Age discrimination in financial services. A comparative study between Italy, UK and Austria

This thesis considers age discrimination in financial services, focusing on a comparative analysis between Italy, Austria and United Kingdom. It does this by first examining Directive 2000/78/EC which is the first and the only European legislation existing on age discrimination in the employment field. Additionally, relevant case law is analysed to create a theoretical framework. By this approach, it is possible to see that, although equality is a fundamental principle of European law, both direct and indirect age discrimination can be justified. Therefore, this analysis focuses on Article 6 of the Directive as it allows the Member States to objectively justify age discrimination for the benefit of public economic interests. This conflict between economic interest and equality is evident also in the financial services field, where a European legislation does not exist yet. In this way, in each country, the assessment of risk is strongly linked to domestic law and financial stability. The study focuses on the implication of age justifications on the economy and its relation to population ageing

In-Medium Properties of Hadrons

A diverse experimental program for the study of the photoproduction of mesons off nuclei has been carried out - and is still running - at the Mainz MAMI and Bonn ELSA electron accelerators with the TAPS, Crystal Barrel, and Crystal Ball calorimeters. It is motivated as a detailed study of the in-medium properties of hadrons and the meson - nucleus interactions. Typical examples for the in-medium behavior of vector mesons ($\omega$), scalar mesons ($\sigma$), and nucleon resonances (P$_{33}$(1232), S$_{11}$(1535), D$_{15}$(1520)) are discussed. Special attention is paid to meson - nucleus final state interactions.Comment: Proceedings of the Meson2006 IX Int. Workshop on Production, Properties and Interaction of Mesons, Cracow, Poland 09 - 14 June, 2006, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

Total sozial vernetzt! - oder der Trend, alles über sich preiszugeben

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Anonymität und Privatsphäre im Internet und untersucht dies am Nutzungsverhalten von Social Networks im Internet. So-cial Networks stellen seit geraumer Zeit eine massive Gefährdung für die informationelle Pri-vatheit der Internetuser dar, weil durch ihre Nutzung enorme Mengen an persönlichen Daten veröffentlicht werden, was für die Internetuser gravierenden Folgen haben kann. Die Unter-suchung geht den Fragen nach, welche Bedeutung die Begriffe Anonymität und Privatsphäre im Internet und vor allem in Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Social Networks haben, welche Faktoren den freiwilligen Verzicht auf Anonymität beziehungsweise Privatsphäre im Internet beeinflussen und ob Unterschiede betreffend des Umgangs mit Anonymität und Privatsphäre zwischen realer und virtueller Welt existieren. Den theoretischen Hintergrund liefern zum einen die Erkenntnisse aus der Auseinandersetzung mit den beiden zentralen Begriffen und die grundlegenden theoretischen Konzepte zur computervermittelten Kommunikation, zum anderen die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu Social Networks im Internet. Für die Untersuchung wurde die Methode der Online-Befragung gewählt, als Untersuchungsgegenstand das Social Network Facebook. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind die Befragungsergebnisse von 404 Personen berücksichtigt.This thesis deals with anonymity and privacy in the Internet and examines this at the behav-iour of use of social networks in the Internet. Social networks represent for quite some time a substantial endangerment for the informational privacy of the Internet users because by their use enormous quantities of personal data are published, which can have engraving conse-quences for the Internet users. The survey follows the questions, which meaning the terms anonymity and privacy in the Internet and particularly in view to the use of social networks have, which factors the voluntary renouncement of anonymity and/or privacy in the Internet affect and whether concerning differences handling anonymity and privacy between real and virtual world exist. The theoretical backgrounds are on the one hand the knowledge of the discussion of the two central terms and the fundamental theoretical concepts of the com-puter-mediated communications, and one the other hand the present knowledge of social networks in the Internet. The survey is realised with an online questionnaire, the subject of interest is the social network Facebook. In the survey the results of 404 persons are consid-ered

Age Discrimination in Financial Services: The United Kingdom Case

This paper asserts there can be no situation where a worker is more vulnerable or in a more precarious position than after suffering a work-related injury or contracting a work-related disease causing incapacity to work. It sets out the British system which imposes liability on employers to pay damages to employees who have suffered injury or disease because of their employer’s fault. Acknowledging the faults of this system, it looks at an International Labour Organisation publication which refers to systems in other states and supplements this by further research. It then returns to the ILO paper’s criteria for a good system and measures the British system against that criteria. Finally, it questions the fate of those whose incapacity is not work related. This paper considers age discrimination in financial services, focusing on the United Kingdom. It does this by examining the ‘Demographic transition Model’, population size and Age Dependency Ratio. Acknowledging the negative impact of age discrimination on national economic trends, it looks at the inactivity of older workers and how it has been tackled by the Equality Act 2010 and the Technical Guidance 2016. Therefore, this analysis defines older people both as vulnerable workers and vulnerable customers. Finally, it questions on the conflict in financial services between economic interests, equality and their link to population aging

