485 research outputs found
Age discrimination in financial services. A comparative study between Italy, UK and Austria
This thesis considers age discrimination in financial services, focusing on a comparative analysis between Italy, Austria and United Kingdom. It does this by first examining Directive 2000/78/EC which is the first and the only European legislation existing on age discrimination in the employment field. Additionally, relevant case law is analysed to create a theoretical framework. By this approach, it is possible to see that, although equality is a fundamental principle of European law, both direct and indirect age discrimination can be justified. Therefore, this analysis focuses on Article 6 of the Directive as it allows the Member States to objectively justify age discrimination for the benefit of public economic interests. This conflict between economic interest and equality is evident also in the financial services field, where a European legislation does not exist yet. In this way, in each country, the assessment of risk is strongly linked to domestic law and financial stability. The study focuses on the implication of age justifications on the economy and its relation to population ageing
In-Medium Properties of Hadrons
A diverse experimental program for the study of the photoproduction of mesons
off nuclei has been carried out - and is still running - at the Mainz MAMI and
Bonn ELSA electron accelerators with the TAPS, Crystal Barrel, and Crystal Ball
calorimeters. It is motivated as a detailed study of the in-medium properties
of hadrons and the meson - nucleus interactions. Typical examples for the
in-medium behavior of vector mesons (), scalar mesons (), and
nucleon resonances (P(1232), S(1535), D(1520)) are
discussed. Special attention is paid to meson - nucleus final state
interactions.Comment: Proceedings of the Meson2006 IX Int. Workshop on Production,
Properties and Interaction of Mesons, Cracow, Poland 09 - 14 June, 2006, to
be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
Total sozial vernetzt! - oder der Trend, alles über sich preiszugeben
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema Anonymität und Privatsphäre im Internet und untersucht dies am Nutzungsverhalten von Social Networks im Internet. So-cial Networks stellen seit geraumer Zeit eine massive Gefährdung für die informationelle Pri-vatheit der Internetuser dar, weil durch ihre Nutzung enorme Mengen an persönlichen Daten veröffentlicht werden, was für die Internetuser gravierenden Folgen haben kann. Die Unter-suchung geht den Fragen nach, welche Bedeutung die Begriffe Anonymität und Privatsphäre im Internet und vor allem in Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Social Networks haben, welche Faktoren den freiwilligen Verzicht auf Anonymität beziehungsweise Privatsphäre im Internet beeinflussen und ob Unterschiede betreffend des Umgangs mit Anonymität und Privatsphäre zwischen realer und virtueller Welt existieren. Den theoretischen Hintergrund liefern zum einen die Erkenntnisse aus der Auseinandersetzung mit den beiden zentralen Begriffen und die grundlegenden theoretischen Konzepte zur computervermittelten Kommunikation, zum anderen die bisherigen Erkenntnisse zu Social Networks im Internet. Für die Untersuchung wurde die Methode der Online-Befragung gewählt, als Untersuchungsgegenstand das Social Network Facebook. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind die Befragungsergebnisse von 404 Personen berücksichtigt.This thesis deals with anonymity and privacy in the Internet and examines this at the behav-iour of use of social networks in the Internet. Social networks represent for quite some time a substantial endangerment for the informational privacy of the Internet users because by their use enormous quantities of personal data are published, which can have engraving conse-quences for the Internet users. The survey follows the questions, which meaning the terms anonymity and privacy in the Internet and particularly in view to the use of social networks have, which factors the voluntary renouncement of anonymity and/or privacy in the Internet affect and whether concerning differences handling anonymity and privacy between real and virtual world exist. The theoretical backgrounds are on the one hand the knowledge of the discussion of the two central terms and the fundamental theoretical concepts of the com-puter-mediated communications, and one the other hand the present knowledge of social networks in the Internet. The survey is realised with an online questionnaire, the subject of interest is the social network Facebook. In the survey the results of 404 persons are consid-ered
Age Discrimination in Financial Services: The United Kingdom Case
This paper asserts there can be no situation where a worker is more vulnerable or in a more precarious position than after suffering a work-related injury or contracting a work-related disease causing incapacity to work. It sets out the British system which imposes liability on employers to pay damages to employees who have suffered injury or disease because of their employer’s fault. Acknowledging the faults of this system, it looks at an International Labour Organisation publication which refers to systems in other states and supplements this by further research. It then returns to the ILO paper’s criteria for a good system and measures the British system against that criteria. Finally, it questions the fate of those whose incapacity is not work related. This paper considers age discrimination in financial services, focusing on the United Kingdom. It does this by examining the ‘Demographic transition Model’, population size and Age Dependency Ratio. Acknowledging the negative impact of age discrimination on national economic trends, it looks at the inactivity of older workers and how it has been tackled by the Equality Act 2010 and the Technical Guidance 2016. Therefore, this analysis defines older people both as vulnerable workers and vulnerable customers. Finally, it questions on the conflict in financial services between economic interests, equality and their link to population aging
