Accounting for the Specious Present: A Defense of Enactivism

I argue that conscious visual experience is essentially a non-representational demonstration of a skill. The explication and defense of this position depends on both phenomenological and empirical considerations. The central phenomenological claim is this: as a matter of human psychology, it is impossible to produce a conscious visual experience of a mind-independent object that is sufficiently like typical cases, without including concomitant proprioceptive sensations of the sort of extra-neural behavior that allows us to there and then competently detect such objects. I then argue that this view, which is a version of enactivism, best explains the temporality of conscious experience—what is often called the specious present

Against the Conditional Correctness of Scepticism

Stroud has argued for many years that skepticism is conditionally correct. We cannot, he claims, both undergo a Cartesian-style examination of the extent of our knowledge as well as avoid skepticism. One reason Stroud's position appears quite plausible is the so-called "totality condition" imposed for this kind of examination: as inquiring philosophers we are called upon to assess all of our knowledge, all at once. However, in this paper I argue that Stroud's apparent understanding of the totality condition is mistaken. Evidently, Stroud thinks that honoring the totality condition amounts to imposing the strong requirement that we initially assume that we don't know anything about external reality. However, there is a weaker requirement available: that we initially not assume that we know anything about external reality. I argue i) that the weaker conception of the totality condition is most suitable for the kind of philosophical examination that Stroud seems to have in mind; and ii) that according to this same conception skepticism is not conditionally correct

The Analytical Interpretation of Classical Alice in Wonderland in the Movie Adaptations of Walt Disney (1951) and Tim Burton (2010) Through a Feminist Perspective and Symbolism

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-wide known, fictional, British children’s book with its fantastical tales and riddles by Lewis Carroll. Being translated into more than 174 languages, it has also been the source of inspiration for some famous studios like Walt Disney and movie directors like Tim Burton. In Walt Disney’s adaptation (1951), the audience witnesses an Alice who is a courteous and curious child having a vast and vivid world of imagination with her neat and clean, blue-white dress. The characterization of Alice is very much similar to the book in terms of reflecting the time in which the book was written. Alice is a smart girl who is both educated according to the fashion of her time and different with her creativeness when it comes to dreaming of a “wonderland” that is full of nonsense when compared to the tedious mindset of the society in which she lives. On the other hand, Alice in Wonderland (2010) is transformed into a real masterpiece by the 21st century-movie director Tim Burton. He remains loyal to the characters; however, he presents a young, energetic Alice with a great imagination as usual. She is bolder, more independent, stronger both in mind and soul, and more feminist. In the movie, while she is considered to be mature enough to get married according to the norms and customs of 19th century England, she ends up as a dragon slaying heroine in underland. So, this paper aims to analyse how classical Alice in Wonderland is interpreted in the movie adaptations by Walt Disney (1951) and Tim Burton (2010) through a feminist perspective and symbolism

The Analytical Interpretation of Classical Alice in Wonderland in the Movie Adaptations of Walt Disney (1951) and Tim Burton (2010) Through a Feminist Perspective and Symbolism

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-wide known, fictional, British children’s book with its fantastical tales and riddles by Lewis Carroll. Being translated into more than 174 languages, it has also been the source of inspiration for some famous studios like Walt Disney and movie directors like Tim Burton. In Walt Disney’s adaptation (1951), the audience witnesses an Alice who is a courteous and curious child having a vast and vivid world of imagination with her neat and clean, blue-white dress. The characterization of Alice is very much similar to the book in terms of reflecting the time in which the book was written. Alice is a smart girl who is both educated according to the fashion of her time and different with her creativeness when it comes to dreaming of a “wonderland” that is full of nonsense when compared to the tedious mindset of the society in which she lives. On the other hand, Alice in Wonderland (2010) is transformed into a real masterpiece by the 21st century-movie director Tim Burton. He remains loyal to the characters; however, he presents a young, energetic Alice with a great imagination as usual. She is bolder, more independent, stronger both in mind and soul, and more feminist. In the movie, while she is considered to be mature enough to get married according to the norms and customs of 19th century England, she ends up as a dragon slaying heroine in underland. So, this paper aims to analyse how classical Alice in Wonderland is interpreted in the movie adaptations by Walt Disney (1951) and Tim Burton (2010) through a feminist perspective and symbolism

Investigation of Organic Solvents’ Effects on Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Biomass Conversion in Subcritical Water

