Sensor-based augmented visual feedback for coordination training in healthy adults: a scoping review.

INTRODUCTION Recent advances in sensor technology demonstrate the potential to enhance training regimes with sensor-based augmented visual feedback training systems for complex movement tasks in sports. Sensorimotor learning requires feedback that guides the learning process towards an optimal solution for the task to be learned, while considering relevant aspects of the individual control system-a process that can be summarized as learning or improving coordination. Sensorimotor learning can be fostered significantly by coaches or therapists providing additional external feedback, which can be incorporated very effectively into the sensorimotor learning process when chosen carefully and administered well. Sensor technology can complement existing measures and therefore improve the feedback provided by the coach or therapist. Ultimately, this sensor technology constitutes a means for autonomous training by giving augmented feedback based on physiological, kinetic, or kinematic data, both in real-time and after training. This requires that the key aspects of feedback administration that prevent excessive guidance can also be successfully automated and incorporated into such electronic devices. METHODS After setting the stage from a computational perspective on motor control and learning, we provided a scoping review of the findings on sensor-based augmented visual feedback in complex sensorimotor tasks occurring in sports-related settings. To increase homogeneity and comparability of the results, we excluded studies focusing on modalities other than visual feedback and employed strict inclusion criteria regarding movement task complexity and health status of participants. RESULTS We reviewed 26 studies that investigated visual feedback in training regimes involving healthy adults aged 18-65. We extracted relevant data regarding the chosen feedback and intervention designs, measured outcomes, and summarized recommendations from the literature. DISCUSSION Based on these findings and the theoretical background on motor learning, we compiled a set of considerations and recommendations for the development and evaluation of future sensor-based augmented feedback systems in the interim. However, high heterogeneity and high risk of bias prevent a meaningful statistical synthesis for an evidence-based feedback design guidance. Stronger study design and reporting guidelines are necessary for future research in the context of complex skill acquisition

Newsroom 2.0

Mit der Popularisierung des Web 2.0 als moderner und interaktiver Form der sozialen Nutzung des Internets ging auch ein Phänomen einher, welches die Medienlandschaft zunehmend revolutioniert: User-Generated Content. Bei Weitem aber beschränkt sich die Veröffentlichung von Inhalten, die vom Publikum generiert und produziert werden, nicht mehr auf das Internet. Längst haben auch traditionelle Medien - allen voran das Fernsehen - die Vorteile von User-Generated Content entdeckt. Dessen Integration in klassische Nachrichten kehrt das bisher allgemeingültige Medienprinzip „one-to-many“ um in ein „many-to-many“-Prinzip und liefert den Redaktionen zahlreiche Vorteile. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden die relevanten Aspekte der redaktionellen Integration von User-Generated Content in den östrerreichischen Fernsehnachrichten anhand von vier Experteninterviews mit drei leitenden Redakteuren der „Zeit im Bild“, von „ATV Aktuell“ und „AustriaNews“ sowie mit dem Chefredakteur des neu gegründeten „Onleiner“, das als erstes „Social Newspaper“ seine Kernkompetenz in der Verwertung von User-Generated Content sieht, untersucht. Die Experteninterviews werden im Anschluss mithilfe der Themenanalyse qualitativ ausgewertet und der Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen zugeführt. Welchen Stellenwert hat User-Generated Content in den österreichischen Fernsehnachrichten? Wie wird er derzeit integriert und wie sind die Zukunftsperspektiven? Welche journalistischen Qualitätskriterien und welche klassischen Nachrichtenfaktoren finden auch bei der Bewertung und Selektion von User-Generated Content Anwendung? Welche spezifischen Kriterien können gefunden werden? Welche Probleme - vor allem rechtlicher Natur - gehen damit einer und wo besteht hier dringender Handlungsbedarf seitens der Politik? Antworten auf diese und ähnliche Fragen werden in dieser Arbeit gesucht, gefunden und in einem forschungsrelevanten Zusammenhang dargestellt. Die Forschungsergebnisse verzeichnen unterschiedliche Auffassungen von User-Generated Content in den Redaktionen, erzählen jedoch auch von einer konstant hohen Bedeutung, welche die Chefredakteure nutzergenerierten Inhalten zuweisen. Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen erschweren jedoch den redaktionellen Umgang damit.With the increasing popularity of Web 2.0 and the interactive use of the internet, another phenomen has revolutionized traditional media-structures: user-generated content. But by now the publication of content, which is produced by recipients, is not just limited to the borders of the internet anymore. Traditional media - especially television - have discovered the advantages of user-generated content long ago. It´s integration in classic news inverts the - so far universally valid - „one-to-many“-principle in a new „many-to-many“-principle. This thesis shows relevant aspects of the editorial integration of user-generated content in austrian TV-news. The essential facts for the analysis and answering of research questions are based on four expert interviews with the executive editors of „Zeit im Bild“, „ATV Aktuell“ and „AustriaNews“ as well as the chief editor of the new founded „Onleiner“, which deals with user-generated content in it´s daily business as the first „social newspaper“. How important is user-generated content for the austrian TV-news? In which way is it integrated currently and what are perspectives for the future? Which journalistic quality criteria can be used for evaluating and selecting user-generated content? Which problems – of lawful context in particular – turn up and what are the tasks for the politics? These and similar questions are discussed in this thesis. The results show different conceptions of user-generated content in the editorial offices. They give an impression of how big the impact of user-generated content on traditional media is - but how legal conditions complicate the use of it

