Suplementasi β-glucan dari ragi roti (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dalam pakan terhadap aktivitas fagositosis, aktivitas NBT, total protein plasma dan aktivitas aglutinasi darah ikan nila (Orechromis niloticus)

Abstract. Tilapia is an important fisheries comodity which intesively farmed in Indonesia. However, an intensive farming system of aquatic organism often lead to disease outbreak. Ones the disease emerged, it will be difficult to combat. The curing method by using antibiotics in aquatic organism will bring negative impacts, such as causing bacteria resistance and decline of aquatic environments. Therefore control of disease in aquatic organism should be done through preventive methods such as the use of β-glucan from baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). It is widely known that yeast’ cell wall contain of immunostimulant substance namely β-glucan. This research was aimed to find the effect of different dose of β-glucan in diet toward the phagocytic activity, respiratory burst which is indicated by Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) activity, total of protein plasm and agglutination activity of tilapia blood. Method used in this study was experiment by complete random design using five treatments triplicate. Those treatments were β-glucan 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5 and 10 ppmkg-1 diet. Result showed that the different dose of β-glucan in diet gave a significantly effect on the phagocytic activity and total of protein plasm, but not on respiratory burst (NBT activity). The highest phagocytic activity occured in treatment E (β-glucan 10 ppmkg-1 diet) with the value of phagocytic activity was 37,67%, whereas the highest of total of protein plasm was occured in treatment B (β-glucan 2,5 ppmkg-1 diet) with the value of 123,58 mgml-1. Keywords : Baker’s yeast, β-glucan, phagocytic and agglutination activity, NBT activity, total of protein plas

EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN RAGI DAN PUPUK TERHADAP KADAR ALKOHOL BIOETANOL DENGAN BAHAN BAKU JAMBU CITRA

Improvement of bioethanol production using various raw materials had been developed. Jambu citra is one of the raw materials abundantly available. Least of infornation concering the production treatment to provide qualified bioethanol product becomes the problem in optimizing thee productivity of bioethanol. This research aimed to study the alcohol concentration produced from bioethanol production using jambi citra wastes and to study the optimum composition of yeast and fertilizer to produce bioethanol with good alcohol concentration. This research was conducted through experiment including treatment of congrol (without yeast and fertilizer), 1R1P (45 gr yeast + 45 gr fertilizer), 2R1P (90 gr yeast + 45 gr fertilizer), 1R2P (45 gr yeast + 90 gr fertilizer), dan 2R2P (90 gr yeast + 90 gr fertilizer) for each 100 gr of jambu citra samples and 3 days of fermentation period. The result showed that alcohol concentration of each treatment was 2,2% (control); 5,3% (1R1P); 6,7% (2R1P); 5,3% (1R2P); dan 4,0% (2R2P). To extract bioethanol resulted from the fermentation process, the extraction periods required for each treatment was 80.3 minutes; 71.3 minutes; 70.7 minutes; 62.0 minutes and 85.0 minutes for treatment control, 1R1P, 2R1P, 1R2P dan 2R2P respectively. The volume of alcohol resulted from each treatments was 5.0 ml; 11.7 ml; 7.8 ml; 11.6 ml dan 8.5 ml. The combination of yeast and fertilizer required to optimize the production of bioethanol from 100 gr of jambu citra wastes was by adding 45 gr of yeast and 90 gr of fertilizer

BAHAN AJAR APRESIASI PUISI UNTUK SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA DENGAN PENDEKATAN QUANTUM LEARNING ( Penelitian Pengembangan di SMP Negeri 10 Surakarta)