Investigation of the anomaly in eta-photoproduction off the neutron
Quasi-free photoproduction of eta-mesons off the neutron and off the proton
has been studied using a deuterium target and bremsstrahlung photons produced
by MAMI-C with incident energies up to 1.5 GeV. The eta-mesons were detected in
coincidence with the recoil nucleons thus a fully exclusive measurement was
performed. Preliminary results show a bump-like structure in the excitation
function for the neutron close to W 1675 MeV which is not seen for
the proton. Considering the experimental resolution and using a Breit-Wigner
fit the width of this structure was approximated below 50 MeV.Comment: oral contribution to the workshop on physics of the excited nucleon -
NSTAR 2009, Beijing, April 200
Studying the properties in pA collisions via the decay
Within transport calculations we study the production and decay of
-mesons in reactions at COSY energies including elastic and
inelastic rescattering, the Dalitz decay
as well as rescattering. The resulting invariant mass
distributions indicate that in-medium modifications of the -meson may
be observed experimentally.Comment: 5 pages, espcrc2-style, including 5 ps-figure
Spectator detection for the measurement of proton neutron interactions at ANKE
A telescope of three silicon detectors has been installed close to the
internal target position of the ANKE spectrometer, which is situated inside the
ultra-high vacuum of the COSY-Juelich light-ion storage ring. The detection and
identification of slow protons and deuterons emerging from a deuterium
cluster-jet target thus becomes feasible. A good measurement of the energy and
angle of such a spectator proton (p_sp) allows one to identify a reaction as
having taken place on the neutron in the target and then to determine the
kinematical variables of the ion-neutron system on an event-by-event basis over
a range of c.m. energies.
The system has been successfully tested under laboratory conditions. By
measuring the spectator proton in the p d to p_sp d pi^0 reaction in
coincidence with a fast deuteron in the ANKE Forward Detector, values of the p
n to d pi^0 total cross-section have been deduced. Further applications of the
telescope include the determination of the luminosity and beam polarisation
which are required for several experiments.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
Medium effects in the production and pi0 gamma decay of omega-mesons in pA collisions in the GeV region
The omega-resonance production and its pi0 gamma decay in p-A reactions close
to threshold is considered within the Intranuclear Cascade (INC) Model. The pi0
gamma invariant mass distribution shows two components which correspond to the
omega decay 'inside' and 'outside' the nucleus, respectively. The 'inside'
component is distorted by medium effects, which introduce a mass shift as well
as collisional broadening for the omega-meson and its decaying pion. The
relative contribution of the 'inside' component is analyzed in detail for
different kinematical conditions and nuclear targets. It is demonstrated that a
measurement of the correlation in azimuthal angle between the pi0 and gamma
momenta allows to separate events related to the 'inside' omega decay from
different sources of background when uncorrelated pi0's and gamma's are
produced.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure
Do we understand the interaction from the near threshold photoproduction on the deuteron?
The effects of final state interaction in incoherent photoproduction
on deuteron are studied within a three-body approach including a realistic
potential. The results are compared with available data, and differences with
other theoretical predictions are analyzed. The role of the
interaction and the possibility of extracting the scattering
parameters from this reaction are discussed.Comment: 9 pages revtex including 6 ps-figure
Transition form factors of the N*(1535) as a dynamically generated resonance
We discuss how electromagnetic properties provide useful tests of the nature
of resonances, and we study these properties for the N*(1535) which appears
dynamically generated from the strong interaction of mesons and baryons. Within
this coupled channel chiral unitary approach, we evaluate the A_1/2 and S_1/2
helicity amplitudes as a function of Q^2 for the electromagnetic N*(1535) to
gamma* N transition. Within the same formalism we evaluate the cross section
for the reactions gamma N to eta N. We find a fair agreement for the absolute
values of the transition amplitudes, as well as for the Q^2 dependence of the
amplitudes, within theoretical and experimental uncertainties discussed in the
paper. The ratios obtained between the S_1/2 and A_1/2 for the neutron or
proton states of the N*(1535) are in qualitative agreement with experiment and
there is agreement on the signs. The same occurs for the ratio of cross
sections for the eta photoproduction on neutron and proton targets in the
vicinity of the N*(1535) energy. The global results support the idea of this
resonance as being dynamically generated, hence, largely built up from meson
baryon components. However, the details of the model indicate that an admixture
with a genuine quark state is also demanded that could help obtain a better
agreement with experimental data.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, REVTe
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