Kenaf biomass was hydrolyzed under subcritical water conditions in the presence of various organic solvents. The solvents tested were tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, xylene (mixed isomers) and methanol. The organic compounds released into hydrolysates, total organic contents, water-soluble total phenols, and the molecular weight distributions of the polysaccharides in the hydrolysates, solid residues leftover after hydrolysis and gaseous products formed during the solubilization process were determined. The results showed that organic solvents significantly enhanced the dissolution of kenaf biomass (methanol \u3c (omp)xylene ≤ acetone ~ tetrahydrofuran). The hydrolysis percentage was found to be between 75-82% depending on the type of the solvent. Hydrolysis yield and total organic carbons released into hydrolysates highly differed when the solubilization process was performed under carbon dioxide pressure and this effect considerably varied based on the type of solvent used in hydrolysis process. The main gas product formed during hydrolysis process was carbon dioxide with ~80% composition. Morphological measurements of the solid biomass residues left after hydrolysis showed substantial degradations with increasing number of pores on the biomass surfaces

The evaluation of apicectomy without retrograde filling in terms of lesion size localization and approximation to the anatomic structures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of the patients who underwent apical resection. Besides assess the classification of resection side, localization, lesion size, approximation of anatomic structures and the purpose of the apical surgery retrospectively. In this stutdy 782 patients and 1191 apical resection applied tooth evaluated. 504 of the patients were famale and 278 were male. Patients age was between 13 and 76 years old and operated between January 2016 and January 2017. The study includes incisor, canine and premolar teeth which had the apical resection as the first time. Operation side evaluated from orthopantomograph and periapical radiographs. There were 1191 teeth operated and 966 of them in maxilla and 225 of them in mandible. The number of the incisor teeth were 871, 177 were canine, 129 were premolar and one of them was molar. The total amount of 468 patients had operated by just 1 tooth, 454 of the operated teeth had cyst on the operation side. Premolar and molar side 21 of the 93 lesion had approximation with maxillar sinus. On the other hand in maxilla 39 of 569 lesion had approximation with nasal cavity. In mandibula 1 of the 15 lesion, which involved mandibular premolar teeth, had approximation with mental foramen. Apical resection operation mostly done for one tooth, and the lesion size was less than 10 milimeters. Furthermore apical resection mostly done for incisors cause of odontogenic cyst

Management of a Recurrent Pyogenic Granuloma of the Hard Palate with Diode Laser: A Case Report

Introduction: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a prevalent inflammatory hyperplasia of skin and oral mucosa which is often caused by constant low-grade local irritation, traumatic injury or hormonal factors. In many cases, gingival irritation and inflammation due to poor oral hygiene are precipitating factors. Oral PG occurs predominantly on the gingiva, but it is also encountered on the lips, tongue, buccal mucosa and rarely on the hard palate. Although surgical excision is the first choice of treatment, many other treatment modalities could be counted such as cryosurgery, sodium tetradecyl sulfate sclerotherapy, intralesional steroids, flash lamp pulsed dye laser, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) lasers and diode laser have been suggested. After surgical excision recurrence occurs up to 16% of these lesions. It is believed that recurrence ensues as a result of incomplete excision, failure to eliminate etiologic factors or repeated trauma.Case Report: A 50-year-old female was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery, Gazi University, School of Dentistry, complaining of a swelling and growth on the right side of the hard palate for four months. Patient reported a similar growth in the same area about two years earlier, which had turned out to be a PG by histopathology. The treatment plan included surgical excision of the lesion using diode laser.Results: The patient reported no pain after the surgery. She was discharged with a prescription of chlorhexidine mouthwash and necessary post-operative instructions. At 7 days follow up visit, immediate recurrence of the lesion was observed, and it was excised by diode laser with 2 mm margins at its clinical periphery, to a depth up to the periosteum, by the same operator. No recurrence or scarring was observed in 14 months follow-up.Conclusion: Although diode laser is a secure and efficient technique for the treatment of intraoral PG, in order to minimize its recurrence, the lesion should be excised with a wider margin down to the periosteum or to the causing agent. Also due to its high recurrence rate, long-term follow-up is recommended