Traumatic Events, Social Adversity and Discrimination as Risk Factors for Psychosis - An Umbrella Review

Exposure to childhood trauma is a well-known risk factor for severe mental disorders including schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses. Beyond childhood trauma, there is increasing evidence that bullying, social exclusion, and discrimination during adolescence and adulthood may increase the risk of developing a psychotic disorder, and that such forms of traumatization may also underlie the elevated psychosis risk among migrants or persons with a visible minority status. In this umbrella review, we systematically assess meta-analyses regarding trauma and social adversity. A systematic literature review yielded 11 meta-analyses that met inclusion criteria and could be summarized quantitatively with a random effect model. Furthermore, six meta-analyses were evaluated qualitatively. Heterogeneity and publication bias were apparent in several meta-analyses. We observed that most significant social risk factors for psychosis were vulnerability for racist discrimination [OR = 3.90 (3.25-4.70)], migration [OR = 2.22 (1.75-2.80)], and childhood adversities [OR = 2.81 (2.03-3.83)]. Furthermore, social factors increasing the risk for psychosis were variation/impairment of parental communication, aversive adult life events, bullying, and factors associated with social isolation and discrimination. In spite of these environmental risk factors, there is a lack of evidence regarding treatment of trauma and psychosis, although some psychotherapeutic and art therapy approaches appear to be promising. Beyond individual interventions, stigmatization, racism, and other forms of discrimination need to be targeted to increase solidarity and communal support

Coexistence of diploid and triploid hybrid water frogs: population differences persist in the apparent absence of differential survival

Background: The role of differential selection in determining the geographic distribution of genotypes in hybrid systems has long been discussed, but not settled. The present study aims to asses the importance of selection in structuring all-hybrid Pelophylax esculentus populations. These populations, in which the parental species (P. lessonae with genotype LL and P. ridibundus with genotype RR) are absent, have pond-specific proportions of diploid (LR) and triploid (LLR and LRR) genotypes. Results: With data from 12 Swedish ponds, we first show that in spite of significant changes in genotype proportions over time, the most extreme ponds retained their differences over a six year study period. The uneven distribution of genotypes among ponds could be a consequence of differential selection varying among ponds (selection hypothesis), or, alternatively, of different gamete production patterns among ponds (gamete pattern hypothesis). The selection hypothesis was tested in adults by a six year mark-recapture study in all 12 ponds. As the relative survival and proportion of LLR, LR and LRR did not correlate within ponds, this study provided no evidence for the selection hypothesis in adults. Then, both hypotheses were tested simultaneously in juvenile stages (eggs, tadpoles, metamorphs and one year old froglets) in three of the ponds. A gradual approach to adult genotype proportions through successive stages would support the selection hypotheses, whereas the presence of adult genotype proportions already at the egg stage would support the gamete pattern hypothesis. The result was a weak preference for the gamete pattern hypothesis. Conclusions: These results thus suggest that selection is of little importance for shaping genotype distributions of all-hybrid populations of P. esculentus, but further studies are needed for confirmation. Moreover, the study provided valuable data on genotype-specific body lengths, adult survival and sex ratios

