Current Mode Control of a Series LC Converter Supporting Constant Current, Constant Voltage (CCCV)

This paper introduces a control algorithm for soft-switching series LC converters. The conventional voltage-to-voltage controller is split into a master and a slave controller. The master controller implements constant current, constant voltage (CCCV) control, required for demanding applications, for example, lithium battery charging or laboratory power supplies. It defines the set-current for the open-loop current slave controller, which generates the pulse width modulation (PWM) parameters. The power supply achieves fast large-signal responses, e.g., from 5 V to 24 V, where 95% of the target value is reached in less than 400 s. The design is evaluated extensively in simulation and on a prototype. A match between simulation and measurement is achieved

Calibration of the CMS hadron calorimeters using proton-proton collision data at root s=13 TeV

Methods are presented for calibrating the hadron calorimeter system of theCMSetector at the LHC. The hadron calorimeters of the CMS experiment are sampling calorimeters of brass and scintillator, and are in the form of one central detector and two endcaps. These calorimeters cover pseudorapidities vertical bar eta vertical bar ee data. The energy scale of the outer calorimeters has been determined with test beam data and is confirmed through data with high transverse momentum jets. In this paper, we present the details of the calibration methods and accuracy.Peer reviewe

Charge-Assisted Hydrogen-Bonded Networks of NH4+ and [Co(NH3)6]3+ with the New Linker Anion of 4-Phosphono-Biphenyl-4′-Carboxylic Acid

The new linker molecule 4-phosphono-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid (H2O3P-(C6H4)2-COOH, H3BPPA) has been structurally elucidated in hydrogen-bonded networks with the ammonium cation NH4(H2BPPA)(H3BPPA) (1) and the hexaamminecobalt(III) cation [Co(NH3)6](BPPA)·4H2O (2). The protic O-H and N-H hydrogen atoms were found and refined in the low-temperature single-crystal X-ray structures. The hydrogen bonds in both structures are so-called charge-assisted; that is, the H-bond donor and/or acceptor carry positive and/or negative ionic charges, respectively. The H-bonded network in 1 consists of one formally mono-deprotonated 4-phosphonato-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid group; that is, a H2BPPA− anion and a neutral H3BPPA molecule, which together form a 3D hydrogen-bonded network. However, an almost symmetric resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) bond [O···H = 1.17 (3) and 1.26 (3) Å, O···H···O = 180 (3)°] signals charge delocalization between the formal H2BPPA− anion and the formally neutral H3BPPA molecule. Hence, the anion in 1 is better formulated as [H2BPPA···H···H2BPPA]−. In the H-bonded network of 2 the 4-phosphonato-biphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid is triply deprotonated, BPPA3−. The [Co(NH3)6]3+ cation is embedded between H-bond acceptor groups, –COO− and –PO3− and H2O molecules. The incorporation of sixteen H2O molecules per unit cell makes 2 an analogue of the well-studied guanidinium sulfonate frameworks