92 research outputs found
Archaeological dating of colluvial and lacustrine deposits in a GIS environment investigating the multi-period site Gortz 1 on Oberer Beetzsee, Brandenburg
From the mid-14th century CE onwards, extensive soil erosion, caused by intensive agricultural practices, has led to the destruction of landscape structures in Central Europe. In 2016, the University of Applied Sciences in Berlin investigated the colluvial deposits at the site of Gortz in western Brandenburg (Germany), which had accumulated on the lower slopes and were caused by the processes just mentioned.
The mapping of each individual archaeological find made it possible to project all finds onto one profile running along the slope. Transformation of the finds' coordinates from profile view to plan view enabled the visualization in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The combination of adjacent strata into larger units using a pedological and sedimentological approach enabled an improved dating of colluvial deposits. In addition, the method facilitated the dating of historical water levels in the Beetzsee chain of lakes, which are part of the Havel river system.
As a result, it could be demonstrated that substantial anthropogenic activity, such as clay quarrying and bank straightening, took place during the Late Slavic Period. An interlocking horizon of colluvial and lacustrine deposits indicates that the water level of the lake Oberer Beetzsee rose from a value under 29.4âm above sea level (a.s.l.) in the 11th/12th century CE to approximately 29.8âmâa.s.l. in the 13th century CE. However, isolated flooding events during the 13th century CE can be recorded up to a height of 30.5âmâa.s.l. A modern colluvial deposit of 1âm in thickness indicates an acute endangerment of the archaeological site by modern agriculture.FlĂ€chenhafte Bodenerosion, ausgelöst durch intensive landwirtschaftliche Nutzung, fĂŒhrte ab Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts u.Z. zur Zerstörung von Landschaftsstrukturen und in Mitteleuropa. Kolluvien, welche durch diese Prozesse entstanden und am Unterhang akkumulierten, wurden auf dem Fundplatz Gortz (westliches Brandenburg, Deutschland) durch die Hochschule fĂŒr Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin im Jahr 2016 untersucht.
Konsequente Einzelfundeinmessung ermöglichte die Projizierung aller Funde auf eines der lÀngs zum Hang verlaufenden Profile. Koordinatentransformation der Funde von der Profilansicht in die Draufsicht, ermöglichte die Visualisierung in einem GIS. Die Zusammenfassung benachbarter Schichten auf Basis der bodenkundlich-sedimentologischen Ansprache ermöglichte eine verbesserte Datierung der Kolluvien. ZusÀtzlich ermöglichte diese Methode die Datierung historischer PegelstÀnde der Beetzseekette, eines Teils des Flusssystems der Havel.
Im Ergebnis lieĂen sich fĂŒr die spĂ€tslawische Zeit starke anthropogene AktivitĂ€ten wie Mergelabbau und eine Uferbegradigung nachweisen. Ăber einen Verzahnungshorizont limnischer und kolluvialer Sedimente. lieĂ sich ein Pegelanstieg des Oberen Beetzsees von einem Wert unterhalb von 29.4âm Normalhöhennull (NHN) im 11./12. Jahrhundert u.Z. auf etwa 29.8âm NHN im 13. Jahrhundert u.Z. feststellen. Es lassen sich fĂŒr das 13. Jahrhundert u.Z. jedoch auch vereinzelte Ăberschwemmungsereignisse bis in eine Höhe von 30.5âm NHN fassen.
Ein modernes Kolluvium von einem Meter MÀchtigkeit zeigt die akute GefÀhrdung des Bodendenkmals durch die moderne Landwirtschaft
Selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived xylitol to glycols: reaction network and kinetics
The conversion of bio-based xylitol to ethylene glycol (EG) and propylene glycol (PG) was studied to replace the petrochemical production route and achieve a sustainable process. The reaction network for aqueous-phase catalytic hydrogenolysis of xylitol over a supported Pt catalyst with Ca(OH) 2 as promotor was identified and the reaction kinetics was determined. The effects of reaction conditions such
as educt concentration, H2 pressure, and temperature were investigated. With the developed kinetic model, the composition of the product mixture regarding the desired products (EG, PG) and by-products can be described. The maximum EG yield was achieved at high pressure and low temperature, while high pressure and temperature favored PG production
Why trust? A mixed-method investigation of the origins and meaning of trust during the COVID-19 lockdown in Denmark
Trust is highlighted as central to effective disease management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Denmark seemed to embody this understanding. Characterizing the Danish response were high levels of public compliance with government regulations and restrictions coupled with high trust in the government and other members of society. In this article, we first revisit prior claims about the importance of trust in securing compliant citizen behaviour based on a weekly time-use survey that we conducted during the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic (2 Aprilâ18 May 2020). Analysis of activity episodes, rather than merely self-reported compliance, both reconfirms the importance of institutional trust and nuances prior suggestions of detrimental effects of trust in other citizens. These survey-based results are further augmented through thematic analysis of 21 in-depth interviews with respondents sampled from the survey participants. The qualitative analysis reveals two themes, the first focusing on trust in others in Danish society and the second on the history of trust in Denmark. Both themes are based on narratives layered in cultural, institutional and inter-personal levels and further underline that institutional and social trust are complementary and not countervailing. We conclude by discussing how our analysis suggests pathways towards an increased social contract between governments, institutions and individuals that might be of use during future global emergencies and to the overall functioning of democracies
Antiphase Boundaries Constitute Fast Cation Diffusion Paths in SrTiO3 Memristive Devices
