Proportional Component Order Network Connectivity

We introduce a new measure of network reliability related to the order of the largest component. This new connectivity measure considers a network to be operational if there is a component or order at least some fixed proportion, r, of the original order. Thus, the network is in a failure state if all components are sufficiently small. In this paper, we consider the parameters with vertex deletions as well as edge deletions for particular graph classes. We also find the minimum values of the parameter for graphs with a fixed size and order. We end with a discussion and some conjectures for the maximum value of the parameter for graphs with a fixed size and order

Using 3 Dimension Health Vegetation Index Point Clouds to Determine HLB Infected Citrus Trees

Three-dimensional NDVI point clouds can be an innovative method for detecting Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus trees. In February 2018, an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) captured narrow-band multispectral images to detect healthiness variations of infected citrus trees. A 30-acre section of a citrus grove in Florida with a known HLB infection was examined to determine if three-dimensional Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) point clouds can indicate healthiness variations in HLB-infected citrus trees and how three-dimensional NDVI point clouds compared to two-dimensional NDVI reflectance maps for detecting healthiness variations in HLB-infected citrus trees. Wilcoxon Sign Rank testing compared Whole-Tree Vegetation Indices (WTVI) comprising of point or pixel proportions within five NDVI classifications between three-dimensional NVDI point clouds and two-dimensional NDVI reflectance maps. The results indicated significant differences between three-dimensional and two-dimensional points, grouped at the tree level, for suspected HLB-infected trees (p = 0.000). The data suggests three-dimensional NDVI point cloud points were more sensitive to less healthy levels of NDVI values by 2.7% compared to two dimensional NDVI data for suspected HLB-infected trees and by 10.6% (p = 0.000) for non-suspected HLB-infected trees. Researchers concluded three-dimensional NDVI point clouds could be used to determine healthiness variations in suspected HLB-infected citrus trees. Three-dimensional NVDI point clouds had a wider distribution of five index classifications than two-dimensional NDVI reflectance maps for suspected HLB-infected trees. The vertical structure of the citrus tree may contribute to the difference in distribution. There was a 10.01% (p = 0.021) increase in 3D NDVI point cloud points for non-suspected HLB-infected trees compared to the suspected HLB-infected trees. Additionally, there was a 9.04% (p = 0.032) increase in tree crown dimension for non-suspected HLB-infected trees compared to suspected HLB-infected trees. These data suggest non-suspected HLB-infected trees were larger than suspected HLB-infected trees

Data on aeolian sand dune activity in the White River Badlands, South Dakota, northern Great Plains, USA

This data paper reports on optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) data from samples collected in the White River Badlands, South Dakota, northern Great Plains. Sand samples were collected from the crests of parabolic dune heads and arms, as well as blowout exposures, on three tables located on private land in the Buffalo Gap National Grasslands. Using hand augers, samples were collected at depths of 1 and 2m below ground surface to minimize potential effects of bioturbation. An improvised split-spoon sampler was used at selected sites to ensure collection from laminated sediments. At auger and exposure localities, sediment was collected by inserting tubes into a full bucket auger or exposure face. Tubes were tightly packed and taped at both ends to prevent shifting of sediment during shipping. Samples collected from the truck-mounted corer were packed in black plastic liners to ensure samples were not exposed to sunlight. OSL analyses were conducted at the University of Nebraska’s Luminescence and Geochronology Laboratory. Interpretation of OSL data was aided by analyses of aerial photographs from the National Agricultural Imagery Program and from the Aerial Photos Single Frame collection hosted on servers of the United States Geological Survey

Participatory Grantmaking: A Test of Rubric Scoring Versus Popular Voting Selection in a Blinded Grantmaking Process