Investigation of the anomaly in eta-photoproduction off the neutron

Quasi-free photoproduction of eta-mesons off the neutron and off the proton has been studied using a deuterium target and bremsstrahlung photons produced by MAMI-C with incident energies up to 1.5 GeV. The eta-mesons were detected in coincidence with the recoil nucleons thus a fully exclusive measurement was performed. Preliminary results show a bump-like structure in the excitation function for the neutron close to W $\approx$ 1675 MeV which is not seen for the proton. Considering the experimental resolution and using a Breit-Wigner fit the width of this structure was approximated below 50 MeV.Comment: oral contribution to the workshop on physics of the excited nucleon - NSTAR 2009, Beijing, April 200

Studying the ω\omega properties in pA collisions via the ω→π0γ\omega{\to}\pi^0\gamma decay

Within transport calculations we study the production and decay of $\omega$-mesons in $pA$ reactions at COSY energies including elastic and inelastic ${\omega}N$ rescattering, the $\omega{\to}\pi^0\gamma$ Dalitz decay as well as $\pi^0 N$ rescattering. The resulting invariant $\pi^0 \gamma$ mass distributions indicate that in-medium modifications of the $\omega$-meson may be observed experimentally.Comment: 5 pages, espcrc2-style, including 5 ps-figure

Spectator detection for the measurement of proton neutron interactions at ANKE

A telescope of three silicon detectors has been installed close to the internal target position of the ANKE spectrometer, which is situated inside the ultra-high vacuum of the COSY-Juelich light-ion storage ring. The detection and identification of slow protons and deuterons emerging from a deuterium cluster-jet target thus becomes feasible. A good measurement of the energy and angle of such a spectator proton (p_sp) allows one to identify a reaction as having taken place on the neutron in the target and then to determine the kinematical variables of the ion-neutron system on an event-by-event basis over a range of c.m. energies. The system has been successfully tested under laboratory conditions. By measuring the spectator proton in the p d to p_sp d pi^0 reaction in coincidence with a fast deuteron in the ANKE Forward Detector, values of the p n to d pi^0 total cross-section have been deduced. Further applications of the telescope include the determination of the luminosity and beam polarisation which are required for several experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

Medium effects in the production and pi0 gamma decay of omega-mesons in pA collisions in the GeV region

The omega-resonance production and its pi0 gamma decay in p-A reactions close to threshold is considered within the Intranuclear Cascade (INC) Model. The pi0 gamma invariant mass distribution shows two components which correspond to the omega decay 'inside' and 'outside' the nucleus, respectively. The 'inside' component is distorted by medium effects, which introduce a mass shift as well as collisional broadening for the omega-meson and its decaying pion. The relative contribution of the 'inside' component is analyzed in detail for different kinematical conditions and nuclear targets. It is demonstrated that a measurement of the correlation in azimuthal angle between the pi0 and gamma momenta allows to separate events related to the 'inside' omega decay from different sources of background when uncorrelated pi0's and gamma's are produced.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure

Do we understand the ηN\eta N interaction from the near threshold η\eta photoproduction on the deuteron?

The effects of final state interaction in incoherent $\eta$ photoproduction on deuteron are studied within a three-body approach including a realistic $NN$ potential. The results are compared with available data, and differences with other theoretical predictions are analyzed. The role of the $\eta N$ interaction and the possibility of extracting the $\eta N$ scattering parameters from this reaction are discussed.Comment: 9 pages revtex including 6 ps-figure

Transition form factors of the N*(1535) as a dynamically generated resonance

We discuss how electromagnetic properties provide useful tests of the nature of resonances, and we study these properties for the N*(1535) which appears dynamically generated from the strong interaction of mesons and baryons. Within this coupled channel chiral unitary approach, we evaluate the A_1/2 and S_1/2 helicity amplitudes as a function of Q^2 for the electromagnetic N*(1535) to gamma* N transition. Within the same formalism we evaluate the cross section for the reactions gamma N to eta N. We find a fair agreement for the absolute values of the transition amplitudes, as well as for the Q^2 dependence of the amplitudes, within theoretical and experimental uncertainties discussed in the paper. The ratios obtained between the S_1/2 and A_1/2 for the neutron or proton states of the N*(1535) are in qualitative agreement with experiment and there is agreement on the signs. The same occurs for the ratio of cross sections for the eta photoproduction on neutron and proton targets in the vicinity of the N*(1535) energy. The global results support the idea of this resonance as being dynamically generated, hence, largely built up from meson baryon components. However, the details of the model indicate that an admixture with a genuine quark state is also demanded that could help obtain a better agreement with experimental data.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, REVTe