Thermal necrosis-aided dental implant removal:A rabbit model pilot study

The significant advances in the materials and biological aspects of dental implants haven?t completely eradicated the implant failures. The removal of osseointegrated but otherwise failed implants present several challenges including adjacent tissues damage and necessity of bone augmentation for reimplantation. Controlled thermal necrosis has emerged as an alternative technique to aid removal of osseointegrated dental implants with minimal to no defect to healthy bone or surrounding tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the thermal necrosis-aided implant removal method in a rabbit osseointegration model. A total of 8 male New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. Two dental implants were placed on each femur of the rabbits. Heating of the implants was performed after 7 weeks following the implantation. Heating was done by contacting the tip of an electrosurgey tool in monopolar mode at different power settings and contact durations (5W ? 2 seconds, 5W ? 10 seconds, and 10 W ? 10 seconds). No heating was done on the control group. Implant stability right after implantation, before heat application and after heat application was determined using an Osstell? Mentor Device. Following the removal of implants histological analyses were performed to determine the effects of heat application at cellular level. ISQ values of the 10W-10s group was significantly lower compared to the other groups (p<0.001). No indication of progressive necrosis or irreversible damage was observed in any of the groups. However, the percent of empty-apoptotic lacunae were statistically higher in the 5W-10s and the 10W-10s groups compared the control and the 5W-2s groups. Within the conditions of this study, we conclude that heat application with an electrosurgery tool using monopolar mode at 10W power for 10 seconds is optimal for reversing osseointegration with no extensive or progressive damage to the bone

Trace ammonium removal by liquid-liquid membrane contactors as water polishing step of water electrolysis for hydrogen production from a wastewater treatment plant effluent

© 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. BACKGROUND: This work evaluates hollow fiber liquid-liquid membrane contactors (HFMC) as a polishing step for the removal of low levels of ammonium from water purified by (or being supplied to) a membrane distillation unit in order to fulfil the conductivity requirements of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. RESULTS: The influence of the operating conditions (flow, pH, ammonium concentration, buffer capacity) were evaluated under a closed-loop setup in order to achieve a reduction of total ammonia concentration in water, from 15 to 1mgL-1 to assure the production of water in the membrane distillation with a conductivity lower than 1 µS cm-1. These values were used to validate a numerical algorithm describing the system performance. In order to reach the ammonia concentration requirements and considering the low concentration of bicarbonate (low pH buffer capacity) in the treated water a buffer agent was added to the working solution. CONCLUSIONS: HFMC technology is a suitable solution to remove low levels of ammonium from water to values as low as 1mgL- 1NH3 through appropriate control of pH. The ammonium removal efficiency of the HFMC was improved by raising the pH or the flow rate. Finally, the model proposed provides a good description of the membrane contactor performance with minimal deviations when compared with experimental results.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Concentration of apricot juice using complex membrane technology

In this study, pressed apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) juice was concentrated using complex membrane technology with different module combinations: UF-RO-OD, UF-RO-MD, UF-NF-OD and UF-NF-MD. In case of the best combination a cross-flow polyethylene ultrafiltration membrane (UF) was applied for clarification, after which preconcentration was done using reverse osmosis (RO) with a polyamide membrane, and the final concentration was completed by osmotic distillation (OD) using a polypropylene module. The UF-RO-OD procedure resulted in a final concentrate with a 65-70 °Brix dry solid content and an excellent quality juice with high polyphenol content and high antioxidant capacity.Nanofiltration (NF) and membrane distillation (MD) were not proper economic solutions.The influence of certain operation parameters was examined experimentally. Temperatures of UF and RO were: 25, 30, and 35 °C, and of OD 25 °C. Recycle flow rates were: UF: 1, 1.5, and 2 m3 h−1; RO: 200, 400, and 600 l h−1; OD: 20, 30 and 40 l h−1. The flow rates in the module were expressed by the Reynolds number, as well. Based on preliminary experiments, the transmembrane pressures of UF and RO filtration were 4 bar and 50 bar, respectively. Each experimental run was performed three times. The following optimal operation parameters provided the lowest total cost: UF: 35 °C, 2 m3 h−1, 4 bar; RO: 35 °C, 600 l h−1, 50 bar; OD: 20, 30 and 40 l h−1; temperature 25 °C.In addition, experiments were performed for apricot juice concentration by evaporation, which technique is widely applied in the industry using vacuum and low temperature.For description the UF filtration, a dynamic model and regression by SPSS 14.0 statistics software were applied