critical model, i.e. the system performs a crossover from percolation to self-organized criticality. We present a scaling theory and computer simulation results.Comment: 4 pages Revtex, two figures included, to be published in PR

Scaling laws and simulation results for the self--organized critical forest--fire model

We discuss the properties of a self--organized critical forest--fire model which has been introduced recently. We derive scaling laws and define critical exponents. The values of these critical exponents are determined by computer simulations in 1 to 8 dimensions. The simulations suggest a critical dimension $d_c=6$ above which the critical exponents assume their mean--field values. Changing the lattice symmetry and allowing trees to be immune against fire, we show that the critical exponents are universal.Comment: 12 pages, postscript uuencoded, figures included, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Dynamics of the Light-Cone Zero Modes: Theta Vacuum of the Massive Schwinger Model

The massive Schwinger model is quantized on the light cone with great care on the bosonic zero modes by putting the system in a finite (light-cone) spatial box. The zero mode of $A_{-}$ survives Dirac's procedure for the constrained system as a dynamical degree of freedom. After regularization and quantization, we show that the physical space condition is consistently imposed and relates the fermion Fock states to the zero mode of the gauge field. The vacuum is obtained by solving a Schr\"odinger equation in a periodic potential, so that the theta is understood as the Bloch momentum. We also construct a one-meson state in the fermion-antifermion sector and obtained the Schr\"odinger equation for it.Comment: 23 pages, RevTex, no figure

Autocrine Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Activation in Normal Human Keratinocytes is not Interrupted by Calcium Triggering and is Involved in the Control of Cell Cycle at the Early Stage of Calcium-induced Differentiation

Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) respond to the autocrine activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, which contributes to the survival of keratinocytes. However, during the condition of calcium-induced differentiation, how the autocrine ERK signaling is regulated and affected is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to understand and to obtain clues to the possible function of the autocrine ERK activation during the calcium-induced differentiation of NHEK. We demonstrated that the autocrine activated ERK was not interrupted by calcium triggering and that it was sustained for at least one day after changing the medium. We also found that the autocrine ERK activation was associated with the expression of cyclin D1 and the cell cycle regulation at the early stage of calcium triggering by treating the cells with the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor PD98059. However, the PD98059 treatment did not have a significant influence on the expression of involucrin and loricrin. In addition, we demonstrated that autocrine ERK activation was associated with protein kinase C and p38MAPK signaling. We suggest that the activation of autocrine ERK is not interrupted by calcium triggering and it might participate in cell growth during the early stage of calcium-induced differentiation in NHEK

Interdecadal seesaw of precipitation variability between North China and the Southwest US

This paper reports a consistent seesaw relationship between interdecadal precipitation variability over North China and the Southwest United States (US), which can be found in observations and simulations with several models. Idealized model simulations suggest the seesaw could be mainly driven by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), through a large-scale circulation anomaly occupying the entire northern North Pacific, while the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) contributes oppositely and less. Modulation of precipitation by the IPO tends to be intensified when the AMO is in the same phase. The warm IPO phase is associated with an anomalous cyclone over the northern North Pacific and consequently, anomalous southwesterly winds bring more moisture and rainfall to the southwest US, while northwesterly wind anomalies prevail over North China with negative rainfall anomalies. The east-west seesaw of rainfall anomalies reverses sign when the circulation anomaly becomes anticyclonic during the cold IPO phase. The IPO-related tropical SST anomalies affect the meridional temperature gradient over the North Pacific and adjacent regions and the mean meridional circulation. In the northern North Pacific, the atmospheric response to IPO forcing imposes an equivalent barotropic structure throughout the troposphere. An important impliciation from this study is the potential predictability of drought-related water stresses over these arid and semiarid regions, with the progress of our understanding and prediction of the IPO and AMO

Dual role of the exocyst in AMPA receptor targeting and insertion into the postsynaptic membrane

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102104/1/emboj7601065.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102104/2/emboj7601065-sup-0001.pd

Multiple Coulomb phase in the fluoride pyrochlore CsNiCrF6

The Coulomb phase is an idealized state of matter whose properties are determined by factors beyond conventional considerations of symmetry, including global topology, conservation laws and emergent order. Theoretically, Coulomb phases occur in ice-type systems such as water ice and spin ice; in dimer models; and in certain spin liquids. However, apart from ice-type systems, more general experimental examples are very scarce. Here we study the partly disordered material CsNiCrF6 and show that this material is a multiple Coulomb phase with signature correlations in three degrees of freedom: charge configurations, atom displacements and spin configurations. We use neutron and X-ray scattering to separate these correlations and to determine the magnetic excitation spectrum. Our results show how the structural and magnetic properties of apparently disordered materials may inherit, and be dictated by, a hidden symmetry—the local gauge symmetry of an underlying Coulomb phase

