Preisträgheit und reale Wechselkursdynamik. Die Persistenz realer Wechselkurse in dynamischen stochastischen Gleichgewichtsmodellen

Dieses Arbeitspapier untersucht Erklärungen für das hohe Mass an Persistenz und Volatilität des realen Wechselkurses. Dabei wird dem Ansatz gefolgt, dass die Schwankungen des realen Wechselkurses zurückzuführen sind auf exogene Schocks in Interaktion mit trägen Güterpreisen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dynamischen stochastischen „General Equilibrium“-Modellen, welche nominale Rigiditäten, in Form von träge reagierenden Güterpreisen, und unvollkommenen Wettbewerb in die Modellformulierung integrieren. Ferner gibt dieses Papier einen Überblick über neuere Entwicklungen, ist demnach als „rough guide“ zu verstehen. Die betrachteten Modelle reichen vom Modell von R. Dornbusch (1976) über das Re-dux-Modell von M. Obstfeld und K. Rogoff (1995), das Modell von C. Betts und M. Devereux (2000), das Modell von V.V. Chari, P.J. Kehoe und E.R. McGrattan (2000) bis hin zum Modell von P.R. Bergin und R.C. Feenstra (2001)

Data Management Plan – Level 2

Ablative Fast Pyrolysis (AFP) is the first step in the BioMates-concept to convert herbaceous biomass into co-feed with reliable properties for conventional refineries (www.biomates.eu). The document provides the coding behind the identifiers used for samples and sample blends produced by Fraunhofer UMSICHT via AFP within the H2020-project BioMates.Adobe Acrobat Reade

Preisträgheit und reale Wechselkursdynamik. Die Persistenz realer Wechselkurse in dynamischen stochastischen Gleichgewichtsmodellen

Dieses Arbeitspapier untersucht Erklärungen für das hohe Mass an Persistenz und Volatilität des realen Wechselkurses. Dabei wird dem Ansatz gefolgt, dass die Schwankungen des realen Wechselkurses zurückzuführen sind auf exogene Schocks in Interaktion mit trägen Güterpreisen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dynamischen stochastischen „General Equilibrium“-Modellen, welche nominale Rigiditäten, in Form von träge reagierenden Güterpreisen, und unvollkommenen Wettbewerb in die Modellformulierung integrieren. Ferner gibt dieses Papier einen Überblick über neuere Entwicklungen, ist demnach als „rough guide“ zu verstehen. Die betrachteten Modelle reichen vom Modell von R. Dornbusch (1976) über das Re-dux-Modell von M. Obstfeld und K. Rogoff (1995), das Modell von C. Betts und M. Devereux (2000), das Modell von V.V. Chari, P.J. Kehoe und E.R. McGrattan (2000) bis hin zum Modell von P.R. Bergin und R.C. Feenstra (2001).

Mapping of samples – Fuels from Reliable Bio-based Refinery Intermediates: BioMates, Schulzke et al., 2020, DOI:10.1007/s12649-019-00625-w

In the H2020-project BioMates (www.biomates.eu, Grant Agreement No. 727463), Fraunhofer UMSICHT produced samples from ablative fast pyrolysis (AFP) of herbaceous biomass in a TRL 4-plant. A dedicated document provides identifiers for relevant liquid samples and their blends (DOI: 10.24406/fordatis/156). The document at hand maps it to the AFP-derived substances reported to be used in the article "T. Schulzke, S. Conrad, B. Shumeiko, M. Auersvald, D. Kubička, L. F. J. M. Raymakers; Fuels from Reliable Bio-based Refinery Intermediates: BioMates; Waste and Biomass Valorization (2020) 11:579–598; DOI:10.1007/s12649-019-00625-w", and provides further identifiers for samples not indexed earlier.Read with: Adobe Acrobat Reade

AGO recommendations for the surgical therapy of the axilla after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 2021 Update

For many decades, the standard procedure to treat breast cancer included complete dissection of the axillary lymph nodes. The aim was to determine histological node status, which was then used as the basis for adjuvant therapy, and to ensure locoregional tumour control. In addition to the debate on how to optimise the therapeutic strategies of systemic treatment and radiotherapy, the current discussion focuses on improving surgical procedures to treat breast cancer. As neoadjuvant chemotherapy is becoming increasingly important, the surgical procedures used to treat breast cancer, whether they are breast surgery or axillary dissection, are changing. Based on the currently available data, carrying out SLNE prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended. In contrast, surgical axillary management after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is considered the procedure of choice for axillary staging and can range from SLNE to TAD and ALND. To reduce the rate of false negatives during surgical staging of the axilla in pN+(CNB) stage before NACT and ycN0 after NACT, targeted axillary dissection (TAD), the removal of > 2 SLNs (SLNE, no untargeted axillary sampling), immunohistochemistry to detect isolated tumour cells and micro-metastases, and marking positive lymph nodes before NACT should be the standard approach. This most recent update on surgical axillary management describes the significance of isolated tumour cells and micro-metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the clinical consequences of low volume residual disease diagnosed using SLNE and TAD and provides an overview of this year's AGO recommendations for surgical management of the axilla during primary surgery and in relation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Innate Immune Response of Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Poxvirus Infection Is Subverted by Vaccinia E3 via Its Z-DNA/RNA Binding Domain

