Using autoregressive models (VAR) to measure and analyze the impact of net foreign investments on the economic variables of sustainable development in Sudan (1990 – 2017)

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استخدام نماذج الانحدار الذاتي VAR في قياس وتحليل أثر صافي الاستثمارات الأجنبية على المتغيرات الاقتصادية للتنمية المستدامة في السودان (1990 – 2017م) ومن اختبار ديكي فولر اتضح أن المتغيرات مستقرة عند المستوى عند مستوى معنوية 5%، كذلك أوضح اختبار جوهانسون للتكامل المشترك أنه يوجد متجه واحد للتكامل ومن خلال نتائج الانحدار الذاتي VAR اتضح أن الاستثمارات الأجنبية للفترات السابقة والحالية لم يكن بالشكل المطلوب. لذلك أوصت الدراسة بإزالة كافة العقبات الداخلية التي تواجه الاستثمار والمستثمرين من إجراءات وقوانين وبنى تحتية وخدمات لجذب استثمارات أكثر.The study aims at using the model of self regression VAR in measuring and analyzing the effect of foreign investments on the economical changes on the sustainable development in Sudan(1990-2017), and from Dicky Foller's test appeared that the variables are stable at the level of 5% significant, also Johanson's test of joint integration showed that there is one direction to integration and through the results of self regression VAR appeared that the foreign investments in  the past and present was not as required. For that, the study recommended to removing all the internal obstacles facing the investment and the investors from procedures, rules, infrastructures, and services to attract more investments

Metabolism of goniothalamin in animal and microbial system

Of the twenty microorganisms screened for metabolism of goniothalamin only Streptomyces aurofaciens ATCC 10762 and Nocardia species NRRL 5646 produced two metabolites, 3,4-dihydrogoniothalamin and 3,4,7,8 tetrahydrogoniothalamin. The identity of the isolated metabolites were established using TLC, HPLC, MS, IR, and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the substrate had been transformed into two unknown metabolites by Aspergillus niger ATCC 11394 and Septomyxa affinis ATCC 6737 in low yield. Three of the metabolites were also detected and identified in the urine and blood samples of the goniothalamin-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. The obtained results are in agreement with and support the principle of microbial models of mammalian metabolism

Risk factors and birth prevalence of birth defects and inborn errors of metabolism in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Birth defects and inborn errors of metabolism are related to variable poor perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Our aim was to explore the pattern and prevalence of birth defects and metabolic birth errors in Al-Ahsa Governorate in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This retrospective case control study was done from April 2006 to 2009. Children with any birth defect or metabolic errors of metabolism at birth or in the neonatology section were our sample for study. Control group was randomly selected from the cases with normal live births. Blood tests were performed for children suspected to suffer from genetic blood disorders. The principal BD as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) code was also noted. RESULTS: Out of 38001 live births, birth defects were found in 1.14% and errors of metabolism were detected in 0.17%. The most common birth defects were craniofacial malformations. The 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency was the most common inborn errors of metabolism. Consanguinity, rural residence and prematurity were associated with significant rise in BDs. On the other hand, consanguinity and low birth weight were associated with significant rise in metabolic errors. CONCLUSION: First cousins consanguinity represented the most significant risk factor for birth defects and inborn errors of metabolism. High degree of inbreeding, consanguinity may exacerbate underlying recessive genetic risk factors

Flash Fiction from North Africa

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The Effect of Area Reduction of Forward Die on the Combined Forward- Backward Extrusion Process

The effect of reduction area for flat and conical dies in forward-backward extrusion process was investigated experimentally using flat punches with three reduction areas (0.305,0.444,0.605), 0.444 with cone angles (60o,90o,120o) and polygonal punches (hexagonal and square).Three reduction areas of dies (0.395, 0.555, 0.691) are used. The results show that the extrusion load is effected with reduction area of flat dies more than conical dies when using cone and flat punches while the reduction area of conical dies affected with square punch more than hexagonal punch and this result was inversed with flat dies. The relative extrusion pressure P/ increases when the reduction area of conical and flat dies increases too for all punches, but this result contrasts with the square punch at conical dies.The less value of max. stress was found with cone punch of prism angle 120o among cone punches for conical dies except the die of reduction area (0.555) and the cone punch of 90o prism angle gave less max. stress with all flat dies. Flat punch of reduction area (0.444) among the flat punches gave less value of max. stress with all conical dies and flat die of reduction area (0.691)

Organizational Excellence as the Driver for Organizational Performance: A Study on Dubai Police

This study was set up to examine the effect of organizational excellence on organizational performance. A questionnaire survey was employed to collect the data from Dubai Police departments. Two hundred fifty questionnaires were distributed and one hundred seventy five were returned completely filled. To analyze the data collected, Partial Least Square (PLS) structural Equation Modelling was employed. Based in the statistical results, the effect of organizational excellence on organizational performance was confirmed. The results of this study have different theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this study closes the gap in the previous literature in terms of the few studies examine empirically the casual effect of organizational excellence on organizational performance in public organization. Practically, this study increases the awareness on managers, decision makers, and practitioners about the significant of excellence when implementing their strategies and practices

The preventive effects of natural adjuvants, G2 and G2F on tracheal responsiveness and serum IL-4 and IFN-? (th1/th2 balance) in sensitized guinea pigs

OBJECTIVE: The effects of natural adjuvants on lung inflammation and tracheal responsiveness were examined in sensitized guinea pigs. METHODS: The responses of guinea pig tracheal chains and the serum levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma were examined in control pigs and three other groups of guinea pigs: the sensitized group and two other sensitized groups treated with either adjuvant G2 or adjuvant G2F (n = 7 for each group). Sensitization of the animals was achieved by injection and inhalation of ovalbumin. RESULTS: The results showed that sensitized animals had increased tracheal responsiveness and increased serum levels of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma compared to controls (

Bioassay-guided isolation of deoxypodophyllotoxin, the cytotoxic constituent of Juniperus chinensis

The ethanol extract from the leaves of Juniperus chinensis was found to be cytotoxic towards HeLa cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOAc soluble faction directed by the microtitration cytotoxic assay revealed that the cytotoxic compound was deoxypodophyllotoxin. All the tumour cell lines tested (KU8112F-chronic mylogeneous leukemia, TK 10-renal carcinoma, UACC 62-melanoma and CEM-SS - T-lymphoblastic leukemia) were found to be susceptible to deoxypodophyllotoxin, however, the minimum effective concentration (MEC) required to reduce the cell population by 100 percent was different between cell lines