The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861

Within the American antislavery movement, abolitionists were distinct from others in the movement in advocating, on the basis of moral principle, the immediate emancipation of slaves and equal rights for black people. Instead of focusing on the immediatists as products of northern culture, as many previous historians have done, Stanley Harrold examines their involvement with antislavery action in the South--particularly in the region that bordered the free states. How, he asks, did antislavery action in the South help shape abolitionist beliefs and policies in the period leading up to the Civil War? Harrold explores the interaction of northern abolitionist, southern white emancipators, and southern black liberators in fostering a continuing antislavery focus on the South, and integrates southern antislavery action into an understanding of abolitionist reform culture. He discusses the impact of abolitionist missionaries, who preached an antislavery gospel to the enslaved as well as to the free. Harrold also offers an assessment of the impact of such activities on the coming of the Civil War and Reconstruction. He is most convincing about the singular role that Southern abolitionists and Northern ones operating in the slaveholding region played in shaping the crusade, a topic long misperceived. Those who study American reform will need this revisionist work. -- Bertram Wyatt-Brown, University of Florida Harrold reminds historians of antebellum reform that a number of Northern abolitionists left the comfort of middle-class parlors to join coadjutors in the South and risk violence, imprisonment, and death. . . . Argues forcefully that abolitionism must be viewed from the perspective of the contested Southern borderlands. -- Civil War History Harrold’s bold, revisionist account of abolitionism in the antebellum period challenges the overwhelming emphasis in abolitionist scholarship on the movement’s northern, and specifically New England, origins and influences. -- Florida Historical Quarterly Assigns a crucial role to southern abolitionists in shaping policy and causing proslavery forces in the South to react, eventually to secede from the Union. -- Georgia Historical Quarterly This is a path-breaking work that will significantly alter interpretations of abolitionism. -- James L. Huston, Oklahoma State University Forces the reader to reopen a number of crucial questions concerning antislavery activities across the spectrum of the movement. -- JASAT Challenges fundamental historiographical assumptions regarding the abolitionists’ impact on the southern states and their role in causing the Civil War. -- Journal of American History A thoroughly researched, well-written, and thought provoking study that should take its place among required reading in the study of American abolitionism. -- Southern Historianhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_united_states_history/1006/thumbnail.jp

Race, Slavery, and the Expression of Sexual Violence in Louisa Picquet, The Octoroon

Historically, victims of sexual violence have rarely left written accounts of their abuse, so while sexual violence has long been associated with slavery in the United States, historians have few accounts from formerly enslaved people who experienced it first-hand. Through a close reading of the narrative of Louisa Picquet, a survivor of sexual violence in Georgia and Louisiana, this article reflects on the recovery of evidence of sexual violence under slavery through amanuensis-recorded testimony, the unintended evidence of survival within the violent archive of female slavery, and the expression of “race” as an authorial device through which to demonstrate the multigenerational nature of sexual victimhood

Alterations to Melanocortinergic, GABAergic and Cannabinoid Neurotransmission Associated with Olanzapine-Induced Weight Gain

Background/Aim: Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are used to treat schizophrenia but can cause serious metabolic side-effects, such as obesity and diabetes. This study examined the effects of low to high doses of olanzapine on appetite/ metabolic regulatory signals in the hypothalamus and brainstem to elucidate the mechanisms underlying olanzapineinduced obesity. Methodology/Results: Levels of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65, enzyme for GABA synthesis) mRNA expression, and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) binding density (using [ 3 H]SR-141716A) were examined in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and dorsal vagal complex (DVC) of female Sprague Dawley rats following 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg olanzapine or vehicle (36/day, 14-days). Consistent with its weight gain liability, olanzapine significantly decreased anorexigenic POMC and increased orexigenic NPY mRNA expression in a dose-sensitive manner in the Arc. GAD65 mRNA expression increased and CB1R binding density decreased in the Arc and DVC. Alterations to neurotransmission signals in the brain significantly correlated with body weight and adiposity. The minimum dosage threshold required to induce weight gain in the rat was 0.5 mg/kg olanzapine. Conclusions: Olanzapine-induced weight gain is associated with reduced appetite-inhibiting POMC and increased NPY. This study also supports a role for the CB1R and GABA in the mechanisms underlying weight gain side-effects, possibly b

The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism: Addresses to the Slaves

The American conflict over slavery reached a turning point in the early 1840s when three leading abolitionists presented provocative speeches that, for the first time, addressed the slaves directly rather than aiming rebukes at white owners. By forthrightly embracing the slaves as allies and exhorting them to take action, these three addresses pointed toward a more inclusive and aggressive antislavery effort. These addresses were particularly frightening to white slaveholders who were significantly in the minority of the population in some parts of low country Georgia and South Carolina. The Rise of Aggressive Abolitionism includes the full text of each address, as well as related documents, and presents a detailed study of their historical context, the reactions they provoked, and their lasting impact on U.S. history. Stanley Harrold, professor of history at South Carolina State University, is the author of Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, D.C., 1828-1865 and The Abolitionists and the South, 1831-1861. Harrold examines abolitionist speeches aimed directly at slaves during the pivotal decade of the 1840s. . . . Deserves much praise and a wide readership. —American Historical Review When policymaking guides truly are creative and astute, they can be very important works that have a substantial impact. The Sheriff is such a book, and it is to be hoped that it receives much attention in the U.S. policymaking community. —Comparative Strategy Harrold\u27s insightful analysis and provocative arguments will force historians to reexamine the essential nature of the struggle to end slavery between 1840 and the Civil War. —Journal of American History Offers scholars yet another vantage point from which Explores the tactical shift in the 1840s that ensured abolitionists a controversial place on the national stage. . . . Harrold\u27s analysis is thorough and engaging throughout. —Southern Historianhttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_united_states_history/1097/thumbnail.jp

Commonwealth Non-Government School Funding Policies and Their Administration in Australia

This thesis traces the efforts of successive Australian Commonwealth governments from Menzies to Howard to influence school education through its funding policies. It focuses on the means by which (allocational programs were decided, funding mechanisms were chosen, and the processes of issues emergence, authorisation, implementation and administration were developed. The major focus is on the funding policies for non-government schools and the major means by which successive governments sought to manage conflict over the issue. This work argues that no one single paradigm is capable of explaining the complex political processes of the last thirty five years. A corollary of social pluralism has been ideological diversity. Commonwealth governments since 1963 have appealed to a variety of political and social theories and discourses to unify the plurality of viewpoints and to transcend the particularism of sectional viewpoints. The period has been characterised by the pragmatic use of the political process and its attendant mechanisms to sublimate discord and permit successive governments to promote their own vision of a just society and seek their own political advantage. Each of the solutions has not survived the government's term of office without modification. A number of perennial themes are identified. These include: the implications for policy making of an increasingly diverse Australian society; the range of competing ideological approaches; Commonwealth-state relations; the availability of budgeted funding; the impact of public sector management reforms; the roles of industrial and other pressure groups; and the continuing attempt to manage political conflict