Sri Mulyani Dwi Hastuti. 2008. The Poem Appreciation Teaching Materials for the Junior High School Using the Quantum Learning Approach (The Development Research in SMP Negeri 10 Surakarta) Thesis. The Postgraduate Program of the Indonesian Department (S2) of the Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. The poem appreciation learning is a part of the literature appreciation learning. The core of poem learning is a process of identifying, understanding, appreciating and creating a poem of the students in teacher’s facilitating in the learning process. The objectives of the learning poem effectively, efficiently and attractively are the providing of books or any kinds of teaching materials that are in line with the curriculum goal and the students need. The main weakness of the poem appreciation learning today is the lack of teaching materials. The objectives of this research are; (1) formulating the need of the materials of the poem appreciation for students and teachers of SMP Negeri 10 Surakarta. (2) developing the model of the poem appreciation teaching materials to become the book of the poem appreciation teaching using the quantum learning approach. (3) describing the acceptability of the poem appreciation teaching book using the quantum learning approach to the stakeholders. (4) determining the influence of the using of the poem appreciation teaching materials using the quantum learning approach on the students’ poem application ability. This research is developing research which is formed in operational research. It is oriented in the developing products in the form of teaching materials. Procedurally, this research is carried out through (1) introduction study; (2) development stage; (3) testing model; (4) product dissemination in the form of the poem appreciation teaching materials for SMP Negeri 10 Surakarta students using the quantum learning approach. The result of the research can be concluded as follows. First, The introduction study found the teachers and students needs of the poem appreciation teaching materials in junior high school. The need that must be immediately fulfilled is the availability teaching materials which are attractive, various, interesting and suitable to the students’ age. Second, the developing stage is the effort to create a model of the poem appreciation teaching materials using the quantum learning approach by creating a poem appreciation teaching materials which are attractive, various, interesting and suitable to the students’ age. Third, the limited field experiment produced the poem appreciation learning material that is adequate to become a model. It is adequate because it is line with the educative interaction criteria based on the Classroom Guidance School (SGS), the development based on the broad try out held in 3 classes with viii 120 samples and got the result that this model can develop poem competence secondary school students significantly. Fourth, the using of the poem appreciation teaching materials through the quantum learning approach influenced the ability of poem appreciation of class VIII SMP Negeri 10 Surakarta students

PROSES BERPIKIR SISWA BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERAGA

This study aims to describe the thinking process of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) students in solving mathematical problems using teaching aids. This research is a qualitative research that uses a descriptive research methodology. The subjects of this study were students at one of the Special Schools (SLB) in Cirebon City as many as 3 ADHD students who had received learning using visual aids. Then the subject selection technique used purposive sampling technique. The main instrument in this research is the researcher himself. Auxiliary instrument in this research is math problem in essay form. Data collection techniques using interview and test techniques. The data analysis techniques in this study consist of: (1) classifying the data, (2) presenting the data, and (3) concluding the data that has been obtained. The results showed that the thinking processes of ADHD students: (1) ADHD students can form understanding when answering questions about flat shapes; (2) ADHD students are not able to repeat the answers that have been obtained; (3) ADHD students are unable to use other strategies in solving given math problems; (4) ADHD students are not able to give reasons for the answers that have been obtained on the written answer sheet; and (5) ADHD students cannot give the correct conclusion on the answers that have been obtained

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Semai Bakau Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. Pada Komposisi Media Tanam yang Berbeda

Pembibitan mangrove di luar habitat aslinya dibutuhkan dalam mendukung konservasi mangrove, khususnya Rhizophora mucronata. Media tanam merupakan faktor penting dalam pembibitan atau pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata. Komposisi media tanam yang sesuai akan menghasilkan struktur, porositas, drainase dan aerasi tanah terbaik untuk optimasi pertumbuhan semai mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata pada media tanam pasir, lumpur dan arang organik dengan komposisi yang berbeda dan mengetahui komposisi media tanam yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan semai tertinggi. Propagul R. mucronata ditanam pada campuran media pasir, lumpur dan arang organik dengan komposisi masing-masing adalah 3:3:1 (K1), 3:1:3 (K2), 1:3:3 (K3). Pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata yaitu: persentase kelangsungan hidup, peningkatan tinggi tanaman, peningkatan berat segar semai, jumlah akar, panjang akar, pola pertumbuhan plumula, waktu pembukaan daun pertama, jumlah daun dan diameter batang semai diamati setelah 9 minggu penanaman propagul. Semai dapat hidup dan bertahan pada semua campuran media semai. Pertumbuhan semai tertinggi yaitu: panjang akar, panjang plumula, pembukaan daun pertama, jumlah daun, persentase peningkatan tinggi batang dan diameter batang terjadi pada campuran media K2. Pertumbuhan semai terendah secara signifikan terdapat pada campuran media K1 dan K3. Campuran media dengan pembentukan struktur tanah yang baik mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai R. mucronata.  Mangrove nurseries outside their natural habitat were needed to support mangrove conservation, especially Rhizophora mucronata. The planting medium was essential in the nursery or growth of R. mucronata seedlings. The composition of the appropriate planting medium would produce the best soil structure, porosity, drainage and aeration to optimize the growth of mangrove seedlings. This study aims to determine the growth response of R. mucronata seedlings on sand, mud, and organic charcoal planting media with different compositions and to determine the composition of the planting medium that produces the highest seedling growth. Propagules of R. mucronata were planted in a mixture of sand, mud, and organic charcoal media with compositions of 3:3:1 (K1), 3:1:3 (K2), and 1:3:3 (K3), respectively. The growth of R. mucronata seedlings was: percentage of survival, increase in plant height, increase in seedling fresh weight, number of roots, root length, plumula growth pattern, time of first leaf opening, number of leaves and stem diameter of seedlings observed after nine weeks of propagules planting. Seedlings could live and survive in all seedling media mixes. The highest growth of seedlings, namely: root length, plumula length, first leaf opening, number of leaves, and the percentage increase in stem height and diameter, occurred in the K2 media mixture. The lowest seedling growth significantly was found in the K1 and K3 media mixture. Mixed media with the formation of good soil structure could increase the growth of R. mucronata seedlings