Vaatetussuunnittelijan, yrityksen ja kuluttajan kolmiyhteys

Vaatetussuunnittelijoiden, yritysten ja kuluttajien kolmiyhteydestä tehty tutkimus toimii pohjana Andiatan kevät/kesä 2014 -ideamallistolle, jonka kohderyhmä ovat uranaiset. Tutkimuksen tuloksissa ilmenee keitä vaatetussuunnittelijat ovat, mitä he tekevät ja miten, kuinka he kommunikoivat yritysten ja kuluttajien kanssa, ja kuinka vaatetussuunnittelijan suunnittelumetodit ja tyyli, esitystekniikka sekä työnkuva vaihtelevat eri työnantajien mukaan. Tutkimus koostuu kulttuurisista ja yrityspohjaisista tietolähteistä, alan ammattitaitoisten henkilöiden sähköpostihaastatteluista ja Iiris-lehden verkkosivuilla julkaistun E-lomakkeen avulla kerätyistä tiedoista, joista selviää Andiatan kohderyhmän profiili ja heidän toiveensa ja tarpeensa vaatteiden suhteen. E-lomakkeesta on apua suunnitteluprojektissa ja se on osa tutkimustyötä, jossa huomioidaan, kuinka paljon kuluttajien tarpeisiin ja toiveisiin voidaan vastata yritykselle työskennellessä. Tutkimus osoittaa, kuinka tärkeää kommunikointi vaatetussuunnittelijan, yrityksen ja kuluttajan muodostaman kolminaisuuden keskuudessa on, ja kuinka tärkeitä ominaisuuksia vaatetussuunnittelijan persoonallisuus, luovuus, itseensä uskominen ja ahkeruus ovat vaatetusalalla. Tutkimuksen tärkeys ilmenee vaatetussuunnittelijan työnkuvan ymmärtämisellä ja tutkimus on suositeltavissa kaikille vaatetusalan parissa opiskeleville ja työskenteleville, sekä vaatetusalasta kiinnostuneille.Andiata’s Spring/Summer 2014 -idea collection for businesswoman is based on the research that was made on the trinity of fashion designers, companies and consumers. Research results showed who designers are, what they are doing and how, how they communicate with companies and consumers, and how design methods and style change in fashion designers’ work and design presentations when working with different clients. The research is a collection of cultural and enterprise-based sources, information about professional by interviewing them by e-mail, and information about consumers by E-form, where a businesswoman’s profile is expressed and their needs and wishes for clothing. The E-form is published by a magazine called Iiris-lehti and is helpful for Andiata’s Spring/Summer 2014 -collections design project and at the same time is shown how much a fashion designer can fulfill consumers’ wishes when working for a company. The research tells how important communication is in fashion designers, companies and consumers trinity, how much fashion designers personality, creativeness, believing in themselves and hard working is important in the Fashion Industry. The research is an important part of understanding fashion designers’ working area and can be recommendable for all who are part of the fashion world or interested in it

Oncologic outcomes of KTP laser surgery versus radiation for T1 glottic carcinoma

Objectives/Hypothesis To characterize outcomes for patients who underwent transoral microsurgery with potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser resection of early glottic cancers and to compare outcomes with patients who received external beam radiation therapy. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods The history of patients with T1 glottic carcinoma treated with curative primary radiation or transoral KTP laser resection was reviewed. Oncologic outcomes for both radiation and surgery cohorts including disease‐free and overall survival were calculated. Results Eighty‐seven patients met inclusion criteria from 2011 to 2016; 47 patients (54%) received primary KTP laser ablation, and 40 patients (46%) received primary external beam radiotherapy. The average length of follow‐up was 924 ± 529 days in the KTP laser group and 994 ± 603 days in the radiation group (P = .26). There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in terms of medical or demographic variables. There were six recurrences in the KTP laser group (13%), versus six in the radiotherapy group (15%) (P = .77). The laryngeal preservation rate for the cohort of patients who initially received KTP laser treatment was 46 out of 47 patients (98%). Of the cohort that received primary radiation therapy, the laryngeal preservation rate was 36 out of 40 patients (90%, P = .18). Disease‐free and overall survival were 88% and 98% in the KTP laser cohort and 85% and 95% in the radiation cohort (P = .78, P = .56), respectively. Conclusions KTP laser ablation is a modality equivalent to primary radiation therapy in oncologic outcomes for T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:1052–1056, 201