1,4-Bis(6-chloro­pyrimidin-4-yl­oxy)benzene

In the title compound, C14H8Cl2N4O2, all atoms of the 6-chloro­pyrimidin-4-yl­oxy group and the C atoms at the para positions of the central benzene ring lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. The complete benzene ring is generated by the mirror plane and hence the dihedral angles between the pyrimidine rings and the benzene ring are exactly 90°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds

Bioaccumulation and Tolerance Indices of Cadmium in Wheat Plants Grown in Cadmium-Spiked Soil: Health Risk Assessment

Farmers use wastewater for irrigation in many developing countries, for example Bangladesh, India, China, Sri Lanka and Vietnam because they have limited access to clean water. This study explored cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulation in two spring wheat cultivars (cv. Mustang and Lancer), which were grown in different concentrations of Cd (0,1, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg−1) in agricultural soils. The half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 4.21 ± 0.29 and 4.02 ± 0.95, respectively, whereas the maximum health risk index (HRI) was 3.85 ± 0.049 and 5.33 ± 0.271, respectively, for Mustang and Lancer. In other words, the malondialdehyde content increased significantly in Mustang (around five-fold) and Lancer (around four-fold) compared with the control treatment. Results revealed that Cd content was well above the acceptable limit (HRI >1) in the two cultivars when exposed to different levels of Cd stress. The tolerant cultivar (Mustang) has potential to chelate Cd in the nonedible parts of plants in variable fractions and can be used efficiently to improve growth and macro- and micro-nutrients content while reducing Cd concentration in plants in Cd-contaminated soil. It can also diminish the HRI, which may help to protect humans from Cd risks. The two cultivars’ nutrient availability and sorption capacity significantly shape their survival and adaptability under Cd stress. Based on what is documented in the current study, we can conclude that Mustang is more tolerant and poses fewer health hazards to people than Lancer because of its capacity to maintain grain macro- and micro-nutrients under Cd stress

Effects of 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol and selected herbicides which induced lipid peroxidation on quantum yield and membrane integrity of weedy plants under dark and light conditions

2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) has herbicidal properties that cause lipid peroxidation on plant tissues. The present study aimed at examining the phytotoxic effects of 2,4-DTBP compared to that of selected herbicides which induced lipid peroxidation based on quantum yield (Φ) and membrane integrity of two bioassay weed species namely Oldenlandia verticillata and Leptochloa chinensis under light and dark conditions. Laboratory assays showed reduced Φ of 2,4-DTBP- and dinoterb-treated leaf discs within the first 3 h of the dark incubation period, with further decrease during the subsequent 15 h dark period and 6 h light period. Diuron drastically reduced the Φ of the bioassay species throughout the incubation period. The Φ of glufosinate-treated O. verticillata leaf discs was marginally reduced and decreased further upon light exposure; it had no effect on the Φ of L. chinensis. Fluridone, isoxaflutole, clomazone and oxyfluorfen also had negligible effect on Φ, whereas paraquat caused a rapid reduction in Φ upon light exposure for both bioassay species. 2,4-DTBP, paraquat and dinoterb induced electrolyte leakage during the dark incubation period; this was further increased in the presence of light for O. verticillata and L. chinensis. For both bioassay species, glufosinate caused a marked amount of electrolyte leakage, whereas diuron, fluridone, isoxaflutole, clomazone and oxyfluorfen had negligible effect on ion leakage. These results suggested that 2,4-DTBP has herbicidal activity comparable to that of dinoterb without dependence on light

Syurutu Waqfil Masjid wa Atsaruha fi Ahkamil Masjid fi Dhoil fiqhil Islamy wal Qanun Al Indunisy

Wakaf is one way to get closer to Allah. The terminology of wakaf is to hold the ownership of the property, and provide benefits for good. Among the most important and greatest reward of the endowments type is the mosque's Waqf. To reach it, by the time the man knows the virtue of mosques' waqf, they are vying for doing it. But their passion for endowments are not coupled with understanding the laws which are related to the mosque. This thesis is the literary-written discussion to find out the requirements of the mosque endowment and its influence on mosque enactments. This discussion explains about the two main issues: 1. What are the terms of the endowments of the mosque, 2. What influences being the terms of the endowments on the mosque enactments. Laws of the mosque which will be discussed in this thesis are: a. An ordinance to endow a part of the building to the mosque, and another part for other purposes, b. An ordinance to rent out the part of the mosque, c. An ordinance of selling the mosque. After discussing on these issues, the results can be obtained: 1. Endowing a part of the building to the mosque, and the other part which is not for the mosque is allowed if it has been established since the beginning of development. 2. Nevertheless, if a mosque has been endowed since the beginning, then want to enlarge its buildings on it later not as a mosque, then the enactment is not allowed, because the top of the mosque (mosque's roof) is considered as a mosque, so as not to allowed to be used in order not to the benefit of prayer and the other worship. 3. not allowed to rent certain parts of the mosque out if it is enacted as mosque ordinance, such as the roof of the mosque, the above tower, the second floor of the mosque, etc. If that place does not include a mosque and it is not enacted as a mosque, so it might be for rent to the benefit of the mosque, as the priest's House which is in next to the mosque, Tower located on the side of the mosque etc. 4. Selling the mosque is permitted if it is in such circumstance such as the mosque was not utilized because many of the inhabitants who moved or other legitimate reasons. But if there is no legitimate reason then for nadzir and managers should not sell the mosque

