Trophic relationships of the long-finned squid loligo Sanpaulensis on the southern Brazilian shelf

The diet and predators of Loligo sanpaulensis (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) on the southern Brazilian shelf were studied by examining the stomach contents of 668 long-finned squid (12–184 mm mantle length) caught by bottom trawl and the stomach contents of 47 potential predators, including stranded penguins and marine mammals as well as fish and cephalopods caught with diverse fishing gears in the region. Of 313 long-finned squid stomachs containing food, fish occurred in 36.4% of stomachs, crustaceans in 23.3% and cephalopods in 6.4%. Identified prey included demersal fish, shrimps and conspecifics. Loligo sanpaulensis was preyed on by 31 of the 47 potential predatory species examined. The frequency of occurrence (FO) was high (>20%) in the stomach contents of La Plata dolphins Pontoporia blainvillei, penguins Spheniscus magellanicus, fur seals Arctocephalus spp., the benthic shark Mustelus canis and the benthic finfish Astroscopus sexpinosus and Percophis brasiliensis. It was less important (5–20% FO) for the benthic and demersal fish Helicolenus lahillei, Paralichthys isosceles, P. patagonicus, Merluccius hubbsi and Urophycis mystacea, and of minor importance (2–5% FO) in the diet of the finfish Trichiurus lepturus, Cynoscion guatucupa, Macrodon ancylodon, Pagrus pagrus and Pomatomus saltatrix. Loligo sanpaulensis seems to be a link in the pelagic and benthic foodwebs of the southern Brazilian shelf, because it is preyed on by such high-level predators as marine mammals and penguins, and by several of the most abundant fish found in the region

Larvae of Illex argentinus from five surveys on the continental shelf of southern Brazil

Three types of rhynchoteuthion larvae and one of small juvenile ommastrephid were collected in 116 of 371 samples obtained in five surveys on the shelf of southern Brazil. The cruises were between Santa Marta Grande Cape (28°30'S) and Chui (34°40'S); one cruise in autumn 1980-1982, one in winter, and three in spring. Samples were collected with a bongo net of 0.33-mm mesh in oblique hauls from bottom to surface between the coast and approximately the 200-m isobath line. Juveniles and the type of larvae that accounted for over 90% of the total were identified as Illex argentinus. They were found mostly in winter and spring in association with the western boundary of the Brazil Current and Subtropical Waters and rarely with Coastal and Subantarctic Waters. Their abundance in southern Brazil may be explained by spawning in the region and northward transport of egg masses

Reproductive cycle of Loligo sanpaulensis Brakoniecki, 1984 (Cephalopoda; Loliginidae) in southern Brazil

Loligo sanpaulensis the most abundant coastal squid in southern Brazil. The reproduction of the species was studied from 2,340 specimens obtained in eight groundfish surveys from 198 1 to 1987 along the coast of southern Brazil (28"35' S to 34"40' S), at depths from 10 to 587 m. On the shelf,' ripe specimens and mated females were found in all seasons, being less frequent in autumn. Most squids caught on the slope during all seasons were immature. The high frequency of fully mature females, and the occurrence of spent males, egg masses and loliginid paralarvae suggested that the species spawns off Southern Braz il. Mature individuals were mostly smaller than 80 mm mantle length (ML) in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, two spawning groups, with 50 - 80 mm ML and larger than 100 mm ML, were detected at depths under and over 40 m respectively. Off southern Brazil , the species has a long spawning period, with peaks in summer and winter/spring. The squid migrates across and along the shelf, taking advantage of the Brazil and Malvinas currents system to reach suitable spawning and feeding grounds. It is hypothesized that summer spawners may find adequate feeding grounds in winter in the outer shelf while winter spawners may recruit in part to the southern range of the species in northern Argentina in spring, eventually returning northward to reproduce

Length-weight relationship of marine fishes from southern Brazil

The relationship between length (L) and weight (W) was estimated for 80 species belonging to 50 families of marine fishes from the shelf and upper slope of southern Brazil (lat. 28°S - 34°S). Sample sizes (n) for different species ranged from 11 to 14 741 specimens collected from commercial landings and research surveys. The fit of the equations (W=aLb) with a and b parameters estimated from regular and functional regression (of log-transformed weight and length data) as well as from a non-linear iterative process using the quasi-Newton algorithm were compared. The non-linear method gave the most accurate estimates in terms of residual sum of squares. Differences were less than 2.3% for n>500 compared with predictive regressions and 1.5% compared with functional regressions. No difference was observed between both predictive and functional regressions. Determination coefficients (r2) increased with sample size, and the highest r2 were obtained for 50<n<500, decreasing slightly for larger samples due to seasonal changes in the condition of the fishes

Pogonias courbina

This demersal species inhabits and forms seasonal spawning aggregations in shallow coastal waters and estuaries from southeastern Brazil to Argentina. It is a relatively long-lived, large-bodied species that canattain over 140 cm in length and 40 kg in weight and reach over 50 years in age. The estimated generation length is 28 years. It is targeted by commercial, artisanal and recreational fisheries throughout its range. Fisheries targeted spawning migrations in the Patos Lagoon estuary in southern Brazil at a high level from the 1940s to early 1980s, and landings have declined by 88% since 1982, orover the past 37 years. After these four decades of exploitation, only juveniles and small-sized adults are currently captured in the fishery. In Uruguay and Argentina, fishing effort primarily targets spawning aggregations in the La Plata River estuary. Landings in this fishery increased by 260% since 2000, or overthe past 19 years, as compared to landings in the period from 1975-1999. The current absence of large individuals in the La Plata River commercial catch and anecdotal observations of declines by Argentines portfishers, strongly implies that a truncation in age structure and a significant decline in abundance occurred.This species has intrinsic characteristics, including large body size, long longevity and high vulnerability to capture during predictable spawning/feeding migrations or aggregations, that cause it to be susceptible to large population declines under exploitation. However, its high fecundity and early age at© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Pogonias courbina , published in 2020.https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T159145751A159145756.en1maturity (5-10% of the longevity) favours its resilience to exploitation under adequate fisheries management. The large decline in the southern Brazil fishery that targets this species was caused by years of intense fishing pressure, and that stock has not recovered. This is a clear warning that the fishery operating in La Plata estuary will follow the same path of decline unless urgent and drastic management measures are not implemented in the near future. Based on fisheries data and catch observations over time, it is inferred this species has undergone global-level declines of at least 30-40%over the past one and half generation lengths (about 42 years), and due to insufficient conservation measures, this decline is expected to continue over the next one and half generation lengths. Therefore,it is listed as Vulnerable A2bd+4bd with a strong recommendation to improve fisheries monitoring and management.Fil: Haimovici, M. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Chao, L.. National Museum Of Marine Biology And Aquarium In Taiwa; República de ChinaFil: Vieira, J.P.. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande.; BrasilFil: Buratti, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Díaz de Astarloa, Juan Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Irigoyen, A.. No especifíca;Fil: Riestra, C.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Landaeta, M.. Universidad de Valparaíso; ChileFil: Hüne, M.. Universidad Austral de Chile; Chil

Procesos sociales de trabajo en instituciones públicas : actores bifrontes

Ponencia presentada en el XXIII CONGRESO DE LA ASOCIACIÓN\nLATINOAMERICANA DE SOCIOLOGÍA (ALAS), realizado en Antigua Guatemala, 29 de\noctubre-2 de noviembre de 2001. En base a Alberto L. Bialakowsky: "Marginalization and\nExclusion: The Hemisphere's Number One Problem. The challenge of the social,\neducational and health policies. Analysis and Institutional Proposals", Summer Institute\n2001, Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, York University, Toronto, 2001: Las instituciones públicas estatales ?la escuela, el juzgado, el instituto de menores, el hospital, etc.?\nno impiden los grandes procesos sociales de exclusión, en muchos casos los reproducen, en otros los\nprofundizan. Por lo tanto, no puede pensarse un cambio sin una reflexibilidad cultural e institucional.\nEn este sentido, los trabajadores estatales implicados resultan actores bifrontes: deben trabajar en la\nreparación de la urgencia, pero deben, al mismo tiempo, crear los dispositivos institucionales que\nprotagonicen el freno al proceso social de exclusión

Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Lolliguncula Steenstrup, 1881 Based on Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences Indicates Genetic Isolation of Populations from North and South Atlantic, and the Possible Presence of Further Cryptic Species

Squid of the genus Lolliguncula Steenstrup, 1881 are small bodied, coastal species capable of tolerating low salinity. Lolliguncula sp. are found exclusively in the New World, although only one of the four recognized species (Lolliguncula brevis) occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. Preliminary morphological analyses suggest that Lolliguncula brevis populations in the North and South Atlantic may represent distinct species. The principal objective of the present study was to verify the phylogenetic relationships within the genus and test for the presence of possible cryptic species. Both gene and species tree topologies indicated that Lolliguncula brevis specimens from the North and South Atlantic represent distinct phylogenetic clades. In contrast with previous studies, L. panamensis was identified as the basal species of the genus. Our results provide important insights into the phylogenetic relationships among the Lolliguncula specimens analyzed, and confirm the genetic separation of Lolliguncula brevis populations of the North and South Atlantic at the level of sister species

Handlebar hernia: a case report and literature review on traumatic abdominal wall hernia in children

A rare case of abdominal trauma, a handlebar hernia, is described, as well as a review of the pertinent literature. A 7-year-old boy presented to our emergency room after sustaining blunt force to the abdomen; he fell on the handlebar of his bicycle. Immediately after the accident, a bulge was noticeable at the point of impact. Handlebar hernia is a diagnosis that is easily missed, which can lead to strangulation and incarceration of the bowel. With this case report, we hope to augment the knowledge on traumatic abdominal wall hernia, hopefully leading to early diagnosis and treatment