Mjerenje mišićnog umora kod zdravstvenih djelatnika Survey of muscle fatigue at health care professionals

Preopterećenje zdravstvenih djelatnika, koji rade u zdravstvenoj njezi, postaje na radnome mjestu sve češće. Podizanje tereta i rukovanje pacijentima za vrijeme medicinske intervencije uzrokuje dinamička i statička preopterećenja tijela i kralježnice, što jetežak fizički rad. Dugotrajno izlaganje preopterećenju može uzrokovati trošenje i oštećenje područja lumbalne kralježnice. Ozljede na radu i muskuloskeletalni poremećaji postaju ozbiljan problem osoblju u zdravstvenoj njezi. U istraživanju smo pokušali procijeniti stupanj vjerojatnosti pojave oštećenja u lumbalnoj kralježnici dobivenim statistikama i određivanjem mišićnog umora. Obavili smo mjerenja EMG-a na mišićima u lumbalnoj kralježnici. Ispitanici na kojima su obavljena mjerenja u suvremenoj ergonomski opremljenoj tvrtki, koja se prvenstveno bavi brigom za starije osobe, bile su ženske osobe EMG aparatom Biomonitor ME6000 finskog proizvođača Mega Electronics Ltd. i MegaWin programskog paketa, uključili smo podatke iz mjernih elektroda i statistički odredili stupanj zamora svakog mišića i mišićne skupine. Rezultati obrađenih mjerenja podijeljeni su u četiri dobne skupine: od 20 do 30 godina, od 31 do 40 godina, od 41 do 50 godina, te zaposlenika u dobi od 51 do 65 godina. Rezultati se odnose na lumbalne mišiće leđa: duboke primarne mišići lijevo (L) i desno (D); mišić donjeg dijela leđa (L i D)

Poisson -- Boltzmann Brownian Dynamics of Charged Colloids in Suspension

We describe a method to simulate the dynamics of charged colloidal particles suspended in a liquid containing dissociated ions and salt ions. Regimes of prime current interest are those of large volume fraction of colloids, highly charged particles and low salt concentrations. A description which is tractable under these conditions is obtained by treating the small dissociated and salt ions as continuous fields, while keeping the colloidal macroions as discrete particles. For each spatial configuration of the macroions, the electrostatic potential arising from all charges in the system is determined by solving the nonlinear Poisson--Boltzmann equation. From the electrostatic potential, the forces acting on the macroions are calculated and used in a Brownian dynamics simulation to obtain the motion of the latter. The method is validated by comparison to known results in a parameter regime where the effective interaction between the macroions is of a pairwise Yukawa form

Interoperability analysis of Liferay portlets

Povezljivost med različnimi portalnimi komponentami znotraj enega portala je eno izmed prizadevanj integracije, s katerimi se usklajujejo aktivnosti integriranih storitev. Pričujoča naloga analizira mehanizme za povezljivost različnih portalnih komponent na platformi Liferay. Podrobneje sta predstavljeni portalni komponenti portlet in pripomoček ter platforma Liferay. Praktični del diplomske naloge zajema razvoj portalne aplikacije z uporabo portletov in pripomočkov ter različnih mehanizmov integracije.The interoperability between different portal components within a single portal is one of the integration’s endeavors with which the actions of integrated services are coordinated. This thesis analyzes mechanisms for the interoperability of different portal components on the Liferay platform. The portal components portlet and gadget, and the platform Liferay are presented in detail. The practical part covers the development of a portal application with the use of portlets and gadgets, and various integration mechanisms

THE PREFERENCES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN TOWARDS WORKS OF ART IN THE IMPRESSIOIST AND CUBISM ERA

