Hierarchy of needs on main character in C.S. Lewis' The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe

INDONESIA: Hirarki kebutuhan terjadi karena naluri alamiah manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya,. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara Peter memenuhi hierarki kebutuhan dalam The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe karya C.S. Lewis. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan kritik sastra. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mendeskripsikan, menjelaskan, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data. Sumber data diperoleh dari novel Lewis' the Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori motivasi Abraham Maslow (1987) yaitu teori kebutuhan. Teori yang dikembangkan oleh Maslow telah mencakup semua teori lain dengan lima tingkat kebutuhan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cara Peter memenuhi hierarki kebutuhan dalam The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe karya C.S. Lewis melalui 5 elemen. Kebutuhan fisiologis, tokoh utama Peter berusaha memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologisnya berupa makan. Safety Needs, Peter dapat memenuhi kebutuhan akan rasa aman dengan melindungi dirinya dan saudara-saudaranya dari ancaman. Kebutuhan cinta, kebutuhan akan cinta ini dapat dipenuhi oleh Peter dengan kasih sayang yang dia berikan kepada saudaranya yang hilang. Kebutuhan penghargaan, kebutuhan penghargaan Peter mengidentifikasi dua tingkat kebutuhan penghargaan; reputasi dan harga diri. Kekuatan karakter utama dalam memprediksi setiap perang membuat Peter dan karakter lainnya mampu melawan musuh dengan baik. Aktualisasi diri, Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam perang keputusan Peter dalam melindungi orang-orang di sekitarnya juga mempengaruhi dalam melindungi saudara perempuannya dari ancaman musuh. ENGLISH: Hierarchy need happens because of the natural instinct of humans in meeting their needs. This study aims to find out the way how Peter fulfills the hierarchy of need in C.S. Lewis' The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. The methodology of the study applies literary criticism. This study is conducted by describing, explaining, analyzing, and interpreting the data. Source of data obtained from the novel Lewis‘ The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe. In this study, Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation (1987) was used, namely the theory of needs. The theory developed by Maslow has covered all other theories with five levels of needs. The results of this study show that the way how Peter fulfills the hierarchy of need in C.S. Lewis' The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe through 5 elements. The physiological need, the main character Peter tries to fulfill his physiological needs in the form of eating. Safety Needs, Peter can fulfill the need for security by protecting him and his siblings from threats. The love need, this need for love can be met by Peter with the affection he gives to his lost brother. Esteem need, Peter’s esteem needs identified two levels of esteem needs; reputation and self-esteem. The power of the main character in predicting every war makes Peter and other characters able to fight the enemy well. Self-actualization, This shows that in the war Peter's decisions in protecting the people around him also affect in protecting his sister from enemy threats

Exercise Beliefs and Behaviours of Individuals with Joint Hypermobility Syndrome/ Ehlers Danlos Syndrome-Hypermobility Type

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Disability & Rehabilitation on 10 November 2017, available online at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2017.1398278. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis GroupPurpose: To explore exercise beliefs and behaviours of individuals with Joint Hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type and to explore patient experiences of physiotherapy.Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey design was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data from adult members of the Hypermobility Syndromes Association and Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Support UK. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Qualitative data was analysed thematically.Results: 946 questionnaires were returned and analysed. Participants who received exercise advice from a physiotherapist were 1.75 more likely to report high volumes of weekly exercise (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30–2.36, p < 0.001) than those with no advice. Participants who believed that exercise is important for long-term management were 2.76 times more likely to report a high volume of weekly exercise compared to the participants who did not hold this belief (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.38–5.50, p = 0.004). Three themes emerged regarding experience of physiotherapy; physiotherapist as a partner, communication – knowledge, experience and safety.Conclusion: Pain, fatigue and fear are common barriers to exercise. Advice from a physiotherapist and beliefs about the benefits of exercise influenced the reported exercise behaviours of individuals with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type in this survey.Peer reviewe

Pengaruh Customer Review, Kepercayaan Merk Terhadapminat Beli Dampaknya pada Keputusan Pembelian Produk Jersey Printing ARD Sport Sragen

This study aims to determine the effect of consumer experience, and brand trust on purchasing decisions and purchase intention as a mediating variable. This research is included in quantitative research. The sample in this study was 110 respondents on Jersey Printing Products ARD Sport Sragen. The sample selection technique in this study is using purposive where each element of the population has the same opportunity to be selected as a subject. The analytical tool in this research is path analysis using the Smart PLS software. The results of this study indicate that: the variables of consumer experience and brand trust have a significant positive effect on purchase intention and purchase interest have a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, purchase intention mediates positively significantly between consumer experience and brand trust in purchasing decisions

Indonesian Uncertainty on Tourism Components in the New Normal Period and the Ability to Travel Soon