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play important roles in antiviral innate immunity by producing type I interferon (IFN). In this study, we assess the immune responses of primary human pDCs to two poxviruses, vaccinia and myxoma virus. Vaccinia, an orthopoxvirus, was used for immunization against smallpox, a contagious human disease with high mortality. Myxoma virus, a Leporipoxvirus, causes lethal disease in rabbits, but is non-pathogenic in humans. We report that myxoma virus infection of human pDCs induces IFN-α and TNF production, whereas vaccinia infection does not. Co-infection of pDCs with myxoma virus plus vaccinia blocks myxoma induction effects. We find that heat-inactivated vaccinia (Heat-VAC; by incubating the virus at 55°C for 1 h) gains the ability to induce IFN-α and TNF in primary human pDCs. Induction of IFN-α in pDCs by myxoma virus or Heat-VAC is blocked by chloroquine, which inhibits endosomal acidification required for TLR7/9 signaling, and by inhibitors of cellular kinases PI3K and Akt. Using purified pDCs from genetic knockout mice, we demonstrate that Heat-VAC-induced type I IFN production in pDCs requires the endosomal RNA sensor TLR7 and its adaptor MyD88, transcription factor IRF7 and the type I IFN feedback loop mediated by IFNAR1. These results indicate that (i) vaccinia virus, but not myxoma virus, expresses inhibitor(s) of the poxvirus sensing pathway(s) in pDCs; and (ii) Heat-VAC infection fails to produce inhibitor(s) but rather produces novel activator(s), likely viral RNA transcripts that are sensed by the TLR7/MyD88 pathway. Using vaccinia gene deletion mutants, we show that the Z-DNA/RNA binding domain at the N-terminus of the vaccinia immunomodulatory E3 protein is an antagonist of the innate immune response of human pDCs to poxvirus infection and TLR agonists. The myxoma virus ortholog of vaccinia E3 (M029) lacks the N-terminal Z-DNA/RNA binding domain, which might contribute to the immunostimulating properties of myxoma virus

Genetic variation at CYP3A is associated with age at menarche and breast cancer risk : a case-control study

Abstract Introduction We have previously shown that a tag single nucleotide polymorphism (rs10235235), which maps to the CYP3A locus (7q22.1), was associated with a reduction in premenopausal urinary estrone glucuronide levels and a modest reduction in risk of breast cancer in women age ≤50 years. Methods We further investigated the association of rs10235235 with breast cancer risk in a large case control study of 47,346 cases and 47,570 controls from 52 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Genotyping of rs10235235 was conducted using a custom Illumina Infinium array. Stratified analyses were conducted to determine whether this association was modified by age at diagnosis, ethnicity, age at menarche or tumor characteristics. Results We confirmed the association of rs10235235 with breast cancer risk for women of European ancestry but found no evidence that this association differed with age at diagnosis. Heterozygote and homozygote odds ratios (ORs) were OR = 0.98 (95% CI 0.94, 1.01; P = 0.2) and OR = 0.80 (95% CI 0.69, 0.93; P = 0.004), respectively (P trend = 0.02). There was no evidence of effect modification by tumor characteristics. rs10235235 was, however, associated with age at menarche in controls (P trend = 0.005) but not cases (P trend = 0.97). Consequently the association between rs10235235 and breast cancer risk differed according to age at menarche (P het = 0.02); the rare allele of rs10235235 was associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk for women who had their menarche age ≥15 years (ORhet = 0.84, 95% CI 0.75, 0.94; ORhom = 0.81, 95% CI 0.51, 1.30; P trend = 0.002) but not for those who had their menarche age ≤11 years (ORhet = 1.06, 95% CI 0.95, 1.19, ORhom = 1.07, 95% CI 0.67, 1.72; P trend = 0.29). Conclusions To our knowledge rs10235235 is the first single nucleotide polymorphism to be associated with both breast cancer risk and age at menarche consistent with the well-documented association between later age at menarche and a reduction in breast cancer risk. These associations are likely mediated via an effect on circulating hormone levels

BioMates - Probenzuordnung - Deliverables in Arbeitspaket 1: Neuartiges Pyrolyseöl aus Biomasse ohne Futter- und Nahrungskonkurrenz

In the H2020-project BioMates (www.biomates.eu, Grant Agreement No. 727463), Fraunhofer UMSICHT produced samples from ablative fast pyrolysis of herbaceous biomass in a TRL 4-plant. A dedicated document provides identifiers for relevant liquid samples and their blends (DOI: 10.24406/fordatis/156). The document at hand maps it to the substances reported to be used in the deliverables connected to Work Package 1 “Novel pyrolysis oil from non-food/feed biomass” of the BioMates-project.Read with: Adobe Acrobat Reade

Preisträgheit und reale Wechselkursdynamik. Die Persistenz realer Wechselkurse in dynamischen stochastischen Gleichgewichtsmodellen

Dieses Arbeitspapier untersucht Erklärungen für das hohe Mass an Persistenz und Volatilität des realen Wechselkurses. Dabei wird dem Ansatz gefolgt, dass die Schwankungen des realen Wechselkurses zurückzuführen sind auf exogene Schocks in Interaktion mit trägen Güterpreisen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dynamischen stochastischen „General Equilibrium“-Modellen, welche nominale Rigiditäten, in Form von träge reagierenden Güterpreisen, und unvollkommenen Wettbewerb in die Modellformulierung integrieren. Ferner gibt dieses Papier einen Überblick über neuere Entwicklungen, ist demnach als „rough guide“ zu verstehen. Die betrachteten Modelle reichen vom Modell von R. Dornbusch (1976) über das Re-dux-Modell von M. Obstfeld und K. Rogoff (1995), das Modell von C. Betts und M. Devereux (2000), das Modell von V.V. Chari, P.J. Kehoe und E.R. McGrattan (2000) bis hin zum Modell von P.R. Bergin und R.C. Feenstra (2001)