Because small, community-based organizations play a critical role in delivering services and expressing diverse community values, it is important to find ways to minimize disparities in their access to philanthropic resources. Participatory grantmaking is widely viewed as a practice with good potential to mitigate this tendency. This article addresses the design of this approach to grantmaking and, specifically, whether changing the decision-making process in addition to changing the decisionmakers has an effect on how grants are allocated. It examines the design of two grant review processes — one based on popular voting, the other a more traditional rubric approach — and compares their outcomes to learn whether a more open and discursive process based on popular voting for grantee selection helps to overcome bias against small organizations. The article concludes with research implications for participatory grantmaking and grantmaking practice. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to the growing body of empirical knowledge around the design of participatory grantmaking processes

Launch Vehicle Abort Analysis for Failures Leading to Loss of Control

Launch vehicle ascent is a time of high risk for an onboard crew. There is a large fraction of possible failures for which time is of the essence and a successful abort is possible if the detection and action happens quickly enough. This paper focuses on abort determination based on data already available from the Guidance, Navigation, and Control system. This work is the result of failure analysis efforts performed during the Ares I launch vehicle development program. The two primary areas of focus are the derivation of abort triggers to ensure that abort occurs as quickly as possible when needed, but that false aborts are avoided, and evaluation of success in aborting off the failing launch vehicle

Chronology of dune development in the White River Badlands, northern Great Plains, USA

Aeolian dune field chronologies provide important information on drought history on the Great Plains. The White River Badlands (WRB) dunes are located approximately 60 km north of the Nebraska Sand Hills (NSH), in the western section of the northern Great Plains. Clifftop dunes, sand sheets, and stabilized northwest-southeast trending parabolic dunes are found on upland mesas and buttes, locally called tables. The result of this study is a dune stabilization history determined from samples collected from stratigraphic exposures and dune crests. Thirty-seven OSL ages, from this and previous investigations, show three periods of dune activity: 1) ~21,000 years ago to 12,000 years ago (a), 2) ~9 to 6 ka, and 3) post-700 a. Stratigraphic exposures and low-relief dune forms preserve evidence of late Pleistocene and middle Holocene dune development, while high-relief dune crests preserve evidence of late Holocene dune development. Results of 12 OSL ages from the most recent dune activation event indicate that Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) droughts and Little Ice Age (LIA) droughts caused dune reactivation on the tables. Dune reactivation was accompanied by other drought-driven geomorphological responses in the WRB, including fluvial incision of the prairie and formation of sod tables. Regional significance of the MCA and LIA droughts is supported by similarities in the aeolian chronologies of the NSH at 700–600 a and some western Great Plains dune fields at 420–210 a. Aerial photographs of the WRB show little activity during the Dust Bowl droughts of the 1930s

Leveraging Collections to Support Instructional Needs

The original presentation was given at AASL 2021.Looking to better connect your collection to your campus’ instructional needs? Join us on a journey exploring opportunities to position your collection to support diverse learners, learning environments, and instructional goals and ways to celebrate the collection’s impact. Along the way, three librarians will share their experiences and tips for success.Instructional needsLeveraging collectionscollaborative relationshipspedagogical designdecision makingbuilding relationship

Stage Separation Failure: Model Based Diagnostics and Prognostics

Safety of the next-generation space flight vehicles requires development of an in-flight Failure Detection and Prognostic (FD&P) system. Development of such system is challenging task that involves analysis of many hard hitting engineering problems across the board. In this paper we report progress in the development of FD&P for the re-contact fault between upper stage nozzle and the inter-stage caused by the first stage and upper stage separation failure. A high-fidelity models and analytical estimations are applied to analyze the following sequence of events: (i) structural dynamics of the nozzle extension during the impact; (ii) structural stability of the deformed nozzle in the presence of the pressure and temperature loads induced by the hot gas flow during engine start up; and (iii) the fault induced thrust changes in the steady burning regime. The diagnostic is based on the measurements of the impact torque. The prognostic is based on the analysis of the correlation between the actuator signal and fault-induced changes in the nozzle structural stability and thrust