Reimann Brake Ramp for planar flow casting processes and analysis of ribbon gluing

Planar flow casting is a rapid solidification process used to manufacture thin, metallic ribbons, and foil. Liquid metal is forced through a nozzle against a heat-sink wheel, and it rapidly solidifies into thin ribbons. A puddle of molten metal, held by surface tension, forms between the nozzle and wheel. This study examines a well-defined periodic surface defect called herringbone (HB), which is commonly produced when casting zirconium based alloys. The presence of this defect is related to processing conditions and puddle dynamics. Its formation has been correlated with the pinning of the liquid puddle at the nozzle edge. Here, the uniformity of thickness along a ribbon was successfully controlled (over a length of 50 m) using the Reimann Brake Ramp, which reduces the wheel speed at the start of the cast. For the alloy used in this study, the variation in the dimensionless thickness parameter, , with the Euler number () at assigned values of followed an allometric scaling, with an exponent value close to the theoretical value of 1/3. Furthermore, the nozzle inclination was related to the ribbon thickness, , and the ribbon quality. Moreover, a newly developed automatized melt spinner permitted monitoring and controlling of the process parameters, elucidating the gluing phenomenon of the ribbon observed during the starting phase. The ribbon gluing was influenced by the puddle geometry, the recirculation in the puddle, and later, to the ribbon cooling rate. Within these results, high-quality ribbons with control thickness over a considerable length are achieved

Subamorphous thermal conductivity of crystalline half-Heusler superlattices

En publicar-se l'article, l'autor Emigdio Chávez treballa a l'Institut Català de Nanociència i NanotecnologiaThe quest to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit has mainly followed the roadmap of lowering the thermal conductivity while keeping unaltered the power factor of the material. Ideally an electron-crystal phonon-glass system is desired. In this work, we report an extraordinary reduction of the cross-plane thermal conductivity in crystalline (TiNiSn):(HfNiSn) half-Heusler superlattices (SLs). We create SLs with thermal conductivities below the effective amorphous limit, which is kept in a large temperature range (120-300 K). We measured thermal conductivity at room temperature values as low as 0.75 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, the lowest thermal conductivity value reported so far for half-Heusler compounds. By changing the deposition conditions, we also demonstrate that the thermal conductivity is highly impacted by the way the single segments of the SL grow. These findings show a huge potential for thermoelectric generators where an extraordinary reduction of the thermal conductivity is required but without losing the crystal quality of the syste

True Lumen Stabilization to Overcome Malperfusion in Acute Type I Aortic Dissection.

Acute type I aortic dissection (AD) complicated by true lumen (TL) collapse and malperfusion downstream is associated with devastating prognosis. The study reports an institutional mid-term experience with TL stabilization by uncovered stents to restore perfusion as a supplement to proximal thoracic aortic surgery. Between January 2007 and May 2017, 181 out of 270 acute type A AD patients were operated on type I AD. Eighteen uncovered stents (10%) were used to expand the aortic TL in presence of visceral and/or peripheral malperfusion. The procedures took place in a hybrid operating room and were combined with proximal aortic surgery. During follow-up (mean ± standard deviation 3.44 ± 2.1 years), the fate of AD was evaluated by computed tomography. Indication for TL stenting included visceral (44%) or peripheral malperfusion (11%) or both (45%). Stenting of aortic branches followed in 33%. All patients underwent proximal repair and were combined with frozen elephant trunk (67%) or retrograde descending aorta stent grafting (11%). Thirty-day mortality was 16.7%. Two-year survival was 71.8%. The false lumen around the uncovered stents remained patent in 89% and the aortic diameter increased 0.1 cm/y. No intimal rupture or occlusion of arteries occurred. In 1 patient, the stented aortic lumen was visualized after 6.3 years and neointima ingrowth covering the nitinol frame was found. In acute type I AD, combined endovascular-surgical procedures in a hybrid operation room setting can be used safely to resolve distal malperfusion. Encapsulation of uncovered stents within the intimal wall provides a stable fundament for endovascular techniques to close entry tears and false lumen