Reconocimiento de expresiones faciales estáticas y dinámicas en el envejecimiento normal y en el deterioro cognitivo leve

INTRODUCCIÓN: La investigación acerca de la capacidad para reconocer expresiones faciales durante el envejecimiento no es unánime. Una característica común de los estudios, y que se ha señalado como limitación, es el empleo de estímulos bidimensionales y estáticos (fotografías) que expresan una emoción prototípica, lo que reduce su validez ecológica. Se ha propuesto el empleo de estímulos que muestren el movimiento expresivo de forma dinámica (fragmentos de vídeos) para asemejarlo a los contextos naturales. Otra variable que podría influir en los resultados es el estado cognitivo de la muestra, sugiriéndose que el deterioro en el reconocimiento podría ser mayor en mayores con deterioro cognitivo. OBJETIVOS: Comparar la capacidad para reconocer expresiones faciales con distinta validez ecológica en personas mayores sanas, personas mayores con Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL) y jóvenes. METODOLOGÍA: Evaluamos a un total de 13 personas mayores sanas, 14 personas personas mayores con DCL y 15 jóvenes en dos tareas de reconocimiento de expresiones faciales, una con fotografías y otra con vídeos. RESULTADOS: Los dos grupos de mayores rindieron peor que los jóvenes en ambas tareas. No obstante, observamos que el rendimiento fue significativamente menor en los mayores con DCL frente a los mayores sanos. Por otro lado, todos los grupos rindieron mejor en la tarea con estímulos dinámicos frente a estáticos, aunque esta mejora fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de mayores sanos frente a los mayores con DCL. CONCLUSIÓN: El deterioro en el reconocimiento de expresiones faciales durante el envejecimiento se ve influido por el tipo de estímulo y por el estado cognitivo. Este deterioro se puede relacionar con el patrón de daño cerebral que se ha descrito tanto durante el envejecimiento normal como patológico y confirma la presencia de circuitos cerebrales diferenciados para el reconocimiento de expresiones faciales estáticas y dinámicas.2018-1

Accidentes eléctricos en Veterinaria: La razón de su importancia

El objetivo de este trabajo es dar a conocer los mecanismos patógenos y factores que intervienen en la aparición de lesiones por accidentes eléctricos. Abordar las situaciones más frecuentes en animales de producción, mascotas y aves; y de qué modo les afectan desde el punto de vista del estrés. Finalmente proponer algunas medidas sobre cómo prevenir dichos daños y cómo actuar en caso de encontrarlosLa electricidad es un fenómeno físico presente de manera continua en nuestras vidas, en la siguiente revisión realizaremos un análisis exhaustivo de los distintos mecanismos patógenos y factores que influyen en la aparición de las lesiones eléctricas, además de cómo estas van a dar lugar a un estrés de origen endógeno consecuencia del dolor que producen sobre los animale

Gait pattern and cognitive performance during treadmill walking in Parkinson disease

[Abstract] Objective: The aim of this study was to explore whether attentional demands are involved in gait improvements in Parkinson disease (PD) patients when they walk on a treadmill. Design: Nineteen individuals with idiopathic PD and 19 age-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Participants walked on a treadmill and on overground under single task (walk only) and dual task (walk performing a simultaneous cognitive task) conditions. The dual-task paradigm was used to reveal the attention allocation behavior. Gait pattern and cognitive performance was measured. Results: The PD group showed reduced gait variability when walking on a treadmill in comparison with overground. However, this reduction did not deteriorate during the dual task. Moreover, there were no differences in the cognitive performance between treadmill and overground walking. Conclusions: This study does not support the proposition attentional resource allocation as a possible mechanism for the treadmill-associated gait improvements observed in PD.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; DEP2011-2246

Dipolar-coupled moment correlations in clusters of magnetic nanoparticles

Here, we investigate the nature of the moment coupling between 10-nm DMSA-coated magnetic nanoparticles, in both colloidal dispersion and in powder form. The individual iron oxide cores were composed of > 95% maghemite and agglomerated to clusters. At room temperature the ensemble behaved as a superparamagnet according to M\"ossbauer and magnetization measurements, however, with clear signs of dipolar interactions at low temperatures. Analysis of temperature-dependent AC susceptibility data in the superparamagnetic regime indicates a tendency for dipolar coupled anticorrelations of the core moments within the clusters. To resolve the directional correlations between the particle moments we performed polarized small-angle neutron scattering and determined the magnetic spin-flip cross-section of the powder in low magnetic field at 300 K. We extract the underlying pair distance distribution function of the magnetization vector field by an indirect Fourier transform of the cross-section, and which suggests positive as well as negative correlations between nearest neighbor moments, with anticorrelations clearly dominating for next-nearest moments. These tendencies are confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations of such core-clusters.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Coping in Newly Diagnosed, Spanish-Speaking Men Who Have Sex with Men and Live with HIV : A Bayesian Approach

The use of coping strategies depends on the type of adversity, and HIV infection creates different difficult situations to cope with. However, most coping questionnaires do not consider its situational character. This study sought to analyze coping and its effectiveness in the case of newly diagnosed HIV-positive Spanish-speaking men who have sex with men (MSM), for which a short form of the Situated Coping Questionnaire for Adults (SCQA) was validated in this population. 115 such diagnosed Spanish-speaking MSM (mostly from Spain and Latin America) completed the SCQA along with anxiety, depression, health-related resilience, and disclosure measures. Four models were compared through Bayesian structural equation modeling to test factorial validity; reliability coefficients were obtained, and criterion validity was ascertained via correlation analyses. The model considering the type of situation was superior to the rest, reliability was adequate, and coping strategies were shown to be related to anxiety, depression, resilience, and degree of disclosure. The short form of the SCQA is a valid means of assessing situated coping among Spanish-speaking HIV-positive MSM and, when used with other measurement tools, can be informative about coping effectiveness

