O currículo de língua gestual portuguesa: passado, presente e futuro

The Portuguese Sign Language (hereinafter LGP) is linked to the deaf education in Portugal for decades. Its genesis is found in the first institutes in Lisbon and Porto in the 19th century, in which a considerable number of deaf people had gathered and developed signed communication systems. During the 19th century, the methodologies used in their education were based on these signed systems and the manual alphabet. With the advent of oralist methodologies introduced in Portugal, these signed communication systems were banned from the classroom, although deaf students continued to develop their sign communication clandestinely. The LGP was rescued in the 80s and 90s of the 20th century as a result of the studies carried out by the University of Lisbon in partnership with the Portuguese Association of the Deaf, and of the first attempts to implement bilingual education for deaf students. Both developments demonstrated the need to teach LGP as a first language to deaf students and the construction of an LGP curriculum. The first national LGP curriculum is published (DGIDC, 2008) with the publication of the Decree-Law 3/2008, which regulated deaf bilingual education for the first time in its Article 23. In 2018, two new Decree-Laws were published (54/2018 and 55/2018) that revoke the previous Decree-Law and promote a curriculum review of all school subjects. To understand the effectiveness of the 2008 LGP curriculum, we carried out an exploratory study. We interviewed four deaf LGP teachers who suggested the reformulation of the LGP curriculum, respecting the 2018 legislation and the reality of the current deaf school population.A Língua Gestual Portuguesa (doravante LGP) esteve durante décadas ligada à educação de surdos em Portugal. A sua gênese, encontra-se nos primeiros institutos fundados em Lisboa e Porto no século XIX, sendo nesses locais que se reuniram no mesmo espaço um número considerável de crianças e jovens surdos, que permitiu desenvolver sistemas de comunicação gestual. Durante o século XIX, as metodologias utilizadas na educação de surdos assentavam em sistemas de sinais e no alfabeto manual. Com o advento das metodologias oralistas introduzidas em Portugal, esses sistemas de comunicação gestual dentro da sala de aula foram banidos, mas os alunos surdos continuaram a desenvolver a sua comunicação gestual clandestinamente. A LGP apenas viria a ser resgatada na década de 80 e 90, do século XX, fruto das investigações levadas a cabo pela Universidade de Lisboa em parceria com a Associação Portuguesa de Surdos. Isso aconteceu em função das primeiras tentativas de implementação da educação bilíngue para alunos surdos, que teve como consequência a necessidade de ensinar a LGP como primeira língua aos alunos surdos e a construção de um programa curricular de LGP. Só com a publicação do Decreto-Lei 3/2008, que regula pela primeira vez educação bilingue para alunos surdos no seu artigo 23o, é publicado o primeiro programa curricular de LGP a nível nacional (DGIDC, 2008). Em 2018, foram publicados dois novos Decretos-Lei (54/2018 e 55/2018) que revogam o Decreto-Lei anterior e promovem a revisão curricular de todas as disciplinas escolares. Para compreender a eficácia do currículo do LGP 2008, realizamos um estudo exploratório. Entrevistamos quatro professores surdos da LGP, cujos resultados apontam para uma proposta de reformulação do currículo da LGP, respeitando a legislação publicada em 2018 e atendendo a realidade da população escolar surda atual.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

BEHAVIORS AND ATTITUDES IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF GEOMETRY

This paper presents a case study about teaching and learning topics of Geometry that are part of the syllabus of high school courses. Internationally the teaching of Geometry has been the subject of several studies. Nevertheless, research continues to reveal that Geometry is still quite absent from the classrooms, especially in the early years; Geometry is disliked by most students, is misunderstood, and its notation is totally ignored. One of the reasons for this failure is that these issues are addressed superficially in the curriculum of the training teachers of Geometry. This paper describes the experience of teaching Geometry to a class with 90 students in academic year 2014-2015, enumerates some difficulties and behaviors faced by students and teachers, and exposes the results of the academic success

Is there teamwork in the Family Health Program?

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer como se desenvolve o trabalho em equipe no Programa Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa. Foi realizado no Município de Santo Antonio do Descoberto (GO), com quatro equipes básicas completas há mais de seis meses. Foram feitos grupos focais, em duas etapas, a primeira com elementos de cada equipe individualmente e, posteriormente, com integrantes das quatro equipes. Para a análise, empregou-se a técnica de discurso do sujeito coletivo. Evidenciou-se que os sujeitos representam o trabalho em equipe como a união dos integrantes na busca de um objetivo comum, o processo de trabalho ocorre de forma parcelar, pois as funções se realizam de forma isolada ou compartilhada, mas não interativa ou integrada. A ausência de articulação das ações dificulta que as equipes encontrem espaços para a elaboração de projeto assistencial local que atenda as necessidades mais amplas da população.The objective of the study was to know how team work in the Family Health Program is developed. A qualitative methodology was used. The study was performed in the city of Santo Antonio do Descoberto, in the Brazilian state of Goiás, with four complete basic teams more than six months ago. Focal groups had been formed, in two stages: the first with elements of each team individually, and later, with integrants of the four teams. For the analysis it was used the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. It was evidenced that the subjects represent the team work as the union of the integrant ones in the search of a common objective. The work process occurs in a fragmented way, once the functions are carried in either an isolated or shared form, but not interactive or integrated. The absence of articulation of the actions becomes difficult that the teams find spaces for the elaboration of a local assistance project that meet the most ample needs of the population