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN PROBIOTIK YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP RESPON IMUN IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepinus) PADA BUDIDAYA SISTEM INTENSIF

Lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) adalah spesies budidaya yang digemari masyarakat Indonesia dan memiliki potensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Budidaya ikan lele secara intensif yang saat ini banyak dikembangkan memiliki faktor resiko munculnya penyakit. Penyakit ini dapat menghambat keberhasilan budidaya lele, salah satu penyakitnya yaitu disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penyakit bakteri pada kegiatan budidaya ikan sudah menjadi masalah yang sering dihadapi pembudidaya. Salah satu jenis bakteri yang menyebabkan penyakit pada ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) adalah bakteri Aeromonas hydrophilla. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian probiotik yang berbeda terhadap respon imun ikan lele sangkuriang pada budidaya sistem intensif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Perikanan Fakultas Pertanian dan Peternakan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang selama 40 hari.  Ikan lele sangkuriang diberikan perlakuan perbedaan probiotik yang dicampur pada pakan untuk memaksimalkan efektivitas terhadap imunitas ikan lele sangkuriang. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancangnan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan P1 (kontrol) tanpa menggunakan probiotik, perlakuan P2 menggunakan probiotik dengan merk EM4, perlakuan P3 dengan merk probiotik Raja Lele dan perlakuan P4 dengan merk probiotik Minaraya. Parameter yang diamati antara lain survival rate, total eritrosit, total leukosit, hematokrit, aktifitas fagositosis dan kualitas air yaitu suhu, pH dan DO. Hasil data dianalisis ANOVA menggunakan software Excel, didapatkan hasil berbeda nyata. Hasil tertinggi pada setiap parameter antara lain, parameter SR perlakuan P3 dengan nilai 85,73±0,36%, total eritrosit perlakuan P3 dengan nilai 273 104 sel/mm3, total leukosit perlakuan P3 110,16  103 sel/mm3, hematokrit perlakuan P3 dengan nilai 29,9±0,91%, AF perlakuan P3 dengan nilai 66±1,63%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa probiotik yang memberikan respon imun terbaik adalah pada perlakuan P3 (Raja Lele)

THE EFFECTIVE VOLUME OF WATER IN SEVERAL TYPES OF SOIL FOR THE GROWTH OF Mucuna bracteata

The aim of this research was to determine the effective volume of water in several types of soil for the growth of Mucuna bracteata. This research was conducted at the Education and Research Garden (KP-2) of the Stiper Agricultural Institute located in Maguwoharjo, Sleman, DIY. This study uses factorial experiments arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors and five replications. The first factor was the volume of water spray/day/plant consisting of four volume levels, namely: 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml and 200 ml. The second factor was the type of soil consisting of three types of soil, namely : regosol, latosol and grumusol. The results of the research data were analyzed using variance (Analysis of variance) at a real level of 5%. Data that is significantly different is continued with Duncan's multiple distance test or DMRT (Duncan multiple range test) at a real level of 5%. The results showed that there was no good combination of the volume of water and soil type on the growth of Mucuna bracteata. The volume of 50 ml / plant water was sufficient to produce good Mucuna bracteata plant growth. Mucuna bracteata plants can grow in regosol, latosol, and grumusol soil types.Keywords: volume, water, soil type, Mucuna bracteat