Postural Stability and Cognitive Performance of Subjects With Parkinson's Disease During a Dual-Task in an Upright Stance

[Abstract] Background: The reviewed studies on center of pressure (COP) displacement in Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects show important methodological differences and contradictory results with regard to healthy subjects. The dual-task paradigm method has been used to examine cognitive prioritization strategies to control concurrent postural and cognitive tasks. The motor requirements, such as pronouncing words, involved in the cognitive tasks used in double-task conditions could be related to the heterogeneity of the results. Research Objective: To compare postural sway and cognitive performance in subjects with PD and controls using a dual-task paradigm with a cognitive task free of motor demands. We tried to examine the prioritization strategy of PD patients regarding healthy adults to control for concurrent postural and cognitive tasks. Materials and Methods: 25 subjects with PD and 20 healthy controls carried out a postural task under both single-task and dual-task conditions. The postural task was to stand as still as possible, with eyes first open and then closed. The dual-task condition added a concurrent cognitive task based on phoneme monitoring. COP displacement variables and cognitive performance were compared between the groups and within-subject factors were also examined. Results: PD participants showed higher COP displacement results than the controls. All participants shortened the mean sway radius in dual-task conditions compared with single-task conditions; only healthy subjects presented less transversal COP sway in dual-task conditions than in single-task conditions. The cognitive performance of PD patients on a phoneme monitoring task worsened when they carried it out while maintaining balance in a standing position compared to sitting. The opposite effect occurred in control subjects. Conclusion: This study confirms the negative influence of Parkinson’s disease on the control of standing stability, increasing the COP sway amplitude. The attentional demands of a postural task, such as standing balance, may be greater in PD patients than in healthy subjects. This would affect the performance of patients during dual-task conditions to be able to control a postural task while performing other cognitive tasks. In these conditions, cognitive performance would be negatively affected. These results suggest that subjects with PD, at least during initial disease stages, prioritize postural control over other concurrent tasks, as is also seen in healthy subjects.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for the research received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (ref. DEP2017-87384-R

Alfabetización y educación para la salud en personas con discapacidad mediante la formación en competencias profesionales

Memoria ID-108. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2018-2019

Guía para la elaboración de trabajos científicos: grado, máster y postgrado

[ES]Esta Guía se ha realizado con el objetivo de ofrecer información relevante, concisa y precisa sobre los elementos y procedimientos básicos para la elaboración rigurosa y científica de los trabajos que hay que realizar en el Grado (Trabajo Fin de Grado) y en Post-Grado (Trabajo Fin de Máster y Tesis Doctoral)por parte de los discentes y/o profesionales de Ciencias de la Salud, Ciencias Sociales y afines. Toda la información introducida en esta Guía es fruto de la experiencia docente (cursos doctorado y formación continúa) e investigadora y tiene un marcado carácter práctico para que sirva de apoyo y facilite la realización, desarrollo y presentación de trabajos científicos universitarios y/o profesionales. En cada tema de esta guía se establecen los conocimientos, procedimientos y herramientas que se consideran imprescindibles y/o necesarios para la consecución de un buen trabajo científico, ya sea de Fin de Grado, Fin de Máster, Tesis Doctoral u Otros. Además, a lo largo de la misma se aportan consejos y recomendaciones prácticas que son consecuencia de la experiencia del equipo de docentes y expertos que han participado en la elaboración de esta Guía. La Guía nace con el doble propósito de aportar rigor y calidad en los trabajos científicos y ayudara los universitarios y profesionales a adquirir competencias y habilidades para presentar y reflejar de forma escrita los trabajos elaborados para conseguir el objetivo, graduación, máster, doctorado u otros. En la medida en que esta Guía sea útil al discente y a los profesionales en el proceso de aprendizaje de competencias y habilidades transversales y en su desarrollo profesional habremos conseguido nuestro objetivo

X-linked hypophosphatemia and growth

X-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is the most common form of hereditary rickets caused by loss-of function mutations in the PHEX gene. XLH is characterized by hypophosphatemia secondary to renal phosphate wasting, inappropriately low concentrations of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and high circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Short stature and rachitic osseous lesions are characteristic phenotypic findings of XLH although the severity of these manifestations is highly variable among patients. The degree of growth impairment is not dependent on the magnitude of hypophosphatemia or the extent of legs´ bowing and height is not normalized by chronic administration of phosphate supplements and 1α hydroxyvitamin D derivatives. Treatment with growth hormone accelerates longitudinal growth rate but there is still controversy regarding the potential risk of increasing bone deformities and body disproportion. Treatments aimed at blocking FGF23 action are promising, but information is lacking on the consequences of counteracting FGF23 during the growing period. This review summarizes current knowledge on phosphorus metabolism in XLH, presents updated information on XLH and growth, including the effects of FGF23 on epiphyseal growth plate of the Hyp mouse, an animal model of the disease, and discusses growth hormone and novel FGF23 related therapies