Diplomska naloga z naslovom Preference predšolskega otroka do umetniških del v obdobju impresionizma in kubizma je sestavljena iz teoretičnega in empiričnega dela. Glavni namen praktičnega dela je bil predstaviti reprodukcije umetniških del impresionizma in kubizma otrokom starim od 5–6 let in s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika pridobiti povratne informacije o obeh obdobij v umetnosti. Zanimalo nas je, kateremu obdobju dajejo otroci prednost (preferenco) in če obstajajo razlike glede na spol otrok. V teoretičnem delu smo govorili o likovnem izražanju ter razvoju likovnega izražanja. Predstavili smo tudi načela likovne vzgoje, likovno vrednotenje ter kriterij izbire avtorjev in njihovih del. V nadaljevanju smo podrobneje govorili o obdobju impresionizma in kubizma, ki sta pomembna za našo raziskavo. V empiričnem delu je predstavljena raziskava o odnosu predšolskega otroka do umetniških del v obdobju impresionizma in kubizma. Za zbiranje podatkov smo uporabili anketni vprašalnik in šest slik, in sicer tri iz obdobja kubizma in tri iz impresionizma. Podatke, ki smo jih dobili s pomočjo ankete, smo analizirali in statistično obdelali. Rezultate smo prikazali v obliki tabel in grafov. Rezultate in mnenja, ki smo jih pridobili, smo izpostavili v sklepu. Raziskava je pokazala, da je bilo otrokom najbolj všeč obdobje impresionizma. Predvsem zaradi samega motiva slike, pa tudi zaradi barv, ki so značilne za to obdobje.This diploma thesis titled The Preferences of Preschool Children Towards Works of Art in the Impressionism and Cubism Era, consists of an empirical and theoretical part. The main objective of the practical part was to present reproductions of impressionistic and cubistic art to children aged between 5 and 6 years and to acquire feedback on both eras using a questionnaire. We wanted to find out if they prefer one era more than the other and if there is any difference in preference considering their gender. In the theoretical part, we discussed artistic expression and its development. We also presented the principles of art education, art evaluation and explained the criteria used to select artists and their works. Furthermore, we presented both art movementsimpressionism and cubism, in detail. In the empirical part, we present our research about the relationship preschool children have towards works of art from the impressionism and cubism eras. We used a questionnaire which asked participants about 6 paintings, 3 from the cubism era and 3 from the impressionism era. The information acquired was analyzed and statistically deconstructed. The results were presented in forms of charts and graphs. The results and opinions about them were also highlighted in the conclusion. The research showed that preschool children preferred the impressionism era, because of the motif of the painting and the colors typical for that era

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics algorithm in 2D space

V tem magistrskem delu obravnavamo algoritem za hidromehaniko zglajenih delcev v 2D prostoru. Algoritem je bil sprva razvit za probleme na področju astrofizike, kasneje pa se je uveljavil kot algoritem za simulacije tekočin. Glavna lastnost algoritma je interpolacija veličin simuliranega fizikalnega pojava s sistemi delcev. S tem se razlikuje od algoritmov, ki simulirajo fizikalne pojave s topološkimi mrežami. Predstavimo teoretično podlago algoritma v 2D prostoru in izvedbo na praktičnem primeru simulacije tekočine v 2D prostoru.In this master\u27s thesis we present smoothed particle hydrodnymics (SPH) algorithm in 2D space. SPH was originaly developed for problems in astrophysics and later gained traction in fluid simulation comunity. The main property of the algorithm is the smoothing of physical quantities of the underlying simulated problem with system of particles. This is also the main difference between SPH and other set of algorithms which solve simulation problem with mesh topology. In this thesis we will provide theoretical description of the algorithm in 2D space and practiclal demostration of 2D fluid simulation