Science and Technology in Manufacture of Oyster Mushroom Seedlings

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) currently are in high demand because of their good taste and very high protein content. This nutritious and healthy food source make oyster mushrooms a preferable commodity in meeting food needs. It can be marked by the growing demand for oyster mushrooms while oyster mushroom production has not been able to meet the needs of the market, especially mushroom farmers in North Sumatra began to go from just farming by starting from a baglog that was ready to harvest, to providing its own seedlings. Farmers are expected to be able to produce initial seeds directly from fresh mushrooms that have commercial values. This program provides knowledge to farmers on how to develop seeds from fresh mushrooms to produce F-0, F-1, F-2 F-3 and finally baglog. Socialization, live demonstrations and interviews have been conducted by the team. Techniques for obtaining good seedlings by working with aseptic culture techniques and sterilization of growing media have also been given briefly to farmers. This program is expected that farmers have skills in producing seeds with subculture methods, as well as gain knowledge on using sterilization and aseptic techniques to be able to produce good and quality seeds

KEEFEKTIFAN IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 PADA PEMBELAJARAN AKUNTAN-SI DI SMK NEGERI 1 KLATEN

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research are to investigate: (1) the effectiveness of the learning planning in the 2013 curriculum implementation in the accounting learning; (2) the effectiveness of the learning pro-cess in the 2013 curriculum implementation in the accounting learning; and (3) the effectiveness of the learning result assessment in the 2013 curriculum implementation in the accounting learning. This re-search used the descriptive research method. Its population was all of the teachers and students of ac-counting expertise programs of vocational high schools of Klaten. Its samples were the teachers and stu-dents of accounting expertise program of state vocational high school 1 of Klaten. They were determined by using the purposive sampling technique. The data of learning planning, implementation, and assess-ment were collected through questionnaire, observation, and documentation. They were analyzed by us-ing the descriptive quantitative method. The results of research are as follows: Firstly, the 2013 curricu-lum implementation in the accounting learning planning is very effective with the score of 41.33. Sec-ondly, the 2013 curriculum implementation in the accounting learning process (implementation) is effec-tive with the score of 38.26. Finally, the 2013 curriculum implementation in the Accounting learning as-sessment is effective with the score of skor 35.Keywords: effectiveness 2013 curriculum, accounting learning, vocational high schoolABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) keefektifan perencanaan pembelajaran dalam imple-mentasi kurikulum 2013 pada pembelajaran akuntansi; (2) keefektifan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran dalam implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada pembelajaran akuntansi; dan (3) keefektifan penilaian hasil belajar dalam implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada pembelajaran akuntansi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru dan siswa di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan paket keahlian akuntansi di Klaten. Sam-pel yang terpilih adalah guru dan siswa SMK N 1 Klaten dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Pengumpulan data perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan teknik angket, observasi serta dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut ini. Per-tama, implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada bagian perencanaan pembelajaran akuntansi sudah pada krite-ria sangat efektif dengan skor 41,33. Kedua, implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada bagian pelaksanaan pembelajaran akuntansi sudah pada kriteria efektif dengan skor 38,26. Ketiga, implementasi kurikulum 2013 pada bagian penilaian pembelajaran akuntansi sudah pada kriteria efektif dengan skor 35.Kata Kunci : keefektifan kurikulum 2013, pembelajaran akuntansi, SM

Produksi Biomassa Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon cablin) yang Ditanam pada Intensitas Cahaya yang Berbeda

Patchouli oil is found in all vegetative part of Pogostemon cablin. Therefore, a high biomass is important to increase production of patchouli oil. Biomass production is on of plant growth indicator. Plant growth is a effected by genetic and environmental factor. Light intensity will effect to chlorophyl syntesis, photosynthetic rate, transpiration and hormonal balance. The aim of this research is to study effect of light intensity on biomass production of Pogostemon cablin. Design of research is CRD (Complete Randomized Design), with one factor which is light intensity. There were difference of light intensity that use as treatments. These are : 96 LUX, 340 LUX and 780 LUX. Each treatment was replicated five times. Result indicated that, light intensity affect biomass production of Pogostemon cablin. At light intensity of 96 LUX, biomass productions is the most optimum. An increase of light intensity, biomass production of Pogostemon cablin is reduction. Key words : biomass, Pogostemon cablin, light intensity