AbstractResistive switching in transition metal oxideâbased metalâinsulatorâmetal structures relies on the reversible drift of ions under an applied electric field on the nanoscale. In such structures, the formation of conductive filaments is believed to be induced by the electricâfield driven migration of oxygen anions, while the cation sublattice is often considered to be inactive. This simple mechanistic picture of the switching process is incomplete as both oxygen anions and metal cations have been previously identified as mobile species under device operation. Here, spectromicroscopic techniques combined with atomistic simulations to elucidate the diffusion and drift processes that take place in the resistive switching model material SrTiO3 are used. It is demonstrated that the conductive filament in epitaxial SrTiO3 devices is not homogenous but exhibits a complex microstructure. Specifically, the filament consists of a conductive Ti3+ârich region and insulating Srârich islands. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the Srârich islands emerge above RuddlesdenâPopper type antiphase boundaries. The role of these extended defects is clarified by molecular static and molecular dynamic simulations, which reveal that the RuddlesdenâPopper antiphase boundaries constitute diffusion fastâpaths for Sr cations in the perovskites structure
Panentheism and the undoing of disenchantment
In this article I draw on historical and conceptual arguments to show, first, that disenchantment and the influential view of the relationship between science and religion to which disenchantment gives rise are rooted in the metaphysics of theism. I then introduce the alternative metaphysical position of panentheism and identify Jungian psychology as an important, if implicit, mid-twentieth-century instance of panentheistic thought. Using the example of Jungian psychology, I demonstrate how the viewpoint of panentheism undoes the implications of disenchantment for the relationship between science and religion, promoting greater opportunities for dialogue and reconciliation between science and religion. I note, however, that these closer relations may depend on understanding science and religion differently from how they are understood under disenchantment. While the original tension between science and religion is eased, another tension â between panentheistic and disenchanted understandings of science and religion â is exposed. I conclude by reflecting on some implications of this discussion for sociology
Efficient Colonization and Therapy of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Using the Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Strain GLV-1h68
Virotherapy using oncolytic vaccinia virus strains is one of the most promising new strategies for cancer therapy. In this study, we analyzed for the first time the therapeutic efficacy of the oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 in two human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HuH7 and PLC/PRF/5 (PLC) in cell culture and in tumor xenograft models. By viral proliferation assays and cell survival tests, we demonstrated that GLV-1h68 efficiently colonized, replicated in, and did lyse these cancer cells in culture. Experiments with HuH7 and PLC xenografts have revealed that a single intravenous injection (i.v.) of mice with GLV-1h68 resulted in a significant reduction of primary tumor sizes compared to uninjected controls. In addition, replication of GLV-1h68 in tumor cells led to strong inflammatory and oncolytic effects resulting in intense infiltration of MHC class II-positive cells like neutrophils, macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells and in up-regulation of 13 pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, GLV-1h68 infection of PLC tumors inhibited the formation of hemorrhagic structures which occur naturally in PLC tumors. Interestingly, we found a strongly reduced vascular density in infected PLC tumors only, but not in the non-hemorrhagic HuH7 tumor model. These data demonstrate that the GLV-1h68 vaccinia virus may have an enormous potential for treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma in man
Reinterpretation of LHC Results for New Physics: Status and recommendations after Run 2
We report on the status of efforts to improve the reinterpretation of searches and measurements at the LHC in terms of models for new physics, in the context of the LHC Reinterpretation Forum. We detail current experimental offerings in direct searches for new particles, measurements, technical implementations and Open Data, and provide a set of recommendations for further improving the presentation of LHC results in order to better enable reinterpretation in the future. We also provide a brief description of existing software reinterpretation frameworks and recent global analyses of new physics that make use of the current data
The Crowdsourced Replication Initiative: Investigating Immigration and Social Policy Preferences. Executive Report.
In an era of mass migration, social scientists, populist parties and social movements raise concerns over the future of immigration-destination societies. What impacts does this have on policy and social solidarity? Comparative cross-national research, relying mostly on secondary data, has findings in different directions. There is a threat of selective model reporting and lack of replicability. The heterogeneity of countries obscures attempts to clearly define data-generating models. P-hacking and HARKing lurk among standard research practices in this area.This project employs crowdsourcing to address these issues. It draws on replication, deliberation, meta-analysis and harnessing the power of many minds at once. The Crowdsourced Replication Initiative carries two main goals, (a) to better investigate the linkage between immigration and social policy preferences across countries, and (b) to develop crowdsourcing as a social science method. The Executive Report provides short reviews of the area of social policy preferences and immigration, and the methods and impetus behind crowdsourcing plus a description of the entire project. Three main areas of findings will appear in three papers, that are registered as PAPs or in process
Spectromicroscopic investigation of local redox processes in resistive switching transition metal oxides
- âŠ