The Dyson-Schwinger equations and the non-perturbative solution of QED: exploring the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex

A minimal truncated set of Dyson-Schwinger equations that allow exploring the non-perturbative regime of QED is derived for a general linear covariant gauge. This minimal set includes the propagators, the the photon-fermion, and the two-photon-two-fermion vertices. If the equations for the first three quantities are exact, to build a closed set of equations, the last one is truncated ignoring further higher-order Green functions. We also show that the truncated equation reproduces the lowest order perturbative result for the two-photon-two-fermion vertex in the limit of the small coupling constant. Then, the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex is studied by combining the corresponding Ward-Takahashi identity with the Dyson-Schwinger equation. The longitudinal part of this irreducible vertex is computed from the Ward-Takahashi identity, which is solved in the low energy limit when one of the photons has zero energy (soft photon limit). For this kinematical configuration, the general expression for the vertex is derived and its form factors related to the photon-fermion vertex and fermion propagator

Porto Maravilha: resignificando a cultura e o imaginário do porto do Rio de Janeiro?

O artigo propõe a reflexão sobre o projeto Porto Maravilha, considerado um legado olímpico, presente no Dossiê de Candidatura do Rio2016. Interessa-nos analisar como “lançaram luz” sobre alguns traços culturais da região portuária, com alusão à Pequena África, e a construção de novos espaços culturais, âncoras do processo de requalificação do porto

Estudo de viabilidade para abertura de um escrit?rio de advocacia em Itaja?-SC

Law firms aim to provide legal services to individuals, companies or government that seek these services to meet their demands in the most diverse areas of law. When thinking about opening a new law firm should be taking into account all the aspects necessary to open any venture, so this research deals with a feasibility study for the opening of a law firm in the area of civil law in Itaja? in Santa Catarina, with the main objective of researching the feasibility of opening a new law firm in the city of Itaja?. The specific objectives of this research are to characterize the legal services office; analyze market conditions; detail operational needs for the provision of legal services; point out the investment needed to implement the business; and draft a business law firm plan. Regarding the methodological procedures, this research is characterized as a case study and descriptive, regarding the procedure of data collection, is characterized as qualitative. For data collection, primary and secondary data were used, having as primary data source an unstructured interview with the lawyer interested in starting the business, these data were used to construct the executive summary (part of the marketing plan to be built within the business plan) and for the preparation of earnings projections based on the current billing of the lawyer. As a source of secondary data, a search was made on the website of the Court of Justice of Itaja? to collect data regarding the number of procedural acts that were processed in the last 3 semesters, these data were used to measure the demand and turnover of the business and then analyze the conditions. Still as a source of secondary data a search was made in the literature and in scientific articles to characterize the business and to detail its operational needs and to interpret the results. To point out the necessary investment was made a search on the websites of real estate and office supplies stores. The Calc tool of LibreOffice was used to analyze the data. To identify the feasibility of opening the business were simulated through the flow the ways in which the lawyer could constitute the business (type of company and form of taxation). The option identified with greater viability was to establish a Limited Company with another person and to tax the company's earnings through the National Simples. Based on this, a Statement of Profit and Loss for the period projected (from January 2019 to December 2019) was prepared, and subsequently the viability indicators were calculated. All indicators analyzed were feasible.Os escrit?rios de advocacia t?m como finalidade prestar servi?os jur?dicos ?s pessoas f?sicas, empresas ou governo que buscam esses servi?os para atender suas demandas nas mais diversas ?reas do direito. Quando se pensa em abrir um novo escrit?rio de advocacia deve ser levando em considera??o todos os aspectos necess?rios para abertura de qualquer empreendimento, deste modo a presente pesquisa trata de um estudo de viabilidade para a abertura de um escrit?rio de advocacia na ?rea do direito civil na cidade de Itaja?, Santa Catarina, possuindo como objetivo central de pesquisa verificar se h? viabilidade para abrir um escrit?rio de advocacia na cidade de Itaja?. Os objetivos espec?ficos desta pesquisa tratam de caracterizar escrit?rio de servi?os advocat?cios; analisar as condi??es mercadol?gicas; detalhar as necessidades operacionais para a presta??o de servi?os advocat?cios; apontar o investimento necess?rio para implanta??o do neg?cio; e elaborar um plano de neg?cios de escrit?rio de advocacia. Em rela??o aos procedimentos metodol?gicos esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como estudo de caso e descritiva, no que diz respeito ao procedimento de coleta de dados, caracteriza-se como qualitativa. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados dados prim?rios e secund?rios, tendo como fonte de dados prim?rios uma entrevista n?o estruturada com a advogada interessada em abrir o neg?cio, estes dados foram utilizados para constru??o do sum?rio executivo (parte do plano de marketing a ser constru?do dentro do plano de neg?cios) e para elabora??o das proje??es de ganhos partindo do faturamento atual da advogada. Como fonte de dados secund?rios foi feita uma busca no site do Tribunal de Justi?a de Itaja? para coletar dados referentes ao n?mero de atos processuais que foram tramitados nos ?ltimos 3 semestres, estes dados foram utilizados para mensurar a demanda e faturamento do neg?cio e ent?o analisar as condi??es de mercado. Ainda como fonte de dados secund?rios foi feita uma busca na literatura e artigos cient?ficos para caracterizar o neg?cio e detalhar suas necessidades operacionais e interpretar os resultados al?m de dados no site da OAB para identificar as limita??es da divulga??o do trabalho do advogado, tornando necess?rio buscar alternativas para divulga??o do empreendimento. Para apontar o investimento necess?rio foi realizada uma busca nos sites das imobili?rias e lojas de materiais de escrit?rio. Para an?lise dos dados foi utilizado a ferramenta Calc do LibreOffice. Para identificar a viabilidade de abrir o neg?cio foram simuladas atrav?s do fluxo de caixa as formas como a advogada poderia constituir o neg?cio (tipo de empresa e forma de tributa??o). A op??o identificada com maior viabilidade foi de constituir uma Sociedade Limitada com outra pessoa e tributar os ganhos da empresa por meio do Simples Nacional. Partindo disso, foi elaborado uma Demonstra??o do Resultado de Exerc?cio para o per?odo o projetado (de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2019), e posteriormente foram calculados os indicadores de viabilidade. Todos os indicadores analisados apresentaram viabilidade