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, one of the most-impacted industries was its tourism sector. After the government developed various transmission prevention policies, a press release from the Indonesian president in May 2020 established the new normal terms. These new terms sought to allow Indonesians to return to travel as soon as possible with several protocols in place. However, the post-pandemic situation has made some Indonesians feel an intolerance towards the uncertainty of changes in the tourism component. Through a descriptive quantitative approach using the theory of Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), this study aimed to determine what Indonesians feel about uncertainty, how they feel about it, and how to reduce these feelings in Camilleri’s five components of tourism. The results showed that Indonesians feel uncertainty in every component of tourist destinations, with accommodation being the most significant factor, followed by financial, protocol readiness, and health factors, particularly the threat of contracting the virus and the number of cases. Therefore, appropriate handling to eliminate the number of affected cases and the uncertainty of crowds in the destination can significantly contribute to creating the ideal situation awaited by most Indonesians before they decide to return to travel

Predicting Future Space Near-IR Grism Surveys using the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels Survey

We present near-infrared emission line counts and luminosity functions from the HST WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels (WISP) program for 29 fields (0.037 deg^2) observed using both the G102 and G141 grisms. Altogether we identify 1048 emission line galaxies with observed equivalent widths greater than 40 Angstroms, 467 of which have multiple detected emission lines. The WISP survey is sensitive to fainter flux levels (3-5x10^-17 ergs/s/cm^2) than the future space near-infrared grism missions aimed at baryonic acoustic oscillation cosmology (1-4x10^-16 ergs/s/cm^2), allowing us to probe the fainter emission line galaxies that the shallower future surveys may miss. Cumulative number counts of 0.7<z<1.5 galaxies reach 10,000 deg^-2 above an H-alpha flux of 2x10^-16 ergs/s/cm^2. H-alpha-emitting galaxies with comparable [OIII] flux are roughly 5 times less common than galaxies with just H-alpha emission at those flux levels. Galaxies with low H-alpha/[OIII] ratios are very rare at the brighter fluxes that future near-infrared grism surveys will probe; our survey finds no galaxies with H-alpha/[OIII] < 0.95 that have H-alpha flux greater than 3x10^-16 ergs/s/cm^2. Our H-alpha luminosity function contains a comparable number density of faint line emitters to that found by the NICMOS near-infrared grism surveys, but significantly fewer (factors of 3-4 less) high luminosity emitters. We also find that our high redshift (z=0.9-1.5) counts are in agreement with the high redshift (z=1.47) narrow band H-alpha survey of HiZELS (Sobral et al. 2013), while our lower redshift luminosity function (z=0.3-0.9) falls slightly below their z=0.84 result. The evolution in both the H-alpha luminosity function from z=0.3--1.5 and the [OIII] luminosity function from z=0.7-2.3 is almost entirely in the L* parameter, which steadily increases with redshift over those ranges.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, Accepted by Ap

Discovery of Three Distant, Cold Brown Dwarfs in the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels Survey

We present the discovery of three late type (>T4) brown dwarfs, including a probable Y dwarf, in the WFC3 Infrared Spectroscopic Parallels (WISP) Survey. We use the G141 grism spectra to determine the spectral types of the dwarfs and derive distance estimates based on a comparison with nearby T dwarfs with known parallaxes. These are the most distant spectroscopically confirmed T/Y dwarfs, with the farthest at an estimated distance of ~400 pc. We compare the number of cold dwarfs found in the WISP survey with simulations of the brown dwarf mass function. The number found is generally consistent with an initial stellar mass function dN/dM \propto M^{-\alpha} with \alpha = 0.0--0.5, although the identification of a Y dwarf is somewhat surprising and may be indicative of either a flatter absolute magnitude/spectral type relation than previously reported or an upturn in the number of very late type brown dwarfs in the observed volume.Comment: Accepted for publication by ApJ Letters. 10 pages, 2 figure

USP compendial methods for analysis of heparin: chromatographic determination of molecular weight distributions for heparin sodium

Heparin is a polysaccharide product isolated from glycosaminoglycans of porcine mucosa (or occasionally other tissues and species). It is a linear non-uniform polymer consisting of alternating glucosamine and uronic acid monosaccharide residues and is highly sulfated. Heparin sodium drug product (HP) used in medicine consists of chains with molecular weight (MW) ranging from under 5,000 to over 50,000. Although HP has been used as an injectable antithrombotic medicine for more than 70 years, many aspects of its structure and purity, including its MW, have not been specified by public standards until recent years. In 2008, a number of HP lots associated with severe adverse effects, including fatalities, were found to have been contaminated with oversulfated chondroitin sulfate. This incident led to thorough revision of compendial standards worldwide. In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) encouraged the inclusion of enhanced standards for purity and identity in the relevant monographs of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) including acceptance criteria for MW distribution

Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy of Extreme Starbursts Across Cosmic Time: The Role of Dwarf Galaxies in the Star Formation History of the Universe

Near infrared slitless spectroscopy with the Wide Field Camera 3, onboard the Hubble Space Telescope, offers a unique opportunity to study low-mass galaxy populations at high-redshift ($z\sim$1-2). While most high$-z$ surveys are biased towards massive galaxies, we are able to select sources via their emission lines that have very-faint continua. We investigate the star formation rate (SFR)-stellar mass ($M_{\star}$) relation for about 1000 emission-line galaxies identified over a wide redshift range of $0.3 \lesssim z \lesssim 2.3$. We use the H$_{\alpha}$ emission as an accurate SFR indicator and correct the broadband photometry for the strong nebular contribution to derive accurate stellar masses down to $M_{\star} \sim 10^{7} M_{\odot}$. We focus here on a subsample of galaxies that show extremely strong emission lines (EELGs) with rest-frame equivalent widths ranging from 200 to 1500 \AA. This population consists of outliers to the normal SFR-$M_{\star}$ sequence with much higher specific SFRs ($> 10$ Gyr$^{-1}$). While on-sequence galaxies follow a continuous star formation process, EELGs are thought to be caught during an extreme burst of star formation that can double their stellar mass in less than $100$ Myr. The contribution of starbursts to the total star formation density appears to be larger than what has been reported for more massive galaxies in previous studies. In the complete mass range $8.2 <$ log($M_{\star}/M_{\odot}$) $< 10$ and a SFR lower completeness limit of about 2 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ (10 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$) at $z\sim1$ ($z \sim 2$), we find that starbursts having EW$_{rest}$(H$_{\alpha}$)$>$ 300, 200, and 100 A contribute up to $\sim13$, 18, and 34 %, respectively, to the total SFR of emission-line selected sample at $z\sim1-2$. The comparison with samples of massive galaxies shows an increase in the contribution of starbursts towards lower masses.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures. The Astrophysical Journal, in pres

Physical Properties of Emission-Line Galaxies at z ~ 2 from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Magellan FIRE

We present results from near-infrared spectroscopy of 26 emission-line galaxies at z ~ 2 obtained with the FIRE spectrometer on the Magellan Baade telescope. The sample was selected from the WISP survey, which uses the near-infrared grism of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 to detect emission-line galaxies over 0.3 < z < 2.3. Our FIRE follow-up spectroscopy (R~5000) over 1.0-2.5 micron permits detailed measurements of physical properties of the z~2 emission-line galaxies. Dust-corrected star formation rates for the sample range from ~5-100 M_sun yr-1. We derive a median metallicity for the sample of ~0.45 Z_sun, and the estimated stellar masses range from ~10^8.5 - 10^9.5 M_sun. The average ionization parameters measured for the sample are typically much higher than what is found for local star-forming galaxies. We derive composite spectra from the FIRE sample, from which we infer typical nebular electron densities of ~100-400 cm^-3. Based on the location of the galaxies and composite spectra on BPT diagrams, we do not find evidence for significant AGN activity in the sample. Most of the galaxies as well as the composites are offset in the BPT diagram toward higher [O III]/H-beta at a given [N II]/H-alpha, in agreement with other observations of z > 1 star-forming galaxies, but composite spectra derived from the sample do not show an appreciable offset from the local star-forming sequence on the [O III]/H-beta versus [S II]/H-alpha diagram. We infer a high nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio from the composite spectrum, which may contribute to the offset of the high-redshift galaxies from the local star-forming sequence in the [O III]/H-beta versus [N II]/H-alpha diagram. We speculate that the elevated nitrogen abundance could result from substantial numbers of Wolf-Rayet stars in starbursting galaxies at z~2. (Abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

IDENTIFIKASI MODEL ANTREAN NON-POISSON (Studi Kasus : Bus Nonpatas Antarkota Antarprovinsi (AKAP) dan Antarkota Dalam Provinsi (AKDP) Lajur Barat Terminal Bus Tirtonadi Surakarta)

Transportation is an important factor to improve the economic level of an area. If the transportation does great, the economy will grow up. In case of that, Tirtonadi Bus Station always try to provide optimum services to avoid long queue. Queue system on the west lanes nonpatas bus service of Tirtonadi Bus Station (Solo-Yogyakarta, SoloSemarang, Solo-Purwokerto, Solo-Jakarta, and Jalur Pedesaan) will be analyzed using queueing theory. The main goal of this project is to identify the distribution of the model of Non-Poisson and calculate the size of system performance. Primary dataanalysis is made up of equilibrium sample test (steady state) and tested the distribution of the arrivals number and the bus service’s time. Based on the analysis of queueing process, there are non-Poisson queueing models estimated with Triangular, Beta, Weibull, and the models are (G/M/1) : (GD/∞/∞), (G/LOGN/1) : (GD/∞/∞), (G/M/1) : (GD/∞/∞), (G/BETA/1) : (GD/∞/∞), and (G/M/1) : (GD/∞/∞). The size of systemperformance show that line A (Solo-Yogyakarta) have a higher level of service rush than other service lines.  Keywords : Queue, Queueing System, Queueing Model, non-Poisson, Tirtonadi Bus Station, Arena