3,797 research outputs found
Persistent topology of the reionisation bubble network. I: Formalism & Phenomenology
We present a new formalism for studying the topology of HII regions during
the Epoch of Reionisation, based on persistent homology theory. With persistent
homology, it is possible to follow the evolution of topological features over
time. We introduce the notion of a persistence field as a statistical summary
of persistence data and we show how these fields can be used to identify
different stages of reionisation. We identify two new stages common to all
bubble ionisation scenarios. Following an initial pre-overlap and subsequent
overlap stage, the topology is first dominated by neutral filaments (filament
stage) and then by enclosed patches of neutral hydrogen undergoing outside-in
ionisation (patch stage). We study how these stages are affected by the degree
of galaxy clustering. We also show how persistence fields can be used to study
other properties of the ionisation topology, such as the bubble size
distribution and the fractal-like topology of the largest ionised region.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Submitted to MNRA
General equilibrium models of environmental regulation and international trade
general equilibrium;international trade;environmental policy
Estimating Vulnerability
Many existing measures of vulnerability lack a theoretical basis. In this paper we propose to measure vulnerability rigorously as the welfare of a household which solves an intertemporal optimisation model under risk.In such models, in essence a stochastic version of the Ramsey model, an important part of chronic poverty may be caused by the ex ante response of households to risks. Our simulation results indicate that whether or not a household is to be classified as vulnerable depends strongly on the time horizon considered. We use the model to assess the accuracy of existing regression-based vulnerability measures. We find that these methods can be vastly improved by including asset measures in the regression.Vulnerability, household models.
Factors associated with the introduction of classical swine fever virus into pig herds in the central area of the 1997/98 epidemic in the Netherlands
A matched case-control study of 135 infected and 99 uninfected pig herds from the central area of the 1997 to 1998 epidemic of classical swine fever (CSF) in The Netherlands was undertaken to identify factors associated with the introduction of the virus. The herds were matched on the basis of herd type and the shortest geographical distance between pairs of herds. Data on management, hygienic measures, experiences during the depopulation of an infected nearest neighbour, and the frequency of contact with professionals and other agencies were collected by means of a questionnaire taken by personal interview. There were no significant differences between the infected and uninfected herds in the median total number of contacts per year with professionals and other agencies either with or without contact with the pigs. On the basis of a multivariable analysis, five variables were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of infection: (1) the presence of commercial poultry on the premises; (2) visitors entering the pig units without wearing an overcoat or overalls and boots supplied by the farm; (3) the driver of the lorry transporting pigs for the Pig Welfare Disposal Scheme (PWDS) using his own boots instead of boots supplied by the farm; (4) herds of moderate size (500 to 1,000 animals) and very large herds (>7,000 animals) were at greater risk than small herds (<500 animals); and (5) an aerosol, produced during high-pressure cleaning of the electrocution equipment used to kill the pigs on a neighbouring infected herd less than 250 m away was carried by the wind on to the premises. Two variables were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CSFV-infection: (1) more than 30 years of experience in pig farming; and (2) additional cleaning of the lorries used to transport pigs for the PWDS before they were allowed on to the premises. In the opinion of the cooperating farmers, airborne transmission of the virus and its transmission during the depopulation of an infected neighbour were among the most important routes of infection
Data Center Interconnects at 400G and Beyond
Current trends in Data Center Interconnectivity are considered in the light
of increasing traffic and under the constraint of limited cost and power
consumption.Comment: This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 762055
(BlueSpace project) and from the German ministry of education and research
(BMBF) under contract 16KIS0477K (SENDATE Secure-DCI project
Proficiency test for antibiotics in bovine muscle
The aim of this proficiency study was to give laboratories the possibility to evaluate or demonstrate their competence for the analysis of antibiotics in bovine muscle, including the screening analysis. This study also provided an evaluation of the methods applied for screening and quantitative confirmatory analysis of antibiotics in bovine muscle
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