Javascript transpiler comparison

Diplomsko delo predstavlja in opravi primerjavo različnih dialektov jezika JavaScript. Osredotočamo se na dialekte CoffeeScript, TypeScript in Babel. Najprej si ogledamo, kako je JavaScript prešel iz zgolj skriptnega jezika za brskalnike v jezik za strežniško programiranje. Nato za delo z različnimi dialekti vzpostavimo razvojno okolje in primerjamo različne urejevalnike. Preučimo okolje NodeJS in implementiramo strežnik v vsakem izmed izbranih dialektov. Vsak strežnik je performančno izmerjen in identificirani so razlogi za in proti uporabi posameznega dialekta. V sklepu podamo ugotovitev, katerega izmed dialektov je najbolj smiselno uporabljati glede na tip projekta.This thesis focuses on a comparison between different JavaScript transpilers ie. dialects of the JavaScript programming language. We focus on CoffeeScript, TypeScript and Babel dialects. First we review how JavaScript moved from a client side scripting language to a server side programming language. We set up an integrated development environment for working with different dialects and compare different source code editors. We inspect the NodeJS runtime environment and implement a server in each dialect. We measure performance for each server and key pros and cons are identified. In conclusion we identify which dialect is most suited for use given a project type

CHARACTER DRIVERS FOR LINUX KERNEL

Tema diplomske naloge so znakovni gonilniki za linuxovo jedro. Delo obravnava delovanje operacijskih sistemov in gonilnikov. Predstavimo pa tudi mehanizme medsebojne komunikacije strojne opreme, operacijskega sistema in uporabniških programov. Zasnovali in izdelali smo navidezni znakovni gonilnik za operacijski sistem linux. Za preizkušanje gonilnika smo napisali testno aplikacijo. Naš gonilnik je navidezni, to pomeni, da vse operacije izvaja v pomnilniku. Zato za preizkušanje gonilnika ni potrebna posebna, dodatna strojna oprema.This diploma thesis deals with character drivers for Linux kernels. The operation of operating systems and device drivers is investigated. We also present communication mechanism between hardware, operating system and user programs. Our practial goal was to implement a virtual character driver for Linux. For the driver testing porpuses we developed a test aplication. No specially added hardware is necessary to run the driver, because it is virtual and runs exclusively within computer memory

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RO-RO SHIPS

Ta diplomska naloga zajema opis tako prednosti kot slabosti Ro-Ro ladij, in sicer s finančnega vidika, vidika varnosti, stabilnosti, opreme, ki jo potrebujejo, in veliko ostalega. Kot vsaka stvar imajo tudi Ro-Ro ladje določene slabe in dobre lastnosti. Različne organizacije se trudijo slabosti izboljšati, vendar vseh vseeno za zdaj še ne morejo. Ena izmed velikih prednosti je seveda nizka cena, saj ladja zaradi svoje velikosti sprejme veliko število vozil, ki jih lahko prepelje naenkrat. Velika prednost je torej vpliv na okolje, saj onesnažuje veliko manj, kot če bi enako število vozil prepeljali po cesti. Ne potrebuje zelo naprednih nakladalnih naprav, saj ima v ta namen rampo, po kateri se tovor sam pripelje na palubo. Zaradi tega potrebuje zelo kratko operativno obalo in ne potrebuje