The influence of material density on bipolar charge transport in polymer-based electronic applications

Using a mesoscopic modelling approach, the authors performed computer experiments to study the influence of polymer density on bipolar charge evolution through thin layers of polydiacetylene (PDA) exhibiting specific microstructures. We found that the competition between charge transport, trapping and recombination within the polymer layer leads to several general trends, some of them being non-intuitive, as one varies polymer density. Our results show that polymer density mainly affects current and recombination efficiencies in the absence of defects or impurity states. The overall trends depend both on chain orientation relative to the electrodes and on the strength of the external applied electric field. These results suggest that adequate modelling of charge transport in electronic and optoelectronic devices based on conducting and semiconducting polymers, such as PDA, must include their structure and related key factors at mesoscopic scale. Such models provide the necessary knowledge-base to optimize the polymer film structure for electronic applications.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) – Programa Operacional “Ciência , Tecnologia, Inovação” – POCTI/CTM/41574/2001 e SFRH/BD/11231/2002Comunidade Europeia (CE). Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER

Nutritional composition of omnivorous and carnivorous wild freshwater fish from Tagus river basin

Portugal is one of the countries in the world with highest per capita fish consumption (59.9 kg/year) (1), mainly saltwater fish from Atlantic Northwest and marine aquaculture. However, in the interior of Portugal is traditional the consumption of wild freshwater fish (common carp [CC], iberian barbel [IB], crucian carp [CrC] and largemouth bass [LB]). These species are very interesting as game fishing and also very important in the local cuisine due to their characteristic flavor.CERNAS-IPCB [UIDB/00681/2020] funding by the Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Major roads have a negative impact on the Tawny Owl Strix aluco and the Little Owl Athene noctua populations

The increasing road networks threaten ecosystems by direct effects such as increased mortality due to collision with vehicles and by various indirect effects leading to road avoidance. We censused Tawny Owls Strix aluco and Little Owls Athene noctua in 2005, 2007 and 2009 in a rural landscape in Southern Portugal in order to study the effects of roads and habitat characteristics on Tawny Owl density and Little Owl presence. The presence of both owl species in the 70 census locations was coherent among years. Our results showed that Tawny Owl density near major roads was lower, with the negative effects extending possibly up to 2 km. The probability of Little Owl presence was also negatively affected by the proximity to major roads. The negative effects of roads were significant even considering habitat preferences and spatial autocorrelation, which had the most marked effect on the density or presence of both owls. The reduced occupancy by Tawny Owls and Little Owls of habitats near major roads may be caused by several factors, including increased mortality, disturbance caused by high traffic density, and increased fragmentation. Traffic noise in particular may affect intra-specific communication and hunting efficiency. Consequently, habitat near roads may represent lower-quality territories for owls