32 channel DQPSK DWDM-PON for local area network using dispersion compensation fiber

In the contest to improving optical channel rates in dense wavelength multiplexing (DWDM) service to realize 40Gb/s, different adjustment and coherent detection plans are being investigated. In this paper, we present differential quaternary phase-shift keying (DQPSK) balance for the arrangement of a 32-channel DWDM in a Local Area Network (LAN)

Experimental investigation of the tensile test using digital image correlation (DIC) method

The Digitial Image Correlation (DIC) method is a non-contact optical technique to measure the contour deformation, strain and stress values. In order to obtain the stress and strain values, three methods have been used to investigate the tensile properties, which are experimental, strain gauge measurement, and DIC methods. The tensile specimens were fabricated with three types of materials, which were aluminium A1100, glass fiber-reinforced plastics, and pure resin plastics. It was concluded that three methods provided the closed values on Young modulus, and tensile specimen with aluminium material had the highest value with an average 171.22 GPa compared with the other two materials. In addition, it was highlighted that the DIC method had a bit higher value than the experimental method, which is still recommended to approximately predict the tensile properties

Oral Immunization with a Live Coxsackievirus/HIV Recombinant Induces Gag p24-Specific T Cell Responses

The development of an HIV/AIDS vaccine has proven to be elusive. Because human vaccine trials have not yet demonstrated efficacy, new vaccine strategies are needed for the HIV vaccine pipeline. We have been developing a new HIV vaccine platform using a live enterovirus, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) vector. Enteroviruses are ideal candidates for development as a vaccine vector for oral delivery, because these viruses normally enter the body via the oral route and survive the acidic environment of the stomach.We constructed a live coxsackievirus B4 recombinant, CVB4/p24(73(3)), that expresses seventy-three amino acids of the gag p24 sequence (HXB2) and assessed T cell responses after immunization of mice. The CVB4 recombinant was physically stable, replication-competent, and genetically stable. Oral or intraperitoneal immunization with the recombinant resulted in strong systemic gag p24-specific T cell responses as determined by the IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay and by multiparameter flow cytometry. Oral immunization with CVB4/p24(73(3)) resulted in a short-lived, localized infection of the gut without systemic spread. Because coxsackieviruses are ubiquitous in the human population, we also evaluated whether the recombinant was able to induce gag p24-specific T cell responses in mice pre-immunized with the CVB4 vector. We showed that oral immunization with CVB4/p24(73(3)) induced gag p24-specific immune responses in vector-immune mice.The CVB4/p24(73(3)) recombinant retained the physical and biological characteristics of the parental CVB4 vector. Oral immunization with the CVB4 recombinant was safe and resulted in the induction of systemic HIV-specific T cell responses. Furthermore, pre-existing vector immunity did not preclude the development of gag p24-specific T cell responses. As the search continues for new vaccine strategies, the present study suggests that live CVB4/HIV recombinants are potential new vaccine candidates for HIV

The electronic structure of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) investigated by soft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies

The electronic structure of the poly-pyridine conjugated polymer has been investigated by resonant and nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray absorption spectroscopies using synchrotron radiation. The measurements were made for both the carbon and nitrogen contents of the polymer. The analysis of the spectra has been carried out in comparison with molecular orbital calculations taking the repeat-unit cell as a model molecule of the polymer chain. The simulations indicate no significant differences in the absorption and in the non-resonant X-ray scattering spectra for the different isomeric geometries, while some isomeric dependence of the resonant spectra is predicted. The resonant emission spectra show depletion of the {\pi} electron bands in line with symmetry selection and momentum conservation rules. The effect is most vizual for the carbon spectra; the nitrogen spectra are dominated by lone pair n orbital emission of {\sigma} symmetry and are less frequency dependent.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030101049800262

Tuberculous dilated cardiomyopathy: an under-recognized entity?

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common public health problem in many parts of the world. TB is generally believed to spare these four organs-heart, skeletal muscle, thyroid and pancreas. We describe a rare case of myocardial TB diagnosed on a post-mortem cardiac biopsy. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient presented with history suggestive of congestive heart failure. We describe the clinical presentation, investigations and outcome of this case, and review the literature on the involvement of myocardium by TB. CONCLUSION: Involvement of myocardium by TB is rare. However it should be suspected as a cause of congestive heart failure in any patient with features suggestive of TB. Increasing recognition of the entity and the use of endomyocardial biopsy may help us detect more cases of this "curable" form of cardiomyopathy