skladiščenja na njej, saj lahko tovor hitro zapusti pristanišče po cesti ali železnici. Poznamo veliko vrst Ro-Ro ladij in vsaka ima svoje posebnosti in svoj namen, zato da se izpolnijo različne potrebe po prevozu mešanega tovora. Lahko prevažamo samo avtomobile (angl. Pure Car Carrier – PCC), avtomobile in tovornjake (angl. Pure Car and Truck Carrier – PCTC), zraven tega tovora na kolesih še specialne tovore (kontejnerje, les itd.) ali pa zraven vozil še potnike. Glavni slabosti Ro-Ro ladje sta zagotovo njeno visoko nadvodje in tovor, ki je vkrcan visoko na zgornjih palubah, saj to zelo poslabša njeno stabilnost. Ladje so zelo občutljive na manjše premike tovora, ki ni dovolj dobro pričvrščen, občutljive pa so tudi na vremenske pojave, na primer veter in valove. Rampe in vrata pripomorejo k neprepustnosti, ampak v notranjosti ni prečnih fiksnih pregrad, ki bi zadržale vdor vode le na enem delu palube. Če pride do poškodbe trupa, voda vdre v ladjo in zajame celo palubo. Zaradi tega se ladja hitro začne nagibati in v tem primeru je več ni mogoče rešiti. Še ena izmed slabosti pa je prostorska nezasedenost, saj ostaja veliko neporabljenega prostora med vozili ter pod in nad njimi, ker jih ne moremo zlagati enega na drugega. Prostor prav tako zasedajo notranje rampe in dvigala. To omeji kapaciteto za polovico.This undergraduate thesis includes description of pros and cons of Ro-Ro ship from financial aspects, aspects of safety, stability and equipment. As every other thing these ships have many shortcomings as well as advantages. Many organisations are trying to fix the problems and issues but some of them are not that easy or able to change. One of the greatest pros is surely low cost of transport, because this kind of ship accept a vast number of vehicles at the same time. Big advantage is environmental effectbecause they pollute a lot less than if all the vehicles were transported via road. Ship does not need advanced loading equipment because she has a loading ramp that vehicles use to board the ship. Because of this, she needs very short operative coast and she does not need stowage place on the shore, because vehicles can leave using the road or railroad. There are many different types of Ro-Ro ships and each has different special features and special purpose, for fulfilling requirements. We can transport only cars (PCC), cars and trucks (PCTC) and also special freight (containers, lumber…) or even passengers besides wheeled cargo. Main weakness of Ro-Ro ship is her high freeboard and cargo, loaded on higher decks, because it compromises her stability. She is sensitive even for the small movements of cargo that is not secured enough. Weather like rough sea and wild wind can also endanger her stability. Ramps and doors help maintaining water impermeability, but inside the ship, there are no transverse fixed bulkheads to retain the water intake on one place. If there is a breach in the hull, water can get in the ship and covers the whole deck. After that, ship rapidly starts to list and she is already doomed to capsize. Another weakness is spatial incompleteness, because there is a lot of unused space between, under and above the vehicles, since we cannot stack the cargo. Some space is also taken by inner ramps and lifts, which halves cargo capacity

ANALYSIS ABOUT CONDITION OF AUTOMATION IN SLOVENIA

Diplomska naloga predstavlja analizo oz. raziskavo o stanju avtomatizacije v Sloveniji. V raziskavo so vključena podjetja, ki se ukvarjajo s tehnologijo vodenja (z avtomatiko ter informatiko). Opisuje analizo in komentiranje podatkov iz različnih področij tehnologije vodenja v slovenskih podjetjih, ki smo jih pridobili s pomočjo anket ter jih obdelali s pomočjo statističnih metod. Prikazan je prav tako obširen opis o Društvu avtomatikov Slovenije ter dodana primerjava analize podatkov iz ankete, ki je bila opravljena za enako raziskavo leta 2003, v okviru Društva avtomatikov Slovenije.Dissertation represents analysis or research on condition of Slovene automation. Research contains companies, that engages with technology of direction (with automation and information science). It describes analysis and commenting on data of different technology direction fields in Slovene companies. Data were achieved with the help of survey and statistical procedures. Dissertation also includes an extensive description of Slovene automation association survey. Added is also the comparison of data analysis that was made for the same survey in 2003 in frame of Slovene automation association

UNDERWATER NOISE IMPACT ON MARINE LIFE

Onesnaževanje s hrupom se je šele pred kratkim začelo smatrati kot resnična težava, saj so zakonodaje o njegovem zmanjševanju v veljavo prišle komaj nekaj deset let nazaj. Kljub temu pa hrup predstavlja veliko grožnjo predvsem pod vodo, kjer se večina morskih organizmov zanaša na sluh. Zvok se pod vodo širi kot mehansko valovanje, ki se prenaša skozi vodni medij in ker se v vodi bolje ohranja kot v zraku, ima večjo sposobnost potovanja na večjih razdaljah brez izrazitega slabljenja. Splošno rečemo, da je hitrost zvoka v morski vodi približno 1500 m/s, vendar je hitrost odvisna od temperature, slanosti in tlaka v vodi. Z večjo globino je povezano nižanje temperature ter višanje slanosti in tlaka, hitrost zvoka pa je s tem tesno povezana, saj se zvišuje ob višanju teh lastnosti in pada ob nižanju. Vendar pa temperatura pada le do neke točke, ko ostane konstantna, in na tej točki ima hitrost zvoka najnižjo vrednost. Temu rečemo SOFAR kanal, po katerem se zaradi refrakcije zvok lahko širi skoraj na drugo stran sveta. Hrup negativno vpliva tako na morske sesalce kot tudi na deseteronožce, mehkužce, ribe, glavonožce, iglokožce in ostalo, saj ima vsaka od teh vrst sluh razvit za komunikacijo s svojo vrsto in zaznavanje plenilcev, ne pa tudi za kontinuiran zvok, ki ga povzroča ladijski promet, in impulzni zvok, ki ga povzročajo ljudje z eksplozijami, zabijanjem pilotov in ostalimi podvodnimi deli. Takšen hrup lahko pusti dolgotrajne posledice, kot je izguba sluha pri sesalcih, začasna izguba služnih dlačic pri ribah in podobno. V Sloveniji so se meritve podvodnega hrupa začele leta 2015 s strani Inštituta za vode Republike Slovenije, ko se je Slovenija priključila projektu QuietMed, programu, ki se zavzema za izboljšanje stanja morskega okolja na področju hrupa v celotnem Sredozemskem morju. Iz delnih podatkov za leti 2019 in 2020 so bili izvzeti urni podatki, ki prikazujejo, koliko se je količina hrupa v slovenskem morju spremenila v enem letu. Hrup je bil merjen na več različnih frekvencah, v nalogi pa so bili analizirani le podatki za dve frekvenci, in sicer 63 Hz in 125 Hz, saj nizkofrekvenčni zvok potuje dlje, glavni vir hrupa na teh dveh frekvencah pa je ravno ladijski promet. Podatki so bili nato upodobljeni na grafu in potrjujejo, da je količina hrupa, kljub globalni epidemiji, ki je omejila ladijski promet, še vedno naraščala.Noise pollution has only recently started to be seen as a real problem, with legislation to reduce it only coming into force a few decades ago. However, noise is a major threat, especially underwater, where most marine organisms rely on hearing. Underwater, sound propagates as mechanical waves that are transmitted through the medium of water and, because it is better preserved in water than in air, it has a greater ability to travel over greater distances without significant attenuation. The speed of sound in seawater is generally said to be about 1500 m/s, but the speed depends on the temperature, salinity and pressure of the water. As depth increases, temperature decreases and salinity and pressure increase, and the speed of sound is closely related, increasing as these properties increase and decreasing as they decrease. However, the temperature only decreases up to a point where it remains constant, at which point the speed of sound has its lowest value. This is called the SOFAR channel, through which sound can propagate almost to the other side of the world due to refraction. Noise has a negative impact on marine mammals as well as on decapods, molluscs, fish, cephalopods, echinoderms and others, since each of these species has hearing developed to communicate with its own kind and to detect predators, but not for the continuous sound caused by shipping and the impulsive sound caused by humans with explosions, pile driving and other underwater work. Such noise can have long-lasting effects, including hearing loss in mammals, temporary loss of hearing hairs in fish, and so on. In Slovenia, underwater noise measurements started in 2015 by the Slovenian Water Institute, when Slovenia joined the QuietMed project, a program that aims to improve the marine noise environment throughout the Mediterranean Sea. The partial data for 2019 and 2020 exclude hourly data that show how much the amount of noise in the Slovenian sea has changed in one year. Noise was measured at several different frequencies, but only data for two frequencies, 63 Hz and 125 Hz, were analyzed in this thesis, as low-frequency sound travels further and the main source of noise at these two frequencies is shipping. The data was then plotted on a graph and averaged to calculate the noise levels for each frequency in 2019 and 2020. Comparing the averages confirms that, despite the global epidemic that has restricted shipping